African art has traditionally focused on spirituality and ancestors due to the cultural beliefs in ancestor worship and animism. Art forms commonly use organic and portable materials like wood, ivory, and textiles rather than stone due to the environment and serving purposes like masks in ceremonies. While architecture varies by region, mud-brick construction was prevalent for its practical benefits in the climate. In modern times, African art continues to be shaped by traditional cultural influences but now also engages with global art movements and issues.

1. Chapter 13 and 28: African Art AP Art History Magister Ricard

2. African Civilizations

4. Questions to Consider Why is so much of African art focused on spirituality, the spirit world, and the role of ancestors? What media do African artists prefer and why? What is the purpose of art in African culture?

5. Basic Ideas About African Culture Despite the vast differences, there are similarities Most believe in ancestor worship Ancestors never die and can be consulted Respect for family, blood ties, and the elders Fertility is worshipped Believe in animism, or spirits living throughout the world controlling natural phenomena

6. African Architecture Chapter 13 and 28

7. Characteristics of African Architecture Built to be cool for hot African environment Used lots of mud-brick construction, thatched roofs Mud-brick had to be watched during rainy season Most structures use organic materials, not long lasting Very few stone monuments

11. African Sculpture Chapter 13 and 28

12. Characteristics of African Sculpture Most artwork is portable Large, monumental sculptures found in Egypt but not in the rest of Africa Typical media is wood, ivory, and metals; stone is rare Sometimes used multi-media, attaching feathers, fabrics, beads Findings do not reveal use of pre-planning in artwork, sketches, etc. Bodies and features can be exaggerated Forms tend to be geometric abstraction, does not stress realism Masks are used in ceremony; important part of culture

22. African Art In the Modern Era Chapter 28