1) Confucian philosophy had a strong influence on Chinese culture, emphasizing concepts like morality, loyalty, and respect for authority. Calligraphy and painting were important art forms. 2) Chinese culture spans over 8,000 years of history divided into dynasties. Key dynasties included the Qin which standardized language and measures, and the Han which saw a peaceful and prosperous period. 3) Architecture followed a courtyard style with wooden structures. Painting used scroll and fan formats. Landscape painting illustrated Daoist principles, and ceramics were another important medium. Confucianism emphasized copying masters to honor past achievements.

1. Chapters 10 and 24: Chinese and Korean Art AP Art History Magister Ricard

2. Key Concepts Confucian philosophy is very important, permeates Chinese culture and thought Calligraphy is a highly respected art form Painting formats use scrolls, hanging scrolls, fans, and album leaves Architecture is based on courtyard style, stresses family and social status

4. Historical Background Chinese culture and history is as diverse and expansive as European culture and history Typically divided into dynasties Culture spans about 8,000 years uninterrupted Origins found in Neolithic culture

5. Historical Background China was united during the Qin dynasty Shihuangdi, emperor, 3rd century BC Standardized written Chinese, weights and measures, currency Started Great Wall Meritocracy, not based on familial ties

6. Historical Background Han dynasty formed (206 BC – 220 AD) Chinese enjoy peaceful, prosperous time Borders extended Silk Road founded and Central Asian lands acquired Links trade from China to Rome

7. Dynasties of China to 1279 AD

8. Chinese Dynasties After 1279

9. Patronage Calligraphy is the main form of artistic expression in China Public officials had to demonstrate mastery of it along with painting and poetry Pictographic – words represent ideas Typical commissions by religious or state interests Some artists painted for themselves, free of what others may think

10. Philosophy Chapter 10 and 24

11. Daoism and Confucianism Dao/Tao means “the Way” Begun by Laozi (604-531 BC) Creating harmony between human life and the Universe Dao cannot be named, only described Wu wei – strive for non-striving Be like water Emphasizes intuition

12. Daoism and Confucianism Confucianism Begun by Confucius (551-479 BC) Ideal attributes are loyalty, morality, generosity, humanity Political philosophy, stresses interactions, social standing and respect for authority Emphasizes duty, self-discipline, deference Attainment of equity

13. Daoism and Confucianism

14. Chinese Architecture Chapter 10 and 24

15. Basics of Chinese Architecture The pagoda: one design that repeats itself getting smaller as it ascends Courtyard style residence: structure on north side, courtyard to south, kept outside world out, multi-generational Used mostly wooden materials, painted Roofs were tiled, turned upwards to allow light in, rain out Walls for protection from weather, not structurally important

22. Chinese Painting and Art Chapter 10 and 24

23. Basics of Chinese Art Handscroll – horizontal and can be unrolled Hanging scroll – vertical and meant to be hung Scrolls were not allowed to be permanent in the home Silks are preferred for painters Text mixed with paintings; red markings are seals identifying the artist or owner

24. Basics of Chinese Art It is acceptable to write about the art Commentaries are written on final panel, colophon Landscape painting is meant not to reflect Nature, but to illustrate principles of Daoism Yin and Yang Porcelain is another important medium for Chinese art

26. Army of Emperor Shi Huangdi Shaanxi Province, China 210 B.C.E.painted terracotta

34. Confucianism and Art “I merely transmit, I do not create. I love and revere the ancients.” Artists followed Confucius’ notion Artists copied a master to learn and show the achievements of the past Declared artistic allegiance to a school or style Was not regarded as plagiarism, seen as honorable

41. Korean Art Chapter 10 and 24

44. Chinese and Korean Art After 1279 Chapter 10 and 24