The document outlines the methods of presenting data, emphasizing three key approaches: textual, tabular, and graphical. Textual presentation involves presenting data in paragraph form, tabular presentation organizes data into rows and columns, and graphical presentation utilizes charts for visualization. Each method is illustrated with examples to facilitate understanding.

1. ﷽
Name:- Ali Asghar Jatoi
Roll No:- 011
Department BS English 2k20
Subject:- Introduction to Statistics
Topic:- Presentation of Data

2. Presentation of data and methods
of presentation of Data
Topic:

3. PRESENTATION OF DATA:
This refers to the organization of data
into tables, graphs or charts, so that logical and statistical
conclusions can be derived from the collected measurements.
Data may be presented in(3 Methods): -
1. Textual
2. Tabular
3. Graphical.

4. 1. TEXTUAL PRESENTATION – The data gathered are presented in
paragraph form. – Data are written and read. – It is a combination of
texts and figures.
Two types of Textual presentation:
Text/ statement Method: In statement Method we present the data in
written form.
Example Of the 150 sample interviewed, the following complaints were
noted: 27 for lack of books in the library, 25 for a dirty playground, 20
for lack of laboratory equipment, 17 for a not well maintained
university buildings
Stem and leaf Method: A way To graphically represent a data set by
category the data in which part of number is shown on the left side of
graph is called stem while the last digit is shown in right side called leaf.

5. Stem Leaf
1 0
1 5
1 9
2 1
2 3
3 8
5 6
Data: 10, 15 , 19 ,21, 23,38, 56

6. 2. TABULAR PRESENTATION – Method of presenting data
using the statistical table. – A systematic organization of
data in columns and rows.
There are three types of Tabular presentation:
• Classification
• Tabulation
• Frequency distribution
• Classification: It is process in which we present the data in different
groups and classes.
Example: Male | Female
50 | 61
Example: Pass | Fail
38 | 20

7. • Tabulation: it is process in which we present
the data in different Rows and Columns
along with title and subtitles
Pass Fail Total
Girls 38 20 58
Boys 41 8 49
Total 79 28 107
Title:- Result of 2k20 Bs English

8. • Frequency distribution: It is process in which
we present the data in different groups or
classes Alon with frequency.
Steps:
1. Find Range
2. Find no of classes
3. Find class intervals
4. Set the class limits
5. Make frequency distribution table.
Class limits Class Entries Frequency
18-34 18,28,30 3
35-51 40,46 2
52-68 53,53,62,65 4
69-85 69,73,81 3
Total number of
frequency are 12.

9. 3.Graphical Presentation: It helps us in
presentation and prediction, or shows a report
of how certain situation is in past and how it is
shows data through charts today / present.
There are Four types of Graphical
Presentation:
1. Bar chart
2. Histogram
3. Frequency polygon
4.Pie chart.

10. Bar Chart:

11. Histogram:

12. Frequency polygon:

13. Pie chart: