Chinese and korean art before 1279 boundless ppt

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Chinese and
Korean Art Before
1279 CE
The Middle Kingdom
The Neolithic Age
The Bronze Age
The Qin Dynasty
The Han Dynasty
The Six Dynasties Period
The Sui and Tang Dynasties
The Song Dynasty
Korea
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• Art of the Middle Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Middle Kingdom
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• The decorative arts are extremely important in Chinese art, and much of the finest
work was produced in large workshops or factories by essentially unknown artists.
• Much of the best work in ceramics and textiles was produced by Imperial factories
and distributed on a huge scale to demonstrate the wealth and power of the
Emperors.
• The two main techniques in Chinese painting are Gong-bi (meaning "meticulous",
and using highly detailed brushstrokes that delimits details very precisely) and ink
and wash painting (also loosely termed watercolour or brush painting).
• Artists from the Han (202 BC) to the Tang (618–906) dynasties mainly painted the
human figure, while the time from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song
period (907–1128) is known as the "Great age of Chinese landscape."
• Chinese ritual bronzes from the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties have exerted
a continuing influence over Chinese art.
• Large religious sculpture is nearly all Buddhist, dating mostly from the 4th to the
14th century.
Art of the Middle Kingdom
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Dong Yuan. Xiao and Xiang Rivers. 10th century
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Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Middle Kingdom

• Painted Pottery
• Liangzhu
The Neolithic Age
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Neolithic Age

• Yangshao artisans created fine white, red, and black painted pottery with human
facial, animal, and geometric designs.
• Unlike the Longshan culture, the Yangshao culture did not use pottery wheels.
• The Longshan culture was known for its highly polished black pottery and the high
level of skill employed in the creation of this pottery.
Painted Pottery
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Yangshao Bowl

• Liangzhu jade is characterized by finely worked large ritual jades, commonly
incised with the taotie motif.
• Other significant artifacts from the culture include its cong (cylinders) and Yue
axes (ceremonial axes).
• Liangzhu religious structures were elaborate and made of carefully positioned
piles of stones and rock walls.
Liangzhu
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Liangzhu Jade Bi

• Shang Dynasty
• Zhou Dynasty
The Bronze Age
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Bronze Age

• The Shang Dynasty ruled in the Yellow River Valley during the second
millennium, BCE.
• Tens of thousands of bronze, jade, stone, bone, and ceramic artifacts have been
obtained from the Ruins of Yin.
• While many Shang royal tombs have been raided, bronze vessels, stoneware and
pottery vessels, bronze weapons, jade figures, hair combs, and bone hair pins
were found at the intact Tomb 5 at Yinxu.
• Chinese bronze casting and pottery advanced during the Shang dynasty, with
bronze commonly being used for art rather than weapons. As far back as c. 1500
BCE, the early Shang Dynasty engaged in large-scale production of bronzeware
vessels and weapons.
Shang Dynasty
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Tomb of Fu Hao

• During the Zhou Dynasty the use of iron was introduced to China, China
witnessed the zenith of bronze-ware making, and written script evolved into its
modern form.
• Zhou art borrowed heavily from the Shang, as demonstrated by the practice of
casting inscriptions in bronze vessels and the design of the vessels themselves.
• Zhou art was also influenced by religious rituals and military instability.
Zhou Dynasty
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Zhou Bronze

• Art of the Qin Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Qin Dynasty

• In the mid and late 3rd century BC, the Qin accomplished a series of swift
conquests, eventually gaining control over the whole of China and creating a
unified China.
• During its reign over China, the Qin Dynasty achieved increased trade, improved
agriculture, and revolutionary developments in military tactics, transportation and
weaponry, such as the sword and crossbow.
• Qin Shihuang, the self-proclaimed first Emperor, is responsible for the initial
construction of what later became the Great Wall of China, which he built along
the northern border to protect his empire against the Mongols.
• The Terracotta Army, consisting of more than 7,000 life-size tomb terracotta
figures of warriors and horses, was buried with Qin Shihuang in 210–209 BC to
protect him after death.
• Prime Minister Li Si standardized the writing system to be of uniform size and
shape across the whole country, having a unification effect on the Chinese culture
for thousands of years.
• An attempt to purge all traces of the old dynasties led to the infamous burning of
books and burying of scholars incident, which has been criticized greatly by
subsequent scholars.
Art of the Qin Dynasty
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Qin Empire, 210 BC
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Qin Dynasty

• Philosophy and Art
• Architecture
The Han Dynasty
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Han Dynasty

• The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings
of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and
shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave
Confucianism exclusive patronage.
• During the Western Han period, grave goods were usually wares and pieces of art
that were used by the tomb occupant when he or she was alive. During the
Eastern Han period, new stylistic goods, wares, and artwork found in tombs were
usually made exclusively for burial.
• The Han Dynasty was known for jade burial suits.
Philosophy and Art
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Model of Han ceramic tomb

• Timber was the chief building material in Han architecture. It was used for grand
palace halls, multi-story towers, multi-story residential halls, and humble abodes.
• Thatched or tiled roofs were supported by wooden pillars, since the addition of
brick, rammed earth, or mud walls of these halls did not actually support the roof.
Stone and plaster were also used for domestic architecture.
• Valuable clues about Han architecture can be found in Han artwork of ceramic
models, paintings, and carved or stamped bricks discovered in tombs and other
sites.
Architecture
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The Gaoyi Que, a stone-carved pillar-gate (que)

• Painting
• Calligraphy
• Art and Architecture
The Six Dynasties Period
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Six Dynasties Period

• From this time we begin to know about individual artists, such as Gu Kaizhi. Even
when these artists illustrated Confucian moral themes—such as the proper
behavior of a wife to her husband or of children to their parents—they tried to
make the figures graceful.
• Xie He—a writer, art historian, and critic in 5th century China—is most famous for
outlining six points to consider when judging a painting, taken from the preface to
his book, The Record of the Classification of Old Painters.
• The six elements that define a painting are: 1) Spirit Resonance, 2) Bone Method,
3) Correspondence to the Object, 4) Suitability to Type, 5) Division and Planning,
and 6) Transmission by Copying.
Painting
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Luoshenfu Gu Kaizhi

• Chinese calligraphy is a form of calligraphy widely practiced and revered in the
Sinosphere, which often includes China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
• The various styles of calligraphy in the tradition adhere to a general
standardization. Chinese calligraphy and ink and wash painting are closely
related; they are accomplished using similar tools and techniques.
• In ancient China, painting and calligraphy were the most highly appreciated arts in
court circles; they were done almost exclusively by amateurs, aristocrats and
scholar-officials who had the leisure to perfect the technique and sensibility
necessary for great brushwork.
• Paper, invented in the 1st century, gradually replaced silk. Original writings by
famous calligraphers have been greatly valued throughout China's history; they
are mounted on scrolls and hung on walls in the same way that paintings are.
• Some of the most famous Chinese calligraphers, including Wang Xizhi, lived
during the Six Dynasties period.
• Wang Xizhi's most famous work is the Lanting Xu, the preface to a collection of
poems written by a number of poets who gathered at Lan Ting, near the town of
Shaoxing in Zhejiang province, and engaged in a game called "qu shui liu shang".
Calligraphy
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Palace Lady detail from Admonitions of the
Instructress to the Palace Ladies

• The Six Dynasties generally includes the periods of the Three Kingdoms (220–
280 AD), the Jin Dynasty (265–420), and the Southern and Northern Dynasties
(420–589).
• Although relatively short, the period of the Three Kingdoms has been greatly
romanticized in the cultures of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
• The Jin Dynasty was known for its miniature models of buildings used to decorate
the tops of "soul vases", as well as for its celadon porcelain wares.
• Literature was particularly vibrant during the Southern Dynasty and tended to be
flowery and frilly, while Northern Dynasty literature was rougher and more
straightforward. The Chinese arts of poetry, calligraphy, painting, and music also
reached new heights during this time.
Art and Architecture
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Jar of the Western Jin

• Art and Architecture
• Figure Painting
The Sui and Tang Dynasties
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Sui and Tang Dynasties

• From the Tang Dynasty (618–907) onwards, brick and stone architecture
gradually became more common and replaced wooden edifices.
• The earliest examples of this transition can be seen in building projects such as
the Zhaozhou Bridge completed in 605, or the Xumi Pagoda built in 636.
Nevertheless, stone and brick architecture is known to have been used in
subterranean tomb architecture of earlier dynasties.
• The tombs and mausoleums of imperial family members can also be counted as
part of the imperial tradition in architecture. These above-ground earthen mounds
and pyramids had subterranean shaft-and-vault structures that were lined with
brick walls.
Art and Architecture
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The Xumi Pagoda

• Figure painting reached the height of elegant realism in the art of the court of
Southern Tang (937-975).
• Buddhist painting and "court painting"—including paintings of the Buddha, monks,
nobles, etc.—played a major role in the development of painting.
• The landscape (shan shui) painting technique developed quickly in this period and
reached its first maturation.
• The painting of people also reached a climax. The outstanding master in this field
is Wu Daozi, who is referred to as the "Sage of Painting".
Figure Painting
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Yan Liben, Thirteen Emperors Scroll (detail)

• Neo-Confucianism
• Paintings from the North
• Paintings and Ceramics from the South
The Song Dynasty
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Song Dynasty

• Advanced in landscape and portrait painting heightened the the visual arts during
the Song Dynasty.
• The elite engaged in the arts as accepted pastimes of the cultured scholar-official,
including painting, composing poetry, and writing calligraphy.
• Emperor Huizong was a renowned artist as well as a patron of the arts and his
court entourage included court painters, calligraphers, poets, and storytellers.
• In philosophy, Chinese Buddhism had waned in influence but it retained its hold
on the arts and on the charities of monasteries.
• Buddhism had a profound influence upon the budding movement of Neo-
Confucianism, led by Cheng Yi (1033–1107) and Zhu Xi (1130–1200).
• Different clothing styles distinguished peasants, soldiers, artisans, merchants,
scholars, and officials.
Neo-Confucianism
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Wood Bodhisattva

• The shan shui style painting—"shan" meaning mountain, and "shui" meaning
river—became prominent features in Chinese landscape art. Distant mountain
peaks rise out of high clouds and mist, while streaming rivers run from afar into
the foreground.
• The Northern Song period (960–1127) was characterized by large, sweeping
landscapes, influenced by political ideals of bringing order to large societal issues.
• In contrast, the Southern Song period (1127–1279) was more interested in
reforming society from the bottom up and on a much smaller scale, and their
paintings similarly reflected smaller, visually closer, and more intimate scenes.
• The imperial courts of the emperor's palace were filled with his entourage of court
painters, calligraphers, poets, and storytellers. One of the greatest landscape
painters of the court was Zhang Zeduan, who painted the original Along the River
During Qingming Festival scroll.
Paintings from the North
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Snow Mountains by Guo Xi, located in the
Shanghai Museum.

• Trends in painting styles among the gentry notably shifted from the Northern
(960–1127) to Southern Song (1127–1279) periods, influenced in part by the
gradual embrace of the Neo-Confucian political ideology at court.
• Chinese painting during the Song Dynasty reached a new level of sophistication
with further development of landscape painting. The shan shui style painting—
"shan" meaning mountain, and "shui" meaning river—became prominent features
in Chinese landscape art.
• Southern Song officials were more interested in reforming society from the bottom
up and on a much smaller scale. Hence, their paintings often focused on smaller,
visually closer, and more intimate scenes, while the background was often
depicted as bereft of detail as a realm without substance.
Paintings and Ceramics from the South
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Song Dynasty ding ware porcelain bottle, 11th
century

• Three Kingdoms Period
• Unified Silla Period
• Goryeo Dynasty
Korea
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > Korea

• This period began circa 57 BCE to 668 CE. Three Korean kingdoms, Goguryeo,
Baekje, and Silla vied for control over the peninsula.
• Korean artists sometimes modified Chinese traditions with a native preference for
simple elegance, purity of nature and spontaneity.
• Buddhism inspired the Goguryeo kings to begin commission art and architecture
dedicated to the Buddha.
• Baekje Buddhist sculpture is characterized by its naturalness, warmness, and
harmonious proportions exhibit a unique Korean style.
• The Silla Kingdom was the most isolated kingdom from the Korean peninsula
because it was situated in the southeast part of the peninsula. The kingdom was
the last to adopt Buddhism and foreign cultural influences.
Three Kingdoms Period
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Goguryeo Moon

• The Silla craftsmen were famed for their gold-crafting ability, which have
similarities to Etruscan and Greek techniques, as exampled by gold earrings and
crowns.
• The most notable objects of Silla art are its gold crowns; they are made from pure
gold and have tree and antler-like adornments that suggest a Scythe-Siberian and
Korean shamanistic tradition.
• Unified Silla was a time of great artistic output in Korea, especially in Buddhist art.
Examples include the Seokguram grotto and the Bulguksa temple.
• Bulguksa is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism in the North
Gyeongsang province in South Korea. It is home to seven national treasures of
South Korea.
Unified Silla Period
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Seokguram Buddha

• UNESCO designated the Complex of Goguryeo Tombs as a World Heritage Site
because Goguryeo painting influenced a lot of art in East Asia, including the wall
murals of Horyu-ji in Japan.
• The murals portray Buddhist themes and provide valuable clues about the
kingdom, including its architecture and clothing. These murals were also the very
beginnings of Korean landscape paintings and portraiture.
• The inhabitants of Goguryeo wore a predecessor of the modern hanbok, just as
the other cultures of the three kingdoms. There are murals and artifacts that
depict dancers wearing elaborate white dresses.
• Goguryeo art, preserved largely in tomb paintings, is noted for the vigor of its
imagery. Finely detailed art can be seen in Goguryeo tombs and other murals.
Many of the art pieces have an original style of painting.
Goryeo Dynasty
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Goguryeo Mural Art

Appendix

Key terms
• archaic Of or characterized by antiquity; old-fashioned, quaint, antiquated.
• artifact An object, such as a tool, weapon or ornament, of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found
at an archaeological excavation.
• bronze A natural or man-made alloy of copper, usually of tin, but also with one or more other metals.
• Buddhism The religion and philosophy founded by the Indian teacher Gautama Buddha.
• calligraphy The art of writing letters and words with decorative strokes.
• celadon A ceramic ware with a pale green glaze.
• Confucian One who follows the teachings of Confucius.
• Confucianism a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucious
(孔 Kǒng Fūzǐ, or K'ung-fu-tzu, lit. "Master Kong", 551–479 BC). Confucianism originated as an "ethical-sociopolitical teaching"
during the Spring and Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical and cosmological elements in the Han Dynasty. At the
core of Confucian ethics were the selected virtues of filial piety, harmonious relationships, ritual, and righteousness. The
amalgamation of these ideas into a theological system involving earlier cosmological theories of yin and yang as well as the five
phases (i.e. natural cycles which governed Heaven, Earth, and Man) was first pioneered by the official Dong Zhongshu (179–
104 BCE).
• Confucius Western name of Kong Qiu (孔), an influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 – 479 .
• ensemble A group of separate things that contribute to a coordinated whole.
• fu poetry A form of Chinese ryhmed prose that was the dominant literary form during the Han dynasty, in which an object,
feeling, or subject is described and rhapsodized in exhaustive detail and from as many angles as possible.
• grave goods wares and pieces of art buried with the dead that were used by the tomb occupant when he or she was alive.
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE

• hermitage A house or dwelling where a hermit lives.
• Legalism term invented during the Han Dynasty, Legalism was a utilitarian political philosophy that did not address higher
questions like the nature and purpose of life. Instead it was a realist reform-oriented philosophy meant to strengthen
government and reinforce adherence to the law, stressing that government had to rely on a strict system of punishments and
rewards to maintain law and order.
• Legalism A philosophy of focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to
law over justice, mercy, grace and common sense.
• Neo-Confucian Describes a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism; it originated with
Han Yu and Li Ao (772-841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.
• Neo-Confucianism A moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism; originated with Han Yu
and Li Ao (772-841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.
• Neo-Confucianism A moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism; originated with Han Yu
and Li Ao (772-841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.
• Neolithic The New Stone Age, from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE.
• Oracle bones Oracle bones are pieces of shell or bone, normally from ox scapulae or turtle plastrons, which were used for
scapulimancy – a form of divination – in ancient China, mainly during the late Shang dynasty.
• piece-mold A method of casting in which the object to be created is first designed as a model, and then enclosed in a clay mold
that can be cut into pieces to remove it from the model.
• pillar a large post, often used as supporting architecture
• Qianling Mausoleum Tomb site located in Shaanxi province, China. It is 85 km (53 mi) northwest of Xi'an, formerly the Tang
capital. Built by 684 (with additional construction until 706), the tombs of the mausoleum complex house the remains of various
members of the royal Li family.
• Qin Shihuang The self-proclaimed first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty.

• rammed earth A construction material made by compressing or packing earth (dirt).
• shaft in architecture, the body of a column; the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base
• shan shui style ("mountain-water") A style of Chinese painting that depicts scenery or natural landscapes such as mountains,
rivers, and waterfalls, using brush and ink rather than more conventional paints.
• Silk Road An extensive interconnected network of trade routes across Asia, North and Northeast Africa, and Europe,
historically used by silk traders.
• sinosphere Areas and countries that have been heavily influence by Chinese culture.
• soot Fine black or dull brown particles of amorphous carbon and tar, produced by the incomplete combustion of coal, oil etc.
• Taoism a Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the 6th century B.C. that teaches conformity to the
tao by unassertive action and simplicity
• Taotie The Taotie is a motif commonly found on Chinese ritual bronze vessels from the Shang and Zhou Dynasty. The design
typically consists of a zoomorphic mask, described as being frontal, bilaterally symmetrical, with a pair of raised eyes and
typically no lower jaw area.
• thatched or tiled roofs a roof built with dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge, rushes, or heather, layering the
vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof, or with tiles.
• vitality Energy or vigor.
• Wang Wei (699-759) A Tang Dynasty Chinese poet, musician, painter, and statesman. He was one of the most famous men of
arts and letters of his time. Many of his poems are preserved, and twenty-nine were included in the highly influential 18th
century anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems.
• Warring States Period The Warring States period, also known as the Era of Warring States, is a period in ancient China
following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the victory of the state of Qin in 221 BC, creating a unified China
under the Qin Dynasty.

• Wu Daozi (680–740) A Chinese artist of the Tang Dynasty, famous for initiating new myths in his artwork. Wu Daozi is
considered to be the greatest Chinese painter in the Tang Dynasty. He is also considered by many Chinese to be the greatest
Chinese painter of all time.
• Zhang Zeduan (1085–1145) famous Chinese painter of the Song Dynasty. He lived during the transitional period from the
Northern Song to the Southern Song, and was instrumental in the early history of the Chinese landscape art style known as
shan shui.
• zoomorphic Having the shape, form, or likeness of an animal.

Main text of a Tang Dynasty copy of Wang Xizhi's Lantingji Xu by Feng Chengsu.
Throughout Chinese history, many copies were made of the Lantingji Xu, which described the beauty of the landscape around the Orchid Pavilion and
the get-together of Wang Xizhi and his friends. The original is lost, however some believed that it was buried in the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of
Tang. This Tang copy made between 627-650 is considered the best of the copies that has survived. Located in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Wikipedia. "LantingXu." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LantingXu.jpg View on Boundless.com

The Gaoyi Que, a stone-carved pillar-gate (que)
A stone-carved pillar-gate, or que (闕), 6 m (20 ft) in total height, located at the tomb of Gao Yi in Ya'an, Sichuan province, Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220
AD). Notice the stone-carved decorations of roof tile eaves, despite the fact that Han Dynasty stone que (part of the walled structures around tomb
entrances) lacked wooden or ceramic components (but often imitated wooden buildings with ceramic roof tiles).
Wikipedia. "Gao Yi Que2." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gao_Yi_Que2.jpg View on Boundless.com

Model of Han ceramic tomb
A Han ceramic tomb model of a multiple-story residential tower with a first-floor gatehouse and courtyard, mid-floor balcony, windows, and clearly
distinguished dougong support brackets
Wikipedia. "Han Dynasty pottery tower2." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Han_Dynasty_pottery_tower2.JPG View on Boundless.com

Luoshenfu Gu Kaizhi
Luoshenfu by Gu Kaizhi (344-406 CE)
Wikipedia. "Luoshenfu Gu Kai Zhi." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luoshenfu_Gu_Kai_Zhi.jpg View on Boundless.com

Liangzhu Jade Bi
Jade bi from the Liangzhu culture. The ritual object is a symbol of wealth and military power.
Wikipedia. "CMOC Treasures of Ancient China exhibit - jade disk." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-
_jade_disk.jpg View on Boundless.com

Portrait of the Zen Buddhist monk Wuzhun Shifan (1238)
Portrait of the Zen Buddhist monk Wuzhun Shifan, painted in 1238.
Wikipedia. "Chinesischer Maler von 1238 001." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinesischer_Maler_von_1238_001.jpg View on Boundless.com

Song Dynasty ding ware porcelain bottle, 11th century
The making of glazed and translucent porcelain and celadon wares with complex use of enamels was developed further during the Song period.
Wikipedia. "Song Dynasty Porcelain Bottle." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Song_Dynasty_Porcelain_Bottle.jpg View on Boundless.com

Palace Lady detail from Admonitions of the Instructress to the Palace Ladies
In ancient China, painting and calligraphy were the most highly appreciated arts in court circles; they were done almost exclusively by amateurs,
aristocrats, and scholar-officials who had the leisure to perfect the technique and sensibility necessary for great brushwork. Writing and painting were
done on silk
Wikipedia. "Nvshizhentu." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nvshizhentu.jpg View on Boundless.com

Ma Lin, Listening to the Wind (1246)
Southern Song officials were interested in reforming society from the bottom up and on a small scale. Hence, their paintings often focused on small,
visually closer, and more intimate scenes, while the background was often depicted as bereft of detail as a realm without substance or concern for the
artist or viewer.
Wikipedia. "Ma Lin 001." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ma_Lin_001.jpg View on Boundless.com

Yan Liben, Thirteen Emperors Scroll (detail)
Yan Liben was the personal portraitist to the Emperor Taizong.
Wikipedia. "Chen Feidi Tang." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chen_Feidi_Tang.jpg View on Boundless.com

Zhou Bronze
A Western Zhou bronze gui vessel, c. 1000 BC.
Wikipedia. "Western Zhou Gui Vessel." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Zhou_Gui_Vessel.jpg View on Boundless.com

Qin Empire, 210 BC
The coloured territories show the approximate extent of Qin political control at the death of Qin Shi Huang in 210 BC.
Wikipedia. "Qin empire 210 BCE." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qin_empire_210_BCE.png View on Boundless.com

Dong Yuan. Xiao and Xiang Rivers. 10th century
Dong Yuan painted the rolling hills and rivers of his native countryside using soft, rubbed brushwork.
Wikipedia. "Xiao and Xiang rivers." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xiao_and_Xiang_rivers.jpg View on Boundless.com

Detail of the original "Along the River during Qingming Festival" by Zhang Zeduan, early 12th century
Zhang Zeduan was instrumental in the early history of the Chinese landscape art style known as shan shui. Zhang's original painting of the Along the
River During the Qingming Festival reveals much about life in China during the 11th-12th century. Its myriad depictions of different people interacting
with one another reveals the nuances of class structure and the many hardships of urban life as well. It also displays accurate depictions of technological
practices found in Song China.
Wikipedia. "Bianjing city gate." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bianjing_city_gate.JPG View on Boundless.com

Snow Mountains by Guo Xi, located in the Shanghai Museum.
Guo Xi, a representative painter of landscape painting in the Northern Song dynasty, has been well known for depicting mountains, rivers and forests in
winter. This piece shows a scene of deep and serene mountain valley covered with snow and several old trees struggling to survive on precipitous cliffs.
It is a masterpiece of Guo Xi by using light ink and magnificent composition to express his open and high artistic conception.
Wikipedia. "Deep Valley." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deep_Valley.jpg View on Boundless.com

A Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks (晴), Li Cheng (c. 919 - c. 967 AD)
Li Cheng was among the great landscape painters from northern China.
Wikipedia. "Li Cheng,temple boudhiste dans les montagnes." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Li_Cheng,temple_boudhiste_dans_les_montagnes.jpg

Wu Daozi, The Teaching Confucius (685-758)
The painting of people reached a climax under the Tang Dynasty.
Wikipedia. "Confucius Tang Dynasty." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confucius_Tang_Dynasty.jpg View on Boundless.com

Tomb of Fu Hao
With over 200 bronze ritual vessels and 109 inscriptions of Lady Fu Hao's name, archaeologists realized they had stumbled across the tomb of the
militant consort to King Wu Ding, as described in 170 to 180 Shang oracle bones.
Wikipedia. "Tomb Fu Hao YinXu." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomb_Fu_Hao_YinXu.jpg View on Boundless.com

Crossbow men from the Terracotta Army, interred by 210 BC, Qin Dynasty
The spectacular Terracotta Army was assembled for the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China from 221–210 BCE.
Wikipedia. "Armee d'argile 03." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armee_d%2527argile_03.JPG View on Boundless.com

The Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army consists of more than 7,000 life-size tomb terracotta figures of warriors and horses, buried with the first Emperor of Qin in 210 BC.
Wikipedia. "Terracotta Army-China2." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg View on Boundless.com

Picture of Qin Dynasty Arcuballista Bolts shown with Regular Handheld Crossbow Bolts, 5th- 3rd century
B.C.
The crossbow was introduced in the 5th century BC and was more powerful and accurate than the composite bows used earlier.
Wikipedia. "Qinacruballistabolts." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qinacruballistabolts.jpg View on Boundless.com

The Xumi Pagoda
This square-base stone and brick pagoda was built in the year 636 AD during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907). It stands at a
height of 48 m (157 ft) and has been well preserved since its initial construction. The monastery that once surrounded the pagoda, however, has largely
been destroyed, with the exception of a few structures.
Wikipedia. "Xumi Pagoda 1." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xumi_Pagoda_1.jpg View on Boundless.com

Pottery Palace
Han Dynasty pottery palace created for elite burial, c. 2nd century BCE - 2nd century CE, Henan Provincial Museum, Zhengzhou, China.
Wikipedia. "Pottery palace 1." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pottery_palace_1.JPG View on Boundless.com

Jar of the Western Jin
Jar designs of the Jin Dynasty often incorporated animal, as well as Buddhist, figures.
Wikipedia. "JinJar." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JinJar.JPG View on Boundless.com

Northern Wei wall murals and painted figurines from the Yungang Grottoes.
The Chinese arts of poetry, calligraphy, painting, and playing of music found greater precedent during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, as their
sophistication and complexity reached new heights.
Wikipedia. "Buddhist paintings Yungang." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buddhist_paintings_Yungang.jpg View on Boundless.com

Longshan Pottery
Black eggshell pottery of the Longshan culture.
Wikipedia. "CMOC Treasures of Ancient China exhibit - black pottery goblet." CC BY-SA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_black_pottery_goblet.jpg View on Boundless.com

Wood Bodhisattva
A wooden and gilded statue of the Buddha (bodhisattva) from the Chinese Song Dynasty (960-1279), from the Shanghai Museum.
Wikipedia. "Wood Bodhisattva." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wood_Bodhisattva.jpg View on Boundless.com

A Han Dynasty Jade burial suit
A Jade burial suit is a ceremonial suit made of pieces of jade in which royal members in Han Dynasty China were buried.
Wikipedia. "Han jade burial suit." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Han_jade_burial_suit.JPG View on Boundless.com

Seokguram Buddha
Buddha at Seokguram in South Korea, World Heritage picture.
Wikipedia. "Seokguram Buddha." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seokguram_Buddha.JPG View on Boundless.com

Goguryeo Moon
Goguryeo Tomb Mural
Wikipedia. "Goguryeo moon." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goguryeo_moon.jpg View on Boundless.com

Yangshao Bowl
Human-faced fish decoration bowl, 5000-4000 BCE, from Banpo village, Shaanxi.
Wikipedia. "Banpo bowl." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Banpo_bowl.jpg View on Boundless.com

Goguryeo Mural Art
Ssireum, depicted on a Goguryeo mural.
Wikipedia. "Goguryeo-Gakjeochong-Ssireumdo-01." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goguryeo-Gakjeochong-Ssireumdo-01.jpg View on
Boundless.com

The Zhaozhou Bridge
The Zhaozhou Bridge, built from 595–605 during the Sui Dynasty. It is the oldest fully stone open-spandrel segmental arch bridge in the world.
Wikipedia. "Zhaozhou Bridge." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zhaozhou_Bridge.jpg View on Boundless.com

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