This document discusses climate, vegetation, and wildlife in India. It describes the different seasons in India - winter, summer, rainy, and autumn - and explains how factors like location and altitude affect a region's climate. It also outlines the major types of natural vegetation found in India, including tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, thorny bushes, mountain vegetation, and mangrove forests. Finally, it notes that tigers are India's national animal and peacocks are the national bird, and discusses government conservation efforts like Project Tiger and Project Elephant.

1. K Ramesh Rao
MCL SBM( HISTORY DEPARTMENT)
Harinagar, New Delhi-64

2. India- climate,
vegetation and wildlife

3. TEMPERATURE
The day to day changes in the
atmosphere is known as temperature. It
includes changes in the temperature,
rainfall and sunshine etc.
Broadly the major seasons recognised in
India
 Cold weather season
 Hot weather season
 Rainy season
 Autumn season

4. • Winter season- the rays of the sun do not fall directly on the region.
• Summer season- the rays of the sun directly fall on the region.
• Rainy season- winds blow from Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal
towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these
winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.
• Autumn season- winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of
Bengal.

5. CLIMATE
Average weather conditions Which have been observed over many years.
• How will you define the climate of India
• The climate of India is a Monsoon type climate.
• The term monsoon is derived from the Arabic word Mausim means seasons.

6. • India is located in the tropical region so most of the rain is brought by
monsoon winds. Agriculture in India is dependent on rains. Good monsoon
mean adequate rain and a beautiful crop.
• The climate of a place depends on the various factors like: location, altitude,
distance from the sea, and relief.
• Eg : Jaisalmar in the desert of Rajasthan is very hot and the Drass in Jammu
and Kashmir is freezing cold.

7. Natural vegetation
 Due to varied climatic conditions India has a wide range of natural vegetation.
Vegetation is divided into five types:
 Tropical evergreen forest
 Tropical deciduous forest
 Thorny bushes
 Mountain vegetation
 Mangrove forest.

8. Tropical Evergreen Forest
a) In the areas which receive heavy rainfall
b) They are so dense that sunlight does not reach to ground
c) They are called evergreen because many trees shed their leaves at different
times so they appear green all the time.

9. d) The names of the important trees found in this forest are: Mahogany, Ebony and
Rosewood.
e) Andaman and Nicobar islands , the part of north-
Eastern states and a narrow strip of western ghats are home of these forest.

10. Tropical Deciduous forest.
a) These forest are also called monsoon forest.
b) Less dense.
c) Shed their leaves at a particular period of time.

11. a) Important trees of these forest are: Sal, Teak, Peepal, Neem and Shisham.
b) Found in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh ,
Odisha and some parts of Maharashtra

12. Thorny bushes
a) Found in dry areas of a country
b) The leaves are in the form of spines to reduce the loss of water

13. c) Eg: Cactus, Khair, Babool, Keekar,
d) They are found in the following states: Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern
slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

14. Mountain Vegetation
a) Found in the mountain region according to the height.
b) With increase in the height the temperature falls
c) Most of the trees are conical in shape.

15. d) These trees are called Coniferous trees.
e) Eg: Chir, Pine and Deodar are important trees.

16. Mangrove forest
a) These forest survive in the saline water.
b) Mostly found in Sunderbans in West Bengal and Andaman and Nicobar island.
c) Sundari is a well- known species of trees in mangrove after which Sunderbans
have been named.

18. Plants release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
Roots of the plants binds the soil and help soil erosion.
Forest provide us timber for furniture, medicinal plants, fuel, fodder, herbs and
honey.

19. Natural vegetation has been destroyed to an extent because of the reckless
cutting of trees. We should plant more trees.
We should celebrate festival like Van Mahostav.

20. wildlife
Forest are home to a variety of wild life.
National animal
a) Tiger is our national animal.
b) It is found in various parts of the country.

21. National bird
a) Peacock is our national bird
b) Other common birds are pigeons, geese bulbul and ducks.

22. The government of India has started projects like Project Tiger and Project Elephant to
protect them from human beings as we were forgetting the importance of them in
our environment only for our selfish desires,

23. Lastly I would like to say that everything is important
in our environment. So lets take a pledge that we
will not disturb our environment.
K Ramesh Rao
MCL SBM( HISTORY DEPARTMENT)
Harinagar, New Delhi-64