The document describes the layers that make up the Earth's interior. It states that the Earth has concentric layers, with the crust being the outermost layer. Below the crust is the mantle, which extends almost 3000 km deep. The innermost layer is the core, which is mostly made of iron and nickel. It also describes the different types of rocks found in the crust - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks - and explains how the rock cycle transforms rocks between these types through heating, cooling, and erosion over time.

1. INSIDE OUR EARTH

2. ABOUT THE EARTH
• The Earth, our
homeland is a dynamic
planet.
• It is constantly
undergoing changes
inside and outside.

3. INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
Just like an onion, the Earth is made up of
several concentric layers with one inside
another.
EARTH ONION

4. INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
LITHOSPHERE
CRUST
MANTLE
CORE-MANTLE
BOUNDARY
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE

5. CRUST
• The uppermost layer
over the earth’s surface
is called the crust.
• It is the thinnest of all
the layers.

6. DID YOU KNOW?
• The crust forms only 0.5 per cent of
the volume of the earth, 16 per cent
consists of the mantle and 83 per
cent makes the core.

7. Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust
• Crust is about 35 km.on the
continental masses and only 5 km.on
the ocean floors.
• The oceanic crust mainly consists of
silica andmagnesium; it is
thereforecalled sima (si-silica andma-
magnesium).
• The main mineral constituents of
thecontinental mass are silica and
alumina. It is thus called sial (si-silica
and al-alumina).
CONTINENTAL CRUST
CONTINENT
OCEAN
OCEANIC
CRUST

8. MANTLE
• Just beneath the crust
is the mantle which
extends up to a depth
of 2900 km. below the
crust.
MANTLE
CRUST

9. CORE
• The innermost layer is the
core with a radius of about
3500 km. It is mainly made
up of nickel and iron and is
called nife (ni – nickel and
fe – ferrous i.e. iron).
• The central core has very
high temperature and
pressure.
LIQUID
OUTER
CORE
SOLID INNER
CORE
CRUST
MANTLE

10. INTERESTING FACTS
The deepest mine inthe world, is in South Africa.
It is about 4 km. deep. In search for oil,
engineers have dug a hole about 6 km.deep.
To reach to the centre of the earth (which is not
possible!) you will have to dig a hole 6000 km.
deep on the ocean floor.

11. ROCKS AND MINERALS
• The earth’s crust is made
up of various types of
rocks. Any natural mass of
mineral matter that makes
up the earth’s crust is
called a rock. Rocks can be
of different colour, size and
texture.

12. TYPES OF ROCKS
There are 3 major types of rocks-
IGNEOUS ROCKS
1.
2.
3.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS

13. WORD ORIGIN
• Igneous: Latin word Ignis meaning fire.
• Sedimentary: Latin word sedimentum
meaning settle down.
• Metamorphic: Greek word metamorphose
meaning change of form.

14. IGNEOUS ROCKS
• Igneous: Latin word
Ignis meaning fire.
• When the molten magma
cools, it becomes solid.
Rocks thus formed are
called igneous rocks. They
are also called primary
rocks.

15. TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
• There are 2 types of igneous
rocks-
• 1. Intrusive rocks
• 2. Extrusive rocks.

16. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
Lava is actually fiery red molten magma
coming out from the interior of the earth on
its surface. When this molten lava comes on
the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down and
becomes solid. Rocks formed in such a way
on the crust are called extrusive igneous
rocks. They have a very fine grained
structure. For example, basalt. The Deccan
plateau is made up of basalt rocks.

17. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
• Sometimes the molten magma
cools down deep inside the
earth’s crust. Solid rocks so
formed are called intrusive
igneous rocks. Since they cool
down slowly they form large
grains. Granite is an example of
such a rock. Grinding stones used
to prepare paste/powder of
spices and grains are made of
granite.
GRANITE IS AN EXAMPLE OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS
ROCK

19. SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Rocks roll down, crack, and hit each other
and are broken down into small fragments.
These smaller particles are called
sediments. These sediments are
transported and deposited by wind, water,
etc. These loose sediments are compressed
and hardened to form layers of rocks. These
types of rocks are called sedimentary rocks.
For example, sandstone is made from grains
of sand. These rocks may also contain
fossils of plants, animals and other
microorganisms that once lived on them.

20. IMPORTANT FACT
• Igneous and sedimentary
rocks can change into
metamorphic rocks under
great heat and pressure.
For example, clay changes
into slate and limestone
into marble.
Sedimentary rock turned
into a Metamorphic rock

21. USES OF ROCKS
• 1. The hard rocks are used for making roads, houses and
buildings.
• 2. Stones are used in many games. For example, seven
stones (pitthoo), hopscotch (stapu/kit kit), five stones
(gitti).
• 3. Rocks are used in making monuments. Eg.- Red Fort,
Taj Mahal, etc.
The Red Fort is made of red sandstone The Taj Mahal is made of white marble

22. ROCK CYCLE
• DEFINITION- This process of
transformation of the rock from one to
another runder certain conditions in a
cyclic manner is known as the rock
cycle.

23. PROCESS OF ROCK CYCLE
• When the molten magma cools; it
solidifies to become igneous rock.
• These igneous rocks are broken
down into small particles that are
transported and deposited to
form sedimentary rocks.
• When the igneous and
sedimentary rocks are subjected
to heat and pressure they
changeinto metamorphic rocks.
1.
1. MAGMA2. IGNEOUS
ROCK
3. SEDIMENT
4. SEDIMENTARY ROCK
5. METAMORPHIC
ROCK

24. PROCESS OF ROCK CYCLE(CONT..)
• . • The metamorphic rocks
which are still under great
heat and pressure melt
down to form molten
magma.
• This molten magma again
can cool down and solidify
into igneous rocks

25. DO YOU KNOW?
• Rocks are made up of different minerals.
• Minerals are naturally occurring substances which have certain
physical properties and definite chemical composition.
• Minerals are very important to humankind. Some areused as
fuels. For example, coal, natural gas and petroleum. They are also
used in industries – iron,aluminium, gold, uranium, etc, in
medicine, in fertilisers, etc.

26. REFERENCE SLIDE
• 1) CLASS 7th NCERT TEXTBOOK PDF
• 2) GIF IMAGE OF EARTH-
http://www.animatedgif.net/earthglobe/eart
hro_e0.gif
• 4) IMAGES OF ROCKS,ROCK CYCLE, ETC.
FROM GOOGLE Images