This document discusses organizing and presenting data through frequency distributions and statistical charts/graphs. It explains that raw data must first be organized into a frequency distribution table that groups data into classes and tallies frequencies. Various types of statistical charts can then be used to present the data in a clear, understandable way, including histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives. The objectives are to organize data using frequency distributions and understand how to construct different types of charts and graphs for data visualization.
Professor Sana Rehman, Assistant Professor, SCMS Pune talks all about GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA.
Contents:
1. Terminology
2. Qualitative and Quantitative Data
3. Continuous and Discrete Data
4. Primary and Secondary Data
5. Meaning of Statistics
6. Importance of the Organization of India
7. Arranging data in a sequence
8. Grouping and Tabulation of Data
9. Tally table
10. Histogram
11. Bar diagram or bar graph
12. Frequency Polygon
13. Cumulative Frequency Curve or Ogive
14.
This presentation gives you a brief idea;
-definition of frequency distribution
- types of frequency distribution
-types of charts used in the distribution
-a problem on creating types of distribution
-advantages and limitations of the distribution
Topic: Frequency Distribution
Student Name: Abdul Hafeez
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Professor Sana Rehman, Assistant Professor, SCMS Pune talks all about GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA.
Contents:
1. Terminology
2. Qualitative and Quantitative Data
3. Continuous and Discrete Data
4. Primary and Secondary Data
5. Meaning of Statistics
6. Importance of the Organization of India
7. Arranging data in a sequence
8. Grouping and Tabulation of Data
9. Tally table
10. Histogram
11. Bar diagram or bar graph
12. Frequency Polygon
13. Cumulative Frequency Curve or Ogive
14.
This presentation gives you a brief idea;
-definition of frequency distribution
- types of frequency distribution
-types of charts used in the distribution
-a problem on creating types of distribution
-advantages and limitations of the distribution
Topic: Frequency Distribution
Student Name: Abdul Hafeez
Class: B.Ed. (Hons) Elementary
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Hello Guys and gals… I’m naveedtaji and welcome you in my textual life. I thought that I should tell you the way you can contact me in any form as I miss you all. I am addicted to the internet. Yeah I do… Love you all and always be looking to see you around me. Hahahaha So here is the list. :) I’m more social than your thinking.
¿Cómo se conectan los líderes mundiales en Twitter?B-M Latam
Twiplomacy 2013 es un estudio realizado por la multinacional Burson-Marsteller, especializada en relaciones públicas y comunicaciones estratégicas, que analizó 505 cuentas personales e institucionales de Gobiernos, Presidentes, jefes de Estado y de gobierno, Primeros Ministros y Cancilleres, entre otros líderes mundiales.
Disturbo depressivo maggiore e Decision-Making: Quale ruolo riveste il Cervel...Gianvito Lagravinese
Proponi un progetto di ricerca ideale che studi le relazioni anatomo-funzionali fra cervelletto e lobo frontale in un modello animale o umano.
ABSTRACT
• Contesto: Alcuni studi asseriscono che pazienti affetti da disturbo depressivo maggiore
dimostrano una compromissione della funzionalità esecutiva. Questa è rilevabile anche e
soprattutto nei pazienti con lesioni cerebellari.
• Obiettivo: Verificare il grado di compromissione della funzionalità di Decision-Making in
pazienti MDD e Cerebellari e verificare se l’attivazione del cervelletto predice la
prestazione dell’IOWA.
• Materiali e Metodi: Partecipanti: 90 soggetti di cui 30 affetti da Disturbo Depressivo
Maggiore (MDD), 30 Cerebellari, 30 controlli. Materiali: IGT, HARS, HDRS, MMSE.
Misurazioni: fMRI (SCA)
• Risultati Attesi: Ci si aspetta che lesioni cerebellari posteriori laterali compromettano la
prestazione dell’IGT. Si ipotizza che le alterazioni cerebellari identificate dalla letteratura
nei pazienti depressi possano contribuire alla compromissione del IGT. Tuttavia, i dati
contrastanti presenti in letteratura circa la funzionalità del Decision-Making nel MDD, non
permettono di fare assunzioni di sorta.
Summarizing Data : Listing and Grouping pdfJustynOwen
Introduction
Descriptive Statistics describe basic features of the data gathered from an experimental study in various ways.
They provide simple summaries about the sample via graphs and numbers, mainly measures of center and variation.
Together with graphics analysis (histograms, bar plots, pie-charts), they are the cornerstone of quantitative data analysis.
Tables (frequency distributions, stem-and-leaf plots, …) that summarize the data.
Graphical representations of the data (histograms, bar plots, pie-charts).
Summary statistics (numbers) which summarize the data
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http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
3.3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots
Introduction to Statistics -
Sampling Techniques, Types of Statistics, Descriptive Statistics,
Inferential Statistics,
Variables and Types of Data: Qualitative, Quantitative, Discrete,
Continuous, Organizing and Graphing Data: Qualitative Data, Quantitative Data
1. 2-1 Introduction
2-2 Organizing Data
2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives
2-4 Other Types of Graphs
2-5 Summary
2. Statistics, in a broad sense, is a collection of
methods for planning studies and experiments,
gathering data, and then organizing, summarizing,
presenting, and analyzing, interpreting, and
drawing conclusions based on the data
This chapter, along with Chapter 3, will present
the basic tools we can use to conduct statistical
studies.
3. To conduct a statistical
study, we must gather
data (values
(measurements or
observations) that
variables can assume).
◦ Data collected in its original
form is called RAW DATA
To describe situations, draw
conclusions, or make
inferences about events, we
must organize the data in
some meaningful way.
◦ Most convenient method for
organizing data is a
FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
4. After organizing the
data, we must
present them in a way
that is easily
understandable.
◦ STATISTICALSTATISTICAL
CHARTS &CHARTS &
GRAPHSGRAPHS are the most
useful method for
presenting data
We will be discussing
the following
statistical charts and
graphs
◦ Histograms*
◦ Frequency Polygons
◦ Ogives
◦ Pareto Charts*
◦ Time Series Graphs
◦ Stem & Leaf Plot*
6. A frequency distribution is the organization of raw
data in table from, using classes and frequencies
◦ Class is a quantitative or qualitative category
◦ Frequency of a class is the number of data values
contained in a specific class
7. Categorical Frequency
Distribution
Grouped Frequency Distribution
Used for data that can be
used in specific
categories, such as
nominal or ordinal level
data.
◦ Examples: Political
affiliations, religious
affiliations, major field of
study
Used with quantitative
data
Classes (groups)
included more than one
unit of measurement
8. Make a table
Tally the data
Count the tallies
Find percentage of
values in each class
using the following
formula:
% =
Find the grand totals
for frequency & percent
100•n
f
Class Tally Frequenc
y
Percent
9. Nursing Business Admin Education
Computer Info Systems Political Science Art
General Studies Nursing Education
Education Psychology Business Admin
Psychology Business Admin General Studies
General Studies General Studies History
History History General Studies
Education Computer Info Systems Nursing
Education General Studies Education
History
10. Definitions
◦ Lower Class Limit (LCL) is the smallest data value
that can be included in the class
◦ Upper Class Limit (UCL) is the largest data value that
can be included in the class
◦ Class Boundaries are used to separate the classes so
that there is no gaps in the frequency distribution
Rule of Thumb: Have one additional place value and end
in .5
Find class boundaries by subtracting 0.5 from each LCL
and adding 0.5 to each UCL
◦ Class Width is the difference between two consecutive
LCL
Find by subtracting LCL2 –LCL1
11. We must decide how many classes to use and the
width of each class using the following guidelines:
◦ There should be between 5 and 20 classes.
◦ It is preferable, but not absolutely necessary that the
class width be an odd number
◦ The classes must be mutually exclusive (nonoverlapping
values)
◦ The classes must be continuous (no gaps, even if
frequency is 0)
◦ The classes must be exhaustive (use all the data)
◦ The classes must be equal in width
12. Decide on the number of classes (given)
Determine the class width (given)
Select a starting point (this is the first LCL) (given)
Determine the LCL by adding the class width to
first LCL to determine next LCL, …..
Determine the UCL by subtracting 1 from second
LCL to obtain first UCL, then add class width to
determine next UCL…..
Tally the data
13. Find the numerical frequencies from tallies
Find the grand total of frequency
Class
Limits
Class
Boundarie
s
Tally Frequency
15. To organize data in a meaningful, intelligible way
To enable the reader to determine the nature or
shape of the distribution
To facilitate computational procedures for
measures of average and spread
To enable us to draw charts and graphs for the
presentation of data
To enable the reader to make comparisons
among different data sets