Downy mildew of grapes refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants. Downy mildews exclusively belong to Peronosporaceae. In commercial agriculture, they are a particular problem for growers of crucifers, grapes and vegetables that grow on vines. slide contains vivid descrition of the plant pathogen.
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This ppt illustrates and describes the two bacterial diseases included in the BSc Hons Program Syllabys Core Course III or DSC 3- Citrus canker and angular leaf spot of cotton
The bacterium Xanthomonas citri subspecies citri (also known as X. axonopodis pv. citri) is the cause of citrus canker. There are pustules on the fruit, stems, and leaves due to infection.
This ppt illustrates and describes the two bacterial diseases included in the BSc Hons Program Syllabys Core Course III or DSC 3- Citrus canker and angular leaf spot of cotton
The bacterium Xanthomonas citri subspecies citri (also known as X. axonopodis pv. citri) is the cause of citrus canker. There are pustules on the fruit, stems, and leaves due to infection.
by Christopher Philips, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Entomology, University of Minnesota.
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Characteristics of pet/virus , plant disease , pest life cycle, regarding and repeating plant disease , selecting treatment methods, Control plant pest / virus .
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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2. Contents
• What is the disease?
• Symptoms
• Causal organism
• Disease Cycle
• Control measures
3. What is the disease?
• A disease is a particular abnormal condition that aff
ects part or all of an organism and that consists of a
disorder of a structure or function.
• A condition of the living animal or plant body or of
one of its parts that impairs normal functioning and
is typically manifested by distinguishing sings and sy
mptoms.
4. Symptoms
• It is the most serious bac
terial disease.
• The disease affects the le
aves, twigs, thorns and frui
ts.
• All green parts and matu
ring fruits become more or
less covered with brown sc
abby spots surrounded by
dark-brown glossy margins.
5. • The lesions appear as s
mall yellowish spot, which
enlarge to a diameter of 3
or 4 mm. and become rais
ed and rough or spongy an
d turn brown.
• The market value of the
fruits is reduced, because
of the appearance of scabb
y lesions.
6. Causal organism
• Citrus canker is caused by Xanthomonas citri.
• It is a gram negative, monotrichous, capsulated bac
illus which is strictly aerobic in nature.
• It is 1.5-3 micrometer in length and 0.5-1.5 microm
eter in breadth.
• The bacteria does not produce endospores and can
not reduce nitrates.
7. • It is aerobic.
• Colonies on beef agar are circular, straw yellow to a
mber yellow.
• Nitrates are not reduced.
• The bacterium enters through stomata and wounds.
8. • The disease is favoured by mild temprature and we
t weather.
• From the cankers, disease spreads by driving rains
and insects.
• Man is also an important agent of dissemination th
rough infected nursery stock.
11. Control measures
• Various methods are adopted for the control of citr
us canker.
• Some important measures are as follow :
1) Complete destruction of diseased plant by burning
them.
2) Use of disease free nursery stock for planting.
12. 3)Spraying the plant before planting with 1% Bordea
ux mixture.
4)Antibiotic spray with streptomycin, phytomycin.
5)Spraying leaves with neem-cake (160 lbs/acre).
6)Disease resistant varieties.
13. References
• The DBS Handbook of Botany by : Lalit Kum
ar Dwivedi.
• Fungi and Allied organisms by : P.D. Sharma
•Plant pathology by : B.P.Pandey
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