Chemical machining is a nontraditional machining process that removes metal from a workpiece by immersing it in a chemical solution. The process involves masking areas of the workpiece to be protected, then etching away the exposed material with an acidic or alkaline solution. Chemical machining can produce complex parts with close tolerances and is used for applications such as MEMS and semiconductor devices that require micro-scale features. The key steps of chemical machining include cleaning the workpiece, applying a photoresist mask, exposing the mask to create the desired pattern, etching, and removing the mask.
Electrochemical Machining (ECM) has established itself as one of the major alternatives to conventional methods of machining difficult - to - cut materials of and generating complex contours, without inducing residual stress and tool wear.
This seminar is devoted to the study of influences of variable ECM parameters like applied voltage and feed rate keeping other parameters constant on the surface roughness (Ra) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
Electrochemical Machining (ECM) has established itself as one of the major alternatives to conventional methods of machining difficult - to - cut materials of and generating complex contours, without inducing residual stress and tool wear.
This seminar is devoted to the study of influences of variable ECM parameters like applied voltage and feed rate keeping other parameters constant on the surface roughness (Ra) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
CHEMICAL MACHINING - NON TRADITIONAL MACHININGSajal Tiwari
The chemical machining processes include those wherein material removal is accomplished by a chemical reaction, sometimes assisted by electrical or thermal energy applications. This group includes chemical milling, photochemical machining, and thermo-chemical machining.
Micro machining and classification, and Electro chemical micro machining Elec...Mustafa Memon
A detail description of Micro machining, its classification
Electro chemical micro machining
Electric Discharge Micro machining
micro turning
their resource and application
By Muhammad Mustafa memon
BE Qucest larkana
ME MUET jamshoro
Chemical Machining Process and its Types.Umar Saeed
The detail overview on how chemical machining removes material to produce high quality parts, its different processes and types. I also includes figure and video which will help you understand the process easily.
CHEMICAL MACHINING - NON TRADITIONAL MACHININGSajal Tiwari
The chemical machining processes include those wherein material removal is accomplished by a chemical reaction, sometimes assisted by electrical or thermal energy applications. This group includes chemical milling, photochemical machining, and thermo-chemical machining.
Micro machining and classification, and Electro chemical micro machining Elec...Mustafa Memon
A detail description of Micro machining, its classification
Electro chemical micro machining
Electric Discharge Micro machining
micro turning
their resource and application
By Muhammad Mustafa memon
BE Qucest larkana
ME MUET jamshoro
Chemical Machining Process and its Types.Umar Saeed
The detail overview on how chemical machining removes material to produce high quality parts, its different processes and types. I also includes figure and video which will help you understand the process easily.
Chemical Machining Power Point Prensentation.
PRESENTED BY:
ATRIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2018 BATCH
1AT18ME003 Adwaith Krishna
1AT18ME004 Aishwarya s
1AT18ME006 Ashish B Raikar
1AT18ME008 Avdhesh Kumar Singh
1AT18ME009 Avinash V
It's a presentation prepared by me on Chemical milling a type of non traditional machining process to help the students to know the key concept about it.
Chemical Machining is the process of removal of material from the workpiece using chemical reactions by immersing the workpiece into a chemical solution.
Chemical Machining is a process used for metal removal purpose by dissolution in a controlled manner from the workpiece by the application of acidic or alkaline solution and this solution is called etchant.
The chemical machining process is widely used to produce micro-components for various industrial applications like micro electrochemical systems (MEMS) and semiconductor industries.
Lab Layout
Study of construction details and working of lathe trainer
Study of Chemical machining and process of chemical machining
Roughing and Finishing Program - Rectangular Pocket
One Step Finishing Cycle Program - Rectangular Pocket
Write a G-Code Program for the Part Shown Below
A typical round part used for CNC programming and machining.
Circular pocket cutting
Slot milling
Slot finishing
00923006902338
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
3. What is Chemical machining
(CHM)?
• Chemical machining that removes metal from a workpiece by
immersing it into a chemical solution.
• Chemical machining (also known as photo chemical machining or
PCM, photofabrication, or photo chemical milling) is a process
through which decorative metal items and precision metal parts are
formed.
• Chemical machining is a well known nontraditional machining
Photofabrication Engineering, Inc. (PEI) has perfected the Chemical
Machining process, starting with the creation of phototools from a
fully-dimensional drawing or CAD file supplied by the customer.
4. Cont…….(CHM)
• process is the controlled
chemical dissolution of the
machined workpiece
material by contact with a
strong acidic or alkaline
chemical reagent .
• the machining method is
widely used to produce
micro-components for
various industrial
applications such as micro
electromechanical
systems(MEMS) and
semiconductor industries.
5. History of the chemical
machining processs.
• machining method which is used to shape copper
with citric acid in the Ancient Egypt in 2300 BC .
• Until the 19th century this process was widely
used for decorative etching. The development of
photography provided a new dimension to
chemical machining .
• William Fox Talbot (1852) patented a process for
etching copper with ferric chloride, using a
photoresist .
• John Baynes, in1888, described a process for
etching material on two sides using aphotoresist
which was patented in the USA (US Patent No:
378423).
• The main industrial application of chemical
machining developed after the war.
6. Steps of chemical machining
Chemical machining process has several steps for producing
machine parts. These are given below:
1- Workpiece preparation:
The workpiece material has to be cleaned in the beginning of chemical
machining process.
• The cleaning operation is carried out to remove the oil, grease, dust, rust
or any substance from the surface of material.
• A good cleaning process produces a good adhesion of the masking
material.
• There are two cleaning methods:
mechanical and chemical methods , the most widely used cleaning
process is chemical method due to less damages occurred comparing to
mechanical one.
Ultrasonic cleaning machine is applied with using special cleaning
solution and heating is beneficial during the cleaning process.
7. 2. Coating with masking material:
• The next step is the coating cleaned
workpiece material with masking
material.
• The selected masking material should be
readily strippable mask,
• which is chemically impregnable and
adherent enough to stand chemical
abrasion during etching.
8. 3. Scribing of the mask:
This step is guided by templates to expose the areas that receive
chemical machining process.
The selection of mask depends on the size of the workpiece
material, the number of parts to be produced, and the desired
detail geometry. Silk-screen masks are preferred for shallow
cuts requiring close dimensional tolerances.
9. Etching (micro
fabrication)
4. Etching:
• This step is the most important stage to
produce the required component from
the sheet material.
• This stage is carried out by immerse
type etching machine.
• The workpiece material is immersed
into selected etchant and the
uncovered areas were machined.
• This process is generally carried out in
elevated temperatures which are
depended on the etched material. Then
the etched workpiece is rinsed to clean
etchant from machined surface.
10. 5. Demasking- Cleaning masking material( the maskant
is removed from the part):
• Final step is to remove masking material from etched part.
The inspections of the dimensions and surface quality are
completed before packaging the finished part.
• Masking material which is called maskant is used to
protect workpiece surface from chemical etchant.
• Polymer or rubber based materials are generally used for
masking procedure.
11. 1. Tough enough to withstand handling
2. Well adhering to the workpiece surface
3. Easy scribing
4. Inert to the chemical reagent used
5. Able to withstand the heat used during
chemical machining
6. Easy removal after chemical machining
etching
12. Types of masks used in CHM
• Cut and peel masks.
• Screen resist masks.
• Photo resist masks.
13. Cut and peel maskants
• Film of chemically resistant material is applied to
the work piece by dipping, spraying or flow coating.
• Vinyl, styrene and buta diene are used.
• Rubbery film is then cut & peeled away selectively.
• Manual scribing of mask material usually achieves
an accuracy of ±0.13 mm to ±0.75 mm.
14. Screen resist maskants
• Mask material is applied to the work piece
surface by printing, using stencils and a fine
polyester or stainless steel mesh screen.
• Relatively thin coatings with tolerances held
to ±0.05 to ±0.18 mm are obtained by
screen printing.
• Etching depths are restricted to about 1.5
mm because of thinness of the coating.
15. Photo resist maskants
• Photo resist mask is quite widely used & is often
referred to as photochemical machining.
• Produces intricate & finely detailed shapes using a
light activated resist materials.
• WP coated with photo resist material & a master
transparency is held against the WP, while exposure
to UV rays takes place.
• Light activates the photo resist material in those
areas corresponding to opaque parts.
• Tolerances of ±0.025 to 0.005 mm can be produced.
17. Chemical milling
1. In chemical milling, shallow cavities are
produced on plates, sheets, forgings and
extrusions.
2. The two key materials used in chemical
milling process are etchant and maskant.
3. Etchants are acid or alkaline solutions
maintained within controlled ranges of
chemical composition and temperature.
4. Maskants are specially designed
elastomeric products that are hand
strippable and chemically resistant to the
harsh etchants.
5. Chemical milling is used in the aerospace
industry to remove shallow layers of
material from large aircraft components
missile skin panels extruded parts for
airframes.
18. Chemical blanking
• Chemical blanking is used to etch entirely through a
metal part.
• In chemical blanking, holes and slots that penetrate
entirely through the material are produced, usually
in thin sheet materials.
• Used to produce fine screens, flat springs, etc…
• Very cheap but efficient.
19. Figure 2 : parts profiled by chemical
blanking process
20. Chemical Engraving
Chemical Engraving is the practice of incising a design on
to a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it.
The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when
silver, gold, steel or glass are engraved, or may provide
an printing plate, of copper or another metal, for printing
images on paper as prints or illustrations; these images.
Types of engraving
• Wood Engraving
• Copper and Steel Engravings
• Laser engraving
21. Photo Chemical Machining (PCM)
Process steps for photochemical
machining
• Photochemical machining (PCM), also
known as photochemical milling or
photo etching, is the process of
fabricating sheet metal components
using a photo resist and etchants to
corrosively machine away selected
areas.
• PCM can be used on virtually any
commercially available metal or alloy,
of any hardness. It is limited materials
0.0005 to 0.080 in (0.013 to 2.0 mm)
thick. Metals include aluminium,
brass, copper, inconel, manganese,
nickel, silver, steel, stainless steel,
zinc and titanium
22. Applications
• Thin gauge (under 0.050 in (1.3 mm)) parts in a broad range of alloys
are candidates for photo etching.
• Industrial applications include fine screens and meshes.
• Battery grids
• fuelcell components
• sensors,
• springs
• pressure membranes
• RF and microwave circuits and components, semiconductor
• leadframes
23. Characteristics Of Chemical Machining
• Shallow removal of material (up to 12mm)
• Blanking of thin sheets.
• Low tooling and equipment cost.
• Suitable for low production runs.
• Material removal rate(0.1mm/min)
24. The Benefits of Chemical
Machining
• No effect on the metal properties
• Burr free metal parts
• Low cost tooling
• Quick turnaround & Affordable short runs
25. Conclusion
• Chemical machining is widely used to
produce complex
• machine parts for various application as
well as decorative parts.
• The machining operation should be carried
out carefully to
• produce a desired geometry.