Childhood development
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This document discusses social-emotional development in children from infancy through early childhood. It describes how social-emotional development involves a child's experience and expression of emotions, and their ability to form relationships. Key aspects of healthy social-emotional development include positive relationships with nurturing caregivers, the ability to identify and manage emotions, develop empathy, and interact positively with others. The document notes that social-emotional skills are as important as cognitive and physical development for children's overall growth.
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Early Childhood Development
This document discusses development in early childhood from ages 2-6. It covers physical, cognitive, emotional, social and language development. Some key points include:
- Early childhood is subdivided into early childhood (ages 2-6) and late childhood (ages 6-puberty)
- Physically, children grow taller, heavier and stronger, and lose their baby features
- Cognitively, comprehension and speech skills improve as they learn to form sentences
- Emotionally, common feelings include anger, fear, jealousy and affection
- Socially, play is important for learning and includes toy play, constructions, games and pretend play
- Morally, development is low but children learn rules through discipline at
Social & emotional development
This document discusses emotional and psychological development from infancy through middle childhood. It covers key theorists like Erik Erikson and describes developmental milestones at each stage, including the development of emotions, social skills, autonomy and self-concept. Cultural influences and gender differences are also addressed. Challenges like aggression, fears, bullying and family crises are explored, emphasizing the importance of supportive caregivers in fostering healthy development.
Early childhood development
Early childhood spans from birth to age 5 and involves remarkable physical, cognitive, socio-emotional, and language development. Key physical milestones include walking, running, and fine motor skills like scribbling and cutting. Cognitively, children progress from sensorimotor thinking to representational thought, such as pretend play and understanding of symbols. Socio-emotionally, children develop self-awareness and understanding of emotions while learning social skills through family and peer interactions. This period lays the groundwork for further development across multiple domains.
Stages of child development
This document outlines the key stages of child development from infancy through adolescence. It discusses development in three domains: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. For each stage, it provides an overview of the typical physical growth and motor skills, cognitive abilities like language development and thought processes, and psychosocial milestones regarding personality, relationships, and independence. The stages covered are infancy, early childhood (ages 2-6), middle childhood (ages 7-11), and adolescence (ages 10-18).
Physical development adolescence
The document summarizes physical development during childhood and adolescence. It covers development of the brain, body, motor skills, problems in early childhood, growth in middle childhood, hormonal changes and puberty in adolescence. It also discusses physical and mental health issues during these stages including nutrition, sleep needs, physical activity, depression, use and abuse of drugs, and death in adolescence.
Stages or periods of development and learning
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Stages or periods of development and learning
early childhood (2)
Young children experience rapid development in their understanding of people and the world. However, their comprehension is limited compared to adults. For this reason, children must learn rules and morality through specific examples and experiences, as their memory and ability to understand abstract concepts is still developing. Several theories discuss children's moral development, focusing on obedience, consequences of actions, and increasing ability to consider reasoning. Effective discipline aims to clearly communicate approved and disapproved behaviors while motivating children to follow standards. Parental relationships and interactions with siblings are especially important for children's self-concept and social-emotional development.
Social and Emotional Development
This document summarizes several theories of social and emotional development:
1. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development which outlines 8 stages from infancy to adulthood centered around resolving crises of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry and more.
2. Bandura's social learning theory which emphasizes observational learning and reinforcement. It involves attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
3. Kohlberg's theory of moral development has 3 levels from obedience to social order and justice. It examines how children's understanding of morality progresses through 6 stages from punishment avoidance to upholding laws and ethical principles.
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Early Childhood Development
This document discusses development in early childhood from ages 2-6. It covers physical, cognitive, emotional, social and language development. Some key points include:
- Early childhood is subdivided into early childhood (ages 2-6) and late childhood (ages 6-puberty)
- Physically, children grow taller, heavier and stronger, and lose their baby features
- Cognitively, comprehension and speech skills improve as they learn to form sentences
- Emotionally, common feelings include anger, fear, jealousy and affection
- Socially, play is important for learning and includes toy play, constructions, games and pretend play
- Morally, development is low but children learn rules through discipline at
Social & emotional development
This document discusses emotional and psychological development from infancy through middle childhood. It covers key theorists like Erik Erikson and describes developmental milestones at each stage, including the development of emotions, social skills, autonomy and self-concept. Cultural influences and gender differences are also addressed. Challenges like aggression, fears, bullying and family crises are explored, emphasizing the importance of supportive caregivers in fostering healthy development.
Early childhood development
Early childhood spans from birth to age 5 and involves remarkable physical, cognitive, socio-emotional, and language development. Key physical milestones include walking, running, and fine motor skills like scribbling and cutting. Cognitively, children progress from sensorimotor thinking to representational thought, such as pretend play and understanding of symbols. Socio-emotionally, children develop self-awareness and understanding of emotions while learning social skills through family and peer interactions. This period lays the groundwork for further development across multiple domains.
Stages of child development
This document outlines the key stages of child development from infancy through adolescence. It discusses development in three domains: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. For each stage, it provides an overview of the typical physical growth and motor skills, cognitive abilities like language development and thought processes, and psychosocial milestones regarding personality, relationships, and independence. The stages covered are infancy, early childhood (ages 2-6), middle childhood (ages 7-11), and adolescence (ages 10-18).
Physical development adolescence
The document summarizes physical development during childhood and adolescence. It covers development of the brain, body, motor skills, problems in early childhood, growth in middle childhood, hormonal changes and puberty in adolescence. It also discusses physical and mental health issues during these stages including nutrition, sleep needs, physical activity, depression, use and abuse of drugs, and death in adolescence.
Stages or periods of development and learning
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Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
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Young children experience rapid development in their understanding of people and the world. However, their comprehension is limited compared to adults. For this reason, children must learn rules and morality through specific examples and experiences, as their memory and ability to understand abstract concepts is still developing. Several theories discuss children's moral development, focusing on obedience, consequences of actions, and increasing ability to consider reasoning. Effective discipline aims to clearly communicate approved and disapproved behaviors while motivating children to follow standards. Parental relationships and interactions with siblings are especially important for children's self-concept and social-emotional development.
Social and Emotional Development
This document summarizes several theories of social and emotional development:
1. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development which outlines 8 stages from infancy to adulthood centered around resolving crises of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry and more.
2. Bandura's social learning theory which emphasizes observational learning and reinforcement. It involves attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
3. Kohlberg's theory of moral development has 3 levels from obedience to social order and justice. It examines how children's understanding of morality progresses through 6 stages from punishment avoidance to upholding laws and ethical principles.
Late childhood stage
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Middle childhood spans ages 6 to 12. During this period, children experience significant physical and cognitive development. Physically, growth patterns change as children's bodies double in weight. Motor skills also improve, with children able to engage in more complex physical activities. Cognitively, children progress to concrete operational thought, allowing for logical problem solving skills to emerge. Morally, children develop from moral realism driven by rules to more autonomous reasoning. Memory and learning abilities also increase as selective attention and working memory develop.
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Presented By: Anvesh Chauhan, discusses socio emotional development in early childhood. Social emotional development includes the ability to experience and manage emotions and establish relationships. It is crucial for skills like communication, self-regulation, empathy and coping. Socially, children learn to interact with others and view themselves as individuals. Emotionally, they expand what emotions they can feel, understand emotions in others, and start regulating their own emotions. Successful social emotional development helps children establish peer relationships and initiative, while challenges can increase anxiety, sadness and behavior issues.
Parents and caregivers role towards child
Parents are the child's first role model. Children behave, react and imitate same as their parents. Parents play important role in encouraging and motivating their kids to learn. Good parental support helps child to be positive, healthy and good life long learner.The proper role of the parent is to provide encouragement, support, and access to activities that enable the child to master key developmental tasks. A parent is their child's first teacher and should remain their best teacher throughout life. Parental involvement not only enhances academic performance, but it also has a positive influence on student attitude and behavior. A parent's interest and encouragement in a child's education can affect the child's attitude toward school, classroom conduct, self-esteem, absenteeism, and motivation.
So, the role of parents and caregivers are very important for every child. Some of the renowned theorist have also have given their views and ideas through research.
Let's implement their ideas in our daily life.
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Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development. Related terms include developmental psychology, referring to development throughout the lifespan, and pediatrics, the branch of medicine relating to the care of children.
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Vygotsky placed emphasis on social contributions to development and the connections between people and their social context. He introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development, which is the distance between what a learner can do independently and with guidance. Within the zone of proximal development, scaffolding and reciprocal teaching can help students learn. Vygotsky challenged traditional teaching methods and argued for a more collaborative social approach where the teacher and students have shared roles.
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Early childhood development spans from infancy to around ages 5-6. It involves rapid physical, cognitive, and social-emotional growth. Physically, children gain height and weight each year and improve motor skills like jumping, hopping, and balancing. Cognitively, vocabulary increases greatly as does the ability to use language and represent abstract ideas. Socially and emotionally, children develop relationships with peers and start to evaluate themselves.
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This document discusses Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. It outlines Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning, including the pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional levels. A key aspect of Kohlberg's research was his use of moral dilemmas, such as the Heinz dilemma, to assess people's moral judgments and determine their stage of moral development. The document also notes some criticisms of Kohlberg's theory, such as the artificial nature of the dilemmas he used.
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Late childhood
This stage extends from 6-12 years and is called the latency period. It is marked by entry into formal schooling and physical and mental development. Socially, children form gangs and develop loyalty to peers. Emotionally, children learn to control outward expressions of emotions. Intellectually, there is a capacity to learn new skills and concepts introduced in school. Physically, it is a period of slow, uniform growth as motor skills improve and teeth develop.
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Early childhood from ages 2-6 is a period of rapid cognitive development. Children progress through Piaget's pre-operational stage, developing the ability for representational thought and pretend play. However, at this stage children have limitations in logical thinking and reasoning. They do not understand the concept of conservation or how to make logical inferences. Memory skills also develop during this stage, with recognition abilities stronger than recall. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes that cognitive development occurs through social interactions and guided learning from adults and more capable peers.
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- Early childhood is ages 2-6 and involves remarkable physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development. Late childhood is ages 6 until sexual maturity and brings increased independence and importance of peer groups.
- Both periods see development of skills, speech, emotions, social behaviors, and conceptual understanding, with late childhood bringing improved control and group orientation.
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During late childhood and early adolescence, children spend less time at home and more time outside with peers. They develop a sense of self-competence and industry as they acquire new skills. It is important for children to be provided varied opportunities to develop perseverance through successes and failures with sincere feedback. As children progress through this stage, they can describe themselves using internal traits and engage in more social comparisons, while also improving perspective-taking abilities such as understanding intentions and importance of social behaviors. Building friendships becomes important for emotional development and security. Family support is crucial to help children view failures as temporary rather than personal flaws.
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According to Erikson's psychosocial model, middle childhood is characterized by the crisis of industry versus inferiority. Children are learning new roles, talents, and skills in school. Their self-concept and self-esteem are developing through social comparisons with peers and feedback from others. Parenting styles and culture influence how children develop self-esteem and self-concept. Children also develop skills in empathy, emotional regulation, coping, and problem-solving during this stage. Adjusting to school, establishing peer relationships, and achieving academic competence are key developmental tasks in middle childhood.
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Middle childhood spans ages 6 to 12. During this period, children experience significant physical and cognitive development. Physically, growth patterns change as children's bodies double in weight. Motor skills also improve, with children able to engage in more complex physical activities. Cognitively, children progress to concrete operational thought, allowing for logical problem solving skills to emerge. Morally, children develop from moral realism driven by rules to more autonomous reasoning. Memory and learning abilities also increase as selective attention and working memory develop.
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Presented By: Anvesh Chauhan, discusses socio emotional development in early childhood. Social emotional development includes the ability to experience and manage emotions and establish relationships. It is crucial for skills like communication, self-regulation, empathy and coping. Socially, children learn to interact with others and view themselves as individuals. Emotionally, they expand what emotions they can feel, understand emotions in others, and start regulating their own emotions. Successful social emotional development helps children establish peer relationships and initiative, while challenges can increase anxiety, sadness and behavior issues.
Parents and caregivers role towards child
Parents are the child's first role model. Children behave, react and imitate same as their parents. Parents play important role in encouraging and motivating their kids to learn. Good parental support helps child to be positive, healthy and good life long learner.The proper role of the parent is to provide encouragement, support, and access to activities that enable the child to master key developmental tasks. A parent is their child's first teacher and should remain their best teacher throughout life. Parental involvement not only enhances academic performance, but it also has a positive influence on student attitude and behavior. A parent's interest and encouragement in a child's education can affect the child's attitude toward school, classroom conduct, self-esteem, absenteeism, and motivation.
So, the role of parents and caregivers are very important for every child. Some of the renowned theorist have also have given their views and ideas through research.
Let's implement their ideas in our daily life.
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Young child playing in squatting position
Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development. Related terms include developmental psychology, referring to development throughout the lifespan, and pediatrics, the branch of medicine relating to the care of children.
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Vygotsky placed emphasis on social contributions to development and the connections between people and their social context. He introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development, which is the distance between what a learner can do independently and with guidance. Within the zone of proximal development, scaffolding and reciprocal teaching can help students learn. Vygotsky challenged traditional teaching methods and argued for a more collaborative social approach where the teacher and students have shared roles.
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Early childhood development spans from infancy to around ages 5-6. It involves rapid physical, cognitive, and social-emotional growth. Physically, children gain height and weight each year and improve motor skills like jumping, hopping, and balancing. Cognitively, vocabulary increases greatly as does the ability to use language and represent abstract ideas. Socially and emotionally, children develop relationships with peers and start to evaluate themselves.
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The document defines childhood and provides an overview of child development. It discusses the differences between child growth and development, the stages of child development including gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, social/emotional and language development. It also covers the importance of early childhood education in preparing children for school and its long term benefits, including improved academic performance, social skills and increased lifetime earnings.
Late childhood
This stage extends from 6-12 years and is called the latency period. It is marked by entry into formal schooling and physical and mental development. Socially, children form gangs and develop loyalty to peers. Emotionally, children learn to control outward expressions of emotions. Intellectually, there is a capacity to learn new skills and concepts introduced in school. Physically, it is a period of slow, uniform growth as motor skills improve and teeth develop.
Early childhood (Cognitive Development)
Early childhood from ages 2-6 is a period of rapid cognitive development. Children progress through Piaget's pre-operational stage, developing the ability for representational thought and pretend play. However, at this stage children have limitations in logical thinking and reasoning. They do not understand the concept of conservation or how to make logical inferences. Memory skills also develop during this stage, with recognition abilities stronger than recall. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes that cognitive development occurs through social interactions and guided learning from adults and more capable peers.
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This case study observes 4-year-old Athena Bryson and analyzes her physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development based on several child development theories. Athena prefers speaking Filipino and interacting with girls. She displays normal physical skills for her age like hopping and catching. Cognitively, she enjoys pretend play and is very independent. Emotionally, she seeks help from teachers when needed. Socially, she loves being with friends and approaches people confidently. Scaffolding is recommended to help guide Athena's learning.
Adolescent
Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, cognitive, sexual, social and emotional changes between ages 11-19. It involves transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Common issues during this stage include mood swings, peer influence, experimentation with risky behaviors like drugs/alcohol, and developing identity and independence from parents. Parents can help by educating themselves, communicating openly with their teen, and setting clear rules and boundaries while also giving them privacy and independence.
Principles of Human Growth and Development
This document outlines the key principles and stages of human growth and development from conception through adulthood. It notes that development is a continuous process that proceeds in an orderly sequence at different rates from head to feet and from the center outward. The stages include prenatal development from zygote to fetus, neonatal development and milestones in the first years, preschool cognitive and motor skills ages 2-6, middle childhood physical and cognitive growth ages 6-12, adolescent physical changes and growth spurt ages 10-18, and adulthood with physical peak in early years and declines in middle to late adulthood.
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- Childhood spans from approximately ages 2-13 for girls and 2-14 for boys, encompassing both early and late childhood.
- Early childhood is ages 2-6 and involves remarkable physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development. Late childhood is ages 6 until sexual maturity and brings increased independence and importance of peer groups.
- Both periods see development of skills, speech, emotions, social behaviors, and conceptual understanding, with late childhood bringing improved control and group orientation.
- Hazards during childhood include physical illnesses or accidents as well as social isolation, inconsistent parenting, and peer rejection, which can negatively impact adjustment.
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During middle childhood, children's self-concepts become more complex as they develop personal and academic self-evaluations through social comparison. Self-esteem increases overall but becomes more nuanced, with both positive and negative self-views in different areas. Racial and ethnic identity also influence self-esteem development. Friendships transition through stages focused on behavior, trust, and personal sharing. Popularity relates to social competence and problem-solving skills. Gender and racial dynamics affect friendship formation. Family relationships remain important as children seek independence through coregulation with parents. Divorce, single parenting, and blended families present challenges but outcomes depend on supportive relationships and environments.
Childhood development
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1) Theories of social and emotional development in middle childhood focus on children developing skills and either a sense of competence or inferiority. Schools play an important role through teacher expectations, classroom environment, and peer relationships.
2) Social and emotional problems can include conduct disorders, depression, and anxiety which are treated through parenting programs, therapy, and medication if needed. Most children overcome challenges and are prepared for adolescence.
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Physical growth during middle childhood (ages 6-12) is slow but steady, with children gaining 2-3 inches and 5-7 pounds per year on average. Nutrition plays an important role in physical development, with proper nutrition linked to positive personality traits and undernutrition/malnutrition leading to physical, social, and cognitive difficulties. Rates of asthma have doubled since the 1980s. Around 2-5% of children experience depression, which can be treated through counseling or controversially with drugs. Other conditions like ADHD, learning disabilities, and sensory impairments also impact around 5% of children.
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Children in late childhood spend less time at home and more time outside with peers. They develop a stronger sense of self-competence and perspective-taking abilities. Emotional intelligence also increases, including skills like self-awareness, self-control, understanding others' emotions, and resolving problems. Close peer relationships and family support are important for socio-emotional development during this stage.
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During middle childhood, children experience significant physical growth and development. On average, children grow 2-3 inches per year and gain 5-7 pounds. Their bodies become more muscular and strong. About 10-15% of children are overweight or obese, which can negatively impact both physical and mental health. Children also develop fine motor skills needed for tasks like writing and tying shoes. Psychologically, around 20% of children experience disorders like depression or anxiety, though treatments are still debated. Many children also have special needs involving vision, hearing, speech, learning, or attention.
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Preschool children are in Erik Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development known as Industry vs. Inferiority. In this stage, children begin to attend school and focus on schoolwork. They want to learn new skills and complete tasks independently. Feelings of inferiority can develop if a child feels they are unable to finish their work or master new concepts. With encouragement from parents and teachers, children can build self-esteem and confidence in their own abilities.
Chapters 9 and 10 life span development
Children in middle childhood experience significant physical and cognitive development. Physically, they grow taller and gain weight each year. Cognitively, they progress from concrete to more abstract thought and gain logical reasoning abilities. Socially, they form close friendships and develop a sense of self through comparisons to peers. However, issues like bullying, obesity, and low self-esteem can negatively impact development during these years.
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This document discusses social-emotional development in children. It explains that social-emotional development involves a child's experience and expression of emotions, and their ability to develop positive relationships. Key aspects of healthy social-emotional development include positive relationships with caregivers from an early age and the ability to identify, understand, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. The development of social-emotional skills is important as it lays the foundation for children's future academic and social success.
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The document discusses several resources for how teachers support children's social and emotional development. It summarizes key points from books and articles on creating caring classrooms, implementing emotion-centered curriculums, and the importance of social emotional learning. Many of the resources emphasize the role of safe, responsive environments and caring teacher-child relationships in promoting social skills, self-regulation, and reducing problem behaviors. Effective strategies discussed include morning meetings, arts integration, modeling emotions, play-based learning, and addressing the needs of the whole child.
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Childhood development
- 2. Elements of Social-Emotional Development ▪ Acting:Interacting with teachers and peers in positive ways. Inhibiting negative impulses. Solving problems with independence. ▪ Feeling:Identifying emotions in themselves and others. Managing strong ▪ Thinking:Focusing attention on a lesson or an activity. Screening distractions. Planning steps or strategies to complete a task or an activity.
- 3. Social-Emotional Development ▪ Child’s experience ▪ Expression ▪ Management of emotions and the ability to establish positive and rewarding relationships with others (Cohen and others 2005). ▪ Encompasses both Intra-and interpersonal processes
- 4. Healthy Social-Emotional Development ▪ Infants and toddlers need positive ongoing relationships with familiar, nurturing adults. ▪ Attuned to social and emotional stimulation.
- 5. Emotional Development ▪ Ability to identify and understand one’s own feelings ▪ Accurately read and comprehend emotional states in others ▪ Manage strong emotions and their expression in a constructive manner ▪ Develop empathy for others ▪ Establish and maintain relationships (National
- 6. Newborns and development Newborns appear to attend more to stimuli that resemble faces (Johnson and others, 1991). They also prefer their mothers voices to the voices of other women (DeCasper and Fifer, 1980).
- 7. Infants ▪ Experience, Express, and Perceive emotions before they fully understand them. ▪ Learning to recognize, label, manage, and communicate their emotions and attempt to connect them with: ▪ Family ▪ Peers ▪ Teachers ▪ Community
- 8. Infants and relationships ▪ Infants develop close relationships with children they know over a period of time. ▪ Children in the family child care setting or neighborhood. ▪ Relationships with peers provide young children with the opportunity to develop strong social connections.
- 9. Infant/Toddler Years ▪ Children begin to develop an understanding of the responses, communication, emotional, expression, and actions of other people. ▪ This development includes infants understanding of what to expect from others, and how to engage in back-
- 10. Young Children and Development ▪ Young children who exhibit healthy social, emotional, and behavioral adjustment are more likely to have good academic performance in elementary school (Cohen and others, 2007).
- 11. Why is Social-Emotional Development Important? ▪ Child’s social emotional development is as important as their cognitive and physical development. ▪ It is important to know that children are not born with social-emotional skills. It is the role of the parents, caregivers, and teachers of children to teach and foster these abilities (Moore, 1992)
- 12. Is this relevant to me personally? ▪ Absolutely! I have always love kids of all ages, I raised my little brother and sister, started babysitting at age eleven and had my own home daycare for a year and a half before I here. ▪ Learning social-emotional development helped with what to teach the children I was watching as well as what to
- 13. Could This Content be of Use in My Professional Life? ▪ Yes, my career choice is to become a teacher. Whether it is in elementary or high school, social-emotional development will help me teach and connect with students, as well as know the reason why one student may act one way and another student another
- 14. Red Flags for Social-Emotional Development (2 Years) Youshouldtalktoyourdoctoror anotherhealthprofessionalif these occur. ▪ Does not imitate other people ▪ Constantly moves from one activity to another ▪ Does not show any interest in other children ▪ Too passive, does not want to try new things ▪ Has extreme difficulty waiting for items he wants
- 15. Red Flags for Social-Emotional Development (3 Years) Youshouldtalkto yourdoctoror anotherhealthprofessionalif these occur. ▪ Is not interested in pretend play ▪ Extreme difficulty separating from you ▪ Not responding to simple interactions with other children ▪ Showing abnormal aggression ▪ Shows extreme fear that interferes with daily activities
- 16. References ▪ http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re /itf09socemodev.asp ▪ http://ecdc.syr.edu/wp- content/uploads/2013/01/Bullet inSocialEmotionalDevelopmen t2.pdf ▪ http://www.tkcalifornia.org/tea ching-tools/social-emotional/