This document discusses programmed instruction and teaching machines. It notes that programmed instruction is an instructional strategy aimed at modifying learner behavior, not solving all educational problems. It helps students learn at their own pace through a controlled, step-by-step presentation. Teaching machines can provide individualized, self-paced instruction without a teacher being physically present. They provide feedback to students and assess student performance and learning.
Computers are a familiar sight in classrooms in the 21st century, and technology has been used to streamline many educational tasks. CAL started in the 1950s and 1960s mainly in USA. Term often used interchangeably with Computer-Based Instruction (CBI), Web Based Instruction (WBI), Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL), Computer-Enriched Instruction (CEI), and Web Based Training (WBT). Logo project was the first CAL system that was based on a specific learning approach.
Computer assisted learning,Computer assisted learning describes is to conveys a vast amount of information in a very short period of time.
It is a powerful method of reinforcing concepts and topics first introduced to students through textbook and discussion in classroom .
Podcasts to foster pre primary teacher-trainees’ home-based learning Dr. David Kabugo
In this presentation, we explore the use of Podcasts to Foster Pre-Primary Teacher-Trainees’ Home-based Learning During the Resurgence of Covid19 in Uganda
Computers are a familiar sight in classrooms in the 21st century, and technology has been used to streamline many educational tasks. CAL started in the 1950s and 1960s mainly in USA. Term often used interchangeably with Computer-Based Instruction (CBI), Web Based Instruction (WBI), Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL), Computer-Enriched Instruction (CEI), and Web Based Training (WBT). Logo project was the first CAL system that was based on a specific learning approach.
Computer assisted learning,Computer assisted learning describes is to conveys a vast amount of information in a very short period of time.
It is a powerful method of reinforcing concepts and topics first introduced to students through textbook and discussion in classroom .
Podcasts to foster pre primary teacher-trainees’ home-based learning Dr. David Kabugo
In this presentation, we explore the use of Podcasts to Foster Pre-Primary Teacher-Trainees’ Home-based Learning During the Resurgence of Covid19 in Uganda
Planeación de una situación de aprendizaje de inglés basada en la didáctica crítica y sus momentos de apertura, desarrollo y cierre. Para la materia de Modelos de Diseño y Desarrollo de Estrategias Instruccionales.
Moore instructional sessionlessonplan.docx (1)S. Moore
Intended Audience:
This specific session will be presented as a teaching demonstration as part of an interview, however; this lesson could be adapted to apply to all faculty and staff at Marymount College.
Duration:
20 minutes.
Learning Environment:
Online via Slideshare and Wordpress website.
Materials and Aides:
Power Point slides transferred to Slideshare. Slide presentation transcript. The “Instruction
Session Template For Slideshare Presentation” will include index cards with Power Point slides printed out one side and the script on the other. If utilizing a Blackboard
platform, “Collaborate Tools” will be utilized to promote participatory engagement. “Tools” include use
of chat box, pointing device, and the virtual hand. Presentation with Power Point Slideshare ONLY can be adapted to exclude “Collaborate Tools” within a library setting by having participants actually speak, raise their hand, and point to answer on screen.
Lesson Procedures:
Constructive Approach To Learning via “The 5 E’s” and “Discovery/Direct Instruction”
This presentation was used by me to help teachers at our community school to learn about Lesson Plans and Classroom managment. Feel free to download and use it
Ashwin Shah
21st Century School Presentation - Acorn High SchoolLisa Nielsen
This presentation provides an overview of how Acorn high school has made strides to become a school that prepares students for 21st century teaching and learning.
Defining Adaptive Learning Technology: What it is, how it works, and why it’s...DreamBox Learning
As online learning opportunities expand and blended learning models continue to evolve, it's critical to ensure education remains student-centered and focused on key learning goals. Whether students are in the classroom or using technology, it’s important for all of them to receive personalized, differentiated support as they learn. The use of "adaptive" learning technology is increasing as a way to improve the differentiation and personalization of learning for each unique student.
Attend this web seminar to learn from an experienced public educator, curriculum leader, and digital learning designer. Participants will hear about recent trends in adaptive learning, the pedagogical implications of adaptive technologies, and how digital experiences can empower students to think independently, receive specific feedback, and self-direct their learning
7 Surefire Tips for Remote Teaching: Make Learning EngagingKavika Roy
https://prepai.in/blog/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-elearning/
Remote learning stemmed from the requirements arising from sudden or unexpected events, like snowstorms, scheduled absences, or any other emergency situation rendering students and teachers unable to come for the regular classes.
Mostly confused with online teaching, remote teaching essentially moves the educational content to an online space and there are little or no discussion boards, group work, assessments, etc.
Online teaching, on the other hand, comprises interactive modules and assessments based on real-life scenarios and discussion forums for discussing and solving problems. The lectures are not recorded and the sessions are synchronous and involve problem discussion and resolution.
Hence, there is a subtle and significant difference between both the terms, despite them being used interchangeably by people these days.
Recent studies predict exponential growth in the global e-learning market and the market valuation to sit above 370 bn USD by 2026.
While the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has a major role in driving this growth, remote learning has been there prior to the pandemic as well.
However, remote teaching comes with a lot of challenges that not only affect the quality of teaching, but also the overall experience for both – the educators and the students.
As technology evolves and shapes our public discourse, and students continue to engage with technology on a daily basis, it becomes imperative for classrooms to serve as spaces to teach responsible uses of technology while meeting the diverse needs of students and the various ways they access technology. There is an additional level of urgency as our reliance on
technology shapes the economy, political discourses, and how we understand each other.
The Technology Integration Practices (TIP) Tools support school districts, schools, teachers, and
coaches in infusing technologies and pedagogy, tracking professional growth, and measuring instructional practices in support of equitable student learning. The TIP Tool includes: a District Assessment Tool, a Lesson Observation Tool and a Career Trajectory Tool.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING LEARNING MATERIALSvalarpink
Edgar dale’s cone of experience - projected aids: OHP, slides, LCD projector, Audio Conference, Video Conference, Epidiascope and Slide Projector - Non Projected Aids: Charts, Flash Cards, Printed Materials, Bulletin Board, Magnetic Board and Flannel Board. Need and important of Audio Visual aids – Types of Audio Visual Aids – Graphic Aids, Activity Aids.
Peace education is the process of acquiring the values, the knowledge and developing the attitudes, skills, and behaviours to live in harmony with oneself, with others, and with the natural environment.
Humour is, the one thing, which is enjoyed by all, irrespective of age, caste, gender, whatever. It is one thing which can bind us all and generate a positive and happy environment. Then why do most of us strive very hard to sulk and brood and contaminate the environment with negativity rather than smile, laugh and spread happiness and positivity.
Maladjustment is the common term used to describe an inability to maintain a stable relationship or adjust to changing environments.
Maladjustment is the inability by individuals, family, groups, community or society to be in sync with other individuals, family, group, community or society on differences and conflict with socio-political and economic reasons or ideologies.
From Psychological point of view guidance and counselling are needed because no individual can succeed in all situations or activities of life. For example, all students cannot do well in science courses. Only those who have an aptitude for scientific studies can succeed. Success in every situation or activity of life is determined by certain abilities and skills. Researches in Psychology have revealed that there are found marked differences among individuals with regard to these abilities, aptitudes, interests and skills. Everyone cannot do everything with equal efficiency.
Curriculum Change, Planning and Transactionvalarpink
Curriculum Change
With changing time, curriculum should also change reflecting the needs and aspirations of the people. There cannot be a uniform curriculum for all the countries for all the time, because education is related to social, economic and political changes in the country. Curriculum content should be based on current information and not on the past information that has been proved to be false or outdated and unusable. There is therefore need for constantly changing and updating the curriculum content.
Evaluation is the process of collecting data on a programme to determine its value or worth with the aim of deciding whether to adopt, reject, or revise the programme. The public want to know whether the curriculum implemented has achieved its aims and objectives; teachers want to know whether what they are doing in the classroom is effective; and the developer or planner wants to know how to improve the curriculum product.
Innovations in Teaching and Learning Processvalarpink
From an early age, play is important to a child's development and learning. It isn't just physical. It can involve cognitive, imaginative, creative, emotional and social aspects. It is the main way most children express their impulse to explore experiment and understand.
The philosophical basis of education emphasizes that philosophy is the end and education is the means to achieve that end. In other words, philosophy determines the goal of life and education tries to achieve the goal through its aims and curriculum.
A curriculum is the instructional and the educative programme by following which the pupils achieve their goals, ideals and aspirations of life. It is curriculum through which the general aims of a school education receive concrete expression
3. To provide training in (CAI/CMI).
To provide detailed computer knowledge to the pupils
To impart computer operational skills
To provide various experiences of computer education
for various fields of life
To remove various misconceptions regarding computers
To provide knowledge about computer applications
4.
5.
6. Characteristics
It is not the solution of educational problems. It is a new
instructional strategy for the behaviour modification of the
learner
It is a teaching method and not a test. It helps the students
in learning a material
It is not an audio visual aid. It is a part of educational
technology
It cannot replace the teacher
It requires more creativity and imaginative
efforts
7. Principles of Programmed learning
Principle of immediate confirmation
Principle of small steps
Principle of active responding
Principle of self pacing
Principle of evaluation
8. Types of programming
Question1
Linear Programming
of B.F.Skinner
Branched programming
of Norman Crowder
Answer 1
Question 2
Answer 2
Question 3
Answer 3
Question 4
9. Question 1
ALT 1a
ALT 1b
ALT 1c
Question 2
ALT 1a
ALT 1b
ALT 1c
Question 3
Frame 2
Frame 3
Frame 4
Frame 5
Frame 6
Frame 7
Frame 8
11. Benefits
To help student to learn without the presence of a teacher
To help students to learn by doing
To provide the situation to learn at his own pace
To present the content in a controlled manner and in
logically related steps
To study by himself and assess his own performance
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Constructed Response Devices Multiple Choice Machines
The Gilder Machines
Audio Visual Combination
The Type Writer input Computing Machine
The Disk Type Machine
17. Uses of Teaching Machines
No teacher can be a tutor to each individual.
But auto instruction can be tutorial instruction
Every student can proceed at his own rate of learning
Some machines have time limits also. The pupils know whether the
answers are correct or wrong
They provide feedback to the learner
They contain logically arranged well structured programmes
They supervise the learning of each individual student
They elicit overt or covert response of the student
19. Characteristics of a Model of Teaching
Criterion of performance
Specifications of learning outcome
Specification of environment
Specification of operations
What the student will perform, after
completing an instructional sequence, is
specified in detail
The learner would demonstrate after
completing specific instructional sequences
Mechanisms that provide for students reaction and
interaction with the environment
22. On observable skills and behaviours.
Eg: Mastery Learning
Linked more to the concepts and principles
developed in Cognitive Psychology
Inquiry Training / Inductive Thinking
Concept Attainment
Intellectual Development
On outcomes
Facilitative teaching
Increasing Personal Awareness
Synectics
Developing the concepts and skills needed to
work in groupsdeveloping the concepts and
skills needed to work in groups
Cooperative Learning
Role playing
Laboratory Method
23. ELEMENTS OF A MODEL
A syntax
• Description of the model in action
• sequence of steps involved in the organization of the complete programme of
teaching
Social
System
• Students and teacher roles
• Norms or the student behaviour which is rewarded
Principles of
Reaction
• Tells the teacher as to how to deal with the learner
• rewarding desirable behaviour and maintain a neutral stance towards undesirable
behaviour
Support
System
• To provide facilities to teacher and the student, to successfully implement the
strategy of teaching
• Provide a number of audio visual aids to cater to the needs of individual learner
24. Discipline associated with ‘Communication and Control’
The term cybernetic is
used by Norbest Wiener
(1948)
The science of control and communication in the animal
and the machine
Cybernetics is a branch of training psychology
28. Advantages of cybernetics in Education
It is applied in group as well as individual classroom instruction
It provides the basis for self education
Teacher education programme can be
improved by employing the mechanism
of feedback devices
The innovative practices in teacher
education programme are based on the
theory of feedback
The input, process and output
units of teaching enable the
teacher to understand and
analyse teaching in more
scientific manner
Teaching activities can be made highly structured