This document discusses various cloning vectors that can be used to clone DNA fragments. It describes some key vectors such as plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, yeast artificial chromosomes, and bacterial artificial chromosomes. Plasmids are commonly used cloning vectors that can hold inserts of up to 10kb and replicate autonomously in bacteria. Bacteriophages like lambda can accept larger inserts up to 25kb. Cosmids and YACs can hold even larger fragments, up to 40kb and over 2Mb respectively. The choice of vector depends on factors like the insert size, host system, and intended use of the cloned DNA.

1. CLONING VECTORS
DR.SIVASANKAR.P
sankarsiva905@gmail.com

2. INTRODUCTION
• Cloning vector is an DNA molecule in which foreign DNA can be injected
and which is further capable of replicating within in the host cell to produce
multiple clone of recombinant DNA
• Ex: plasmid, phage virus
• Characters :
1.replicates autonomously
2.origin of replication
3.Selectable markers
4.multiple cloning site /poly linker
5.modern vector =cloning+expression

3. Commonly used cloning vectors

4. Recognition sequences of some REs
Enzyme Recognition site Type of cut end
EcoRI G￬A-A-T-T-C 5’ P extension
BamHI G￬G-A-T-C-C 5’ P extension
PstI C-T-G-C-A￬G 3’ P extension
Sau3A1 ￬G-A-T-C 5’ P extension
PvuII C-A-G￬C-T-G Blunt end
HpaI G-T-T￬A-A-C Blunt end
HaeIII G-G￬C-C Blunt end
NotI G￬C-G-G-C-C-G-C 5’ P extension

5. What determines the choice of vector ?
• insert size
• vector size
• restriction sites
• copy number
• cloning efficiency
• ability to screen for inserts

6. Why Clone DNA?
• Nucleotide sequence determination
• Protein/enzyme/RNA function can be investigated
• Mutations can be identified, e.g. gene defects related to specific diseases
• Organisms can be ‘engineered’ for specific purposes, e.g. insulin production,
insect resistance, etc.

7. Types of vectors
• Different types of cloning vectors are used for different types of cloning experiments.
• The vector is chosen according to the size and type of DNA to be cloned
1.plasmid
2.bacteriophage
3.cosmid
4.Human artificial chromosome
5. BACs
6. YACs

8. plasmid
• Extrachromosamal double stranded circular self
replicating DNA molecules
• Not essential for survival of bacteria
• 10-100 per cell
• Size 1-500kb
• Linear plasmid –streptomyces , borella
burgdoferi
• commercially available ones, eg: pGEM3,
pBlueScript
• Not well sited for creating genomic libraries
• Transformation in efficient
• Requires competant cells
Types plasmid
• pBR322 most commonly used
• 4361 bp
• Carries genes for ampicillin & tetracyline
• Recognition site for EcoR I,hindIII,BamH I ,
Sal1,Pstl 1

9. Contd…
• Other plasmid cloning vector
• pUC19-2686bp with ampicillin resistant gene ,visual marker
• Derivatives of pBR322-, pBR328 ,pBR329

10. Vector system Host cell Insert capacity (kb)
Plasmid E. coli 0.1-10
Bacteriophage l E. coli 10-20
Cosmid E. coli 35-45
Bacteriophage P1 E. coli 80-100
BAC (bacterial artificial
chromosome)
E. coli 50-300
P1 bacteriophage-derived
AC
E. coli 100-300
YAC Yeast 100-2,000
Human AC Cultured human cells >2,000
Cloning vectors and their insert capacities

11. Bacteriaophage
• Bacterial virus
• Can take up larger DNA segments than
plasmid
Types
1.bacteriophage
2.phage M13
bacteriophage l :
• Virus of E coli
• DNA 50kbp
• Cos end
• Transformation is efficient 78-100%
• Insert upto 25 kb
• Out of 49 kb , 30kb used for lytic cycle
• Many insertion site
• Insertion vector Ex:GT10,GT11, Zap
• Replacement vector ex: l EMBL4

12. Phage M13 vector
• ss DNA of E coli
• Complementary DNA synthesized in the cell
• Useful in sequencing of DNA

13. Cosmids
• Circular ds DNA
• Plasmid +bacteriophage l
• cos site added to the plasmid
• Functions either one
• Has both of the origin of
replication
• Insert upto 40kb
• Introduced in E coli
• No of copies good
• Somewhat unstable ,difficult to
maintain
• Advantage : large fragment

14. Human artificial chromosome
• Synthetic vector DNA , character of
human chromosome
• Self replicating microchromosome
• Advantage :can incorporate too long
human genes
• Insert size >2000kb

15. Yeast Artificial Chromosomes
• Synthetic DNA
• YAC cloning vehicles are plasmids
• Telomere-origin of replication
• Have ori for bacteria also
• Accepts large fragment of human DNA
• Final chimeric DNA is a linear DNA
molecule with telomeric ends
• Large capacity vectors 200-2000Kbp
• Yeast & bacteria as host
• Cloning efficiency is low

16. Bacterial artificial chromosome
• F-plasmid of bacteria combines with
chromosome & replicates
• Insert size 300K bp
• Larger genomes can be studied ,can be
cultured in bacteria requiring mammalian
cells

17. THANK YOU