Behaviorism is a learning theory proposing that all behavior is acquired through conditioning, influenced by external stimuli rather than internal mental states. Key figures include John B. Watson, who emphasized environmental influences on behavior, and B.F. Skinner, who developed principles like positive and negative reinforcement. This theory has applications in various fields, including education and psychology, particularly in techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy and behavioral activation.

1. BEHAVIORISM
BR. PETER TRAN THE ANH

2. Behaviorism is a theory of learning based on the idea that all
behaviors are acquired through conditioning, which occurs through
interaction with the environment. It suggests that behavior is
shaped by external stimuli and responses, without the need to
consider internal mental states like thoughts and emotions.

3. John B. Watson Burrhus Frederic Skinner Ivan Pavlov

4. John B. Watson (1857-1958)
- American psychologist
- All human behavior is a result of
conditioning or a result of past experiences
and environmental influences.
- Claimed he could take any child and train
him to become any type of specialist.

5. His most famous experiment was conducted in the winter of
1919 and 1920 with a baby known as Albert B.

6. B.F. Skinner (1904–1990)
- American psychologist
- Skinner was one of the most
important psychologists and
behaviorists. He developed
behaviorism theory which views
human behavior as responses to
environmental stimuli.

8. Positive Reinforcement: If
pressing the lever results in a
reward (such as food), the
animal is more likely to repeat
the behavior.
Negative Reinforcement: The
box may also use negative
reinforcement, such as
stopping a mild electric shock
when the lever is pressed,
encouraging the animal to
press the lever to avoid
discomfort.

10. Ivan Pavlov (1849 – 1936)
was a Russian and Soviet
experimental neurologist and
physiologist known for his
discovery of classical
conditioning through his
experiments with dogs.

12. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS):
This is a stimulus that naturally and
automatically triggers a response
without any learning needed.
• In Pavlov’s experiment, the food
was the unconditioned stimulus
as it automatically induced
salivation in the dogs.

13. Conditioned Stimulus (CS): This is a
previously neutral stimulus that,
after being repeatedly associated
with an unconditioned stimulus,
comes to trigger a conditioned
response.
• For instance, in Pavlov’s
experiment, the metronome
became a conditioned stimulus
when the dogs learned to
associate it with food.

14. Conditioned Response (CR): This is a
learned response to the conditioned
stimulus. It typically resembles the
unconditioned response but is
triggered by the conditioned
stimulus instead of the
unconditioned stimulus.
• In Pavlov’s experiment, salivating
in response to the metronome
was the conditioned response.

15. Unconditioned Response (UR):
This is an automatic, innate
reaction to an unconditioned
stimulus. It does not require any
learning.
• In Pavlov’s experiment, the
dogs’ automatic salivation in
response to the food is an
example of an unconditioned
response.

17. Operant Conditioning vs Classical Conditioning

18. Application

19. In daily life
The fish-farming gong
The lake's surface ripples
Suddenly the gong sounds in
succession
The gong signals mealtime
Echoes into the… fish area

20. Behavioral Modification
The findings from Skinner
Box experiments have
been used to develop
techniques for modifying
behavior, both in humans
and animals. These
principles are applied in
various fields, including
education, psychology,
and animal training.

21. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

22. Classical Conditioning
In CBT, classical conditioning can be applied in treatments like
exposure therapy. Individuals are gradually exposed to feared stimuli,
allowing them to break the conditioned response of fear or anxiety.

23. A behavioral technique that
helps patients gradually face
and reduce anxiety around
specific fears by pairing
relaxation techniques with
exposure to the feared object or
situation.

24. Operant Conditioning
Techniques like positive
reinforcement or punishment
are used to encourage
desirable behaviors and
reduce negative ones. This is
often seen in CBT programs
for treating addiction, where
patients receive rewards for
abstaining from harmful
behaviors.

25. Behavioral Activation
Used primarily for depression,
behavioral activation involves
encouraging patients to engage
in activities that bring positive
reinforcement, helping to break
the cycle of withdrawal and
negative mood.

26. Reinforcement
In behaviorism, behavior modification techniques like
reinforcement (rewards and punishments) are used to
change undesirable behaviors

27. Informative counseling and spiritual accompaniment
• Behavioral Modeling
• Habit Formation
• Behavioral Activation

28. Behavioral Modeling
- Individuals often learn by
observing and imitating
role models

30. Habit Formation
- Behaviorism is applied
to help individuals form
positive habits and
eliminate negative ones

31. Behavioral Activation
Commonly used in treating
depression, this technique encourages
clients to engage in meaningful
activities, such as socializing,
exercising, or pursuing hobbies, which
can create positive reinforcement
through improved mood and a sense
of accomplishment.

32. THANK YOU

33. • https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/behaviorism-in-29468076/294
68076#13
• https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/
• https://www.britannica.com/science/Thorndikes-law-of-effect