This document discusses different types of amplifier classes and their characteristics. It describes how class C amplifiers use a tuned circuit to generate a full sine wave output from a non-linear output and how class D amplifiers require a pulsed input signal. It also summarizes the advantages of class D amplifiers, including increased efficiency and reduced size, and lists some common uses like home theater and powered speakers.
This presentation contains the basic information you need to know about operational amplifier.
I have tried to cover all the basic info. If anything is left out or you have any suggestions i will appreciate it.
This presentation contains the basics of oscillators, types of oscillators & its mathematical Analysis. Numericals based on each type of oscillator are solved & given for practice.
in this slide you will learn what are classes of amplifiers and what is main difference between all classes of amplifier
and after reading this slide you will be able to explain all clases of amplifier
This presentation contains the basic information you need to know about operational amplifier.
I have tried to cover all the basic info. If anything is left out or you have any suggestions i will appreciate it.
This presentation contains the basics of oscillators, types of oscillators & its mathematical Analysis. Numericals based on each type of oscillator are solved & given for practice.
in this slide you will learn what are classes of amplifiers and what is main difference between all classes of amplifier
and after reading this slide you will be able to explain all clases of amplifier
A voltage amplifier circuit is a circuit that amplifies the input voltage to a higher voltage. So, for example, if we input 1V into the circuit, we can get 10V as output if we set the circuit for a gain of 10. Voltage amplifiers, many times, are built with op amp circuits.
This Presentation Of Classes Of Amplifiers which is based on class a b ab and c amplifier by Arsalan Qureshi student of Dawood University Roll no: D-16-TE-09.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
1. Amplifier Distortion
If the output of an amplifier is not a complete AC sine wave,
then it is distorting the output. The amplifier is non-linear.
This distortion can be analyzed using Fourier analysis. In
Fourier analysis, any distorted periodic waveform can be
broken down into frequency components. These
components are harmonics of the fundamental frequency.
1
2. Harmonics
Harmonics are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency.
If the fundamental frequency is 5kHz:
1st harmonic 1 x 5kHz
2nd harmonic 2 x 5kHz
3rd harmonic 3 x 5kHz
4th harmonic 4 x 5kHz
etc.
Note that the 1st and 3rd harmonics are called odd harmonics and the
2nd and 4th are called even harmonics.
2
4. Harmonic Distortion Calculations
Harmonic distortion (D) can be calculated:
An
% nth harmonicdistortion %Dn 100
A1
where
An is the amplitude of the fundamental frequency
An is the amplitude of the highest harmonic
The total harmonic distortion (THD) is determined by:
% THD D 2 D 2 D 2 100
2 3 3
4
5. Class C Amplifiers
A class C amplifier conducts for less
than 180. In order to produce a full
sine wave output, the class C uses a
tuned circuit (LC tank) to provide
the full AC sine wave.
Class C amplifiers are used
extensively in radio communications
circuits.
5
6. In Class C, the amplifying device is deliberately not
operated linearly. Instead, it is operated as a switch in
order to reduce resistance loss. The anode conduction
angle in Class C operation is usually made as short as is
possible. In effect, the tank circuit makes the RF output
sine wave--like a bell that is struck at a constant rate by a
hammer.
7. During the positive period of the input signal (On stage)
During the positive period of the input signal the transistor will conduct (On-state). You can imagine that the
transistor is a switch which connects the emitter with the collector.
What will happened now is that the current I1 (red) flow through the coil and then into the transistor and down to
ground. A magnetic field builds up in the coil depending on the magnitude of the current. At the same time the
voltage over the capacitor discharge through the resistor making another current flow I2 (blue) also through the
transistor. The I2 current passes the resistor (antenna) which radiate the energy.
During the negative period of the input signal (Off stage)
During the negative period of the input signal the transistor will not conduct (Off-state). You can imagine that the
transistor is an open switch. No current can pass through the collector to the emitter.
The magnetic filed which was build up in the coil will now collapse and generate a current I1 (red) which will flow
through the capacitor and into the resistor (antenna).
8. Class D Amplifier
A class D amplifier amplifies
pulses, and requires a pulsed
input.
There are many circuits that
can convert a sinusoidal
waveform to a pulse, as well
as circuits that convert a
pulse to a sine wave. This
circuit has applications in
digital circuitry.
8
9. The term "class D" is sometimes misunderstood as
meaning a "digital" amplifier. While some class D amps
may indeed be controlled by digital circuits, the power
stage deals with voltage and current as a function of time.
The smallest amount of noise, timing uncertainty, voltage
ripple or any other non-ideality immediately results in an
irreversible change of the output signal. A digital circuit also
uses physics to operate, but those same errors will only
lead to incorrect results when they become so large that a
signal representing a digit is distorted beyond recognition
10. Topologies
• There are basically two Class-D topologies - half-bridge (2 output devices are
used) and full-bridge (4 output devices).
• Each one has its own advantages. For example, half-bridge is obviously simpler
and has more flexibility as a half-bridge amplifier can be bridged as with classical
topologies. If it is not correctly designed and driven, can suffer from "bus
pumping" phenomena (transfer current to the power supply that can make it
increase its voltage producing situations dangerous to the amplifier, supply and
speaker).
• Full bridge requires output devices rated for half the voltage as an half bridge
amplifier of the same power, but it is more complicated. Figures 5a and 5b show
both topologies conceptually. Obviously, many components such as decoupling
capacitors, etc are not shown
13. Advantages
• Despite the complexity involved, a properly designed class D
amplifier offers the following benefits:
– Reduction in size and weight of the amplifier,
– Reduced power waste as heat dissipation and hence smaller (or
no) heat sinks,
– Reduction in cost due to smaller heat sink and compact circuitry,
– Very high power conversion efficiency, usually above 90%
above one quarter of the amplifier's maximum power, and around
50% at low power levels.
14. Uses
• Home Theatre systems. In particular the economical "home theatre
in a box" systems are almost universally equipped with class D
amplifiers. On account of modest performance requirements and
straightforward design, direct conversion from digital audio to
PWM without feedback is most common.
• Mobile phones. The internal loudspeaker is driven by up to 1 W.
Class D is used to preserve battery lifetime.
• Powered speakers
• High-end audio is generally conservative with regards to adopting
new technologies but class D amplifiers have made an appearance
15. • Active subwoofers
• Sound Reinforcement and Live Sound. The weight reduction makes
class D amplifiers more transportable. The Crest Audio CD3000, for
example, is a class D power amplifier that is rated at 1500 W per
channel, yet it weighs only 21 kg (46 lb).
• Bass amplifiers Again, an area where portability is important.
Example: Yamaha BBT500H bass amplifier which is rated at
500 W, and yet it weighs less than 5 kg (11 lb).
16. Class T amplifier
• Is an audio amplifier IC design. Rather than being a separate "class" of
amplifier, Class T is a registered trademark for Tripath's amplifier technologies.
• It is an implementation of Class D amplifiers, but is claimed to improve the
control scheme to create more efficient and higher quality audio amplification.
• The control signals in Class T amplifiers may be computed using digital signal
processing or fully analog techniques. Currently available implementations use a
loop similar to a higher order Delta-Sigma (ΔΣ) (or sigma-delta) modulator, with
an internal digital clock to control the sampled comparator.
• Despite Tripath's claimed increased performance at a price similar to class D
technology, financial difficulties caused Tripath to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
protection on 8 February 2007.