Characterization and sharing of quinoa's biodiversity

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Quinoa was domesticated over 7,000 years ago in the Andes but was later rejected during the Spanish conquest. It has since been rediscovered and its production has spread globally. Quinoa exhibits high genetic diversity with five major ecotypes that have adapted to different environments in the Andes. Its genetic resources are important for further adaptation as production expands worldwide. Quinoa is a model crop as its biodiversity supports marginal environments, agroecological practices, nutrition, small farmer incomes and adaptation to global changes. Its spreading worldwide can benefit global food security if access to its genetic resources and benefit sharing are properly addressed.

Environment

Characterization and
sharing of quinoa’s
biodiversity
Its global spreading beyond its origins
Dr. Didier BAZILE, Senior Biodiversity Advisor
at the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD)
Monday , June 15th, 2020 – FAO-HQ, Rome, Italy
© didier.bazile

Quinoa, an Andean crop
• Domesticated 7000
years ago
• Rejected during the
Spanish conquest
• Rediscovered during the
20th century
• Many new producers
outside the Andes
• Genetic resources for
adaptation
Dr. D. BAZILE (CIRAD) – 2020, June 15th
Cancosa, Chile
Quinoa field at 4,600 masl
Chenopodium quinoa Willd.
© didier.bazile

Quinoa’s resilience thanks to high genetic diversity
• A single domesticated species but five
major ecotypes:
– Quinoa from the Highlands (Peru y Bolivia)
– Quinoa from Inter Andean Valleys
(Colombia, Ecuador y Peru)
– Quinoa from the Yungas (Bolivia)
– Quinoa from Salares (Bolivia, Chile
y Argentina)
– Quinoa from Sea level (Chile)
Dr. D. BAZILE (CIRAD) – 2020, June 15th

From the Andes to the world
Christensen et al. 2007. Plant Genet. Res.
Bertero et al, 2004. Field Crop Research
Sea level
Andean Valleys
Salares
Altiplano
Dr. D. BAZILE (CIRAD) – 2020, June 15th
Pichilemu, Central Chile
Quinoa field at 30 masl
Lumako, South Chile
Quinoa at 600 masl

Quinoa Worldwide Genetic Resources Distribution
(in situ and ex situ conservation)
Dr. D. BAZILE (CIRAD) – 2020, June 15th

Quinoa worldwide expansion
• Bullet 1
Dr. D. BAZILE (CIRAD) – 2020, June 15th

Quinoa, a model-crop for transformative changes
Quinoa’s biodiversity & …
• Adaptive crop for marginal
environments
• Agroecological practices
• Nutrition-Sensitive agriculture
• Incomes for small-scale farmers
• Farmers maintain agrobiodiversity
for global changes adaptation
ANDES  WORLD
Dr. D. BAZILE (CIRAD) – 2020, June 15th
Edited by
Bazile, D., Bertero, D. & Nieto, C

Key messages for concluding
• Access to quinoa germplasm and benefit sharing from its
utilization should be addressed, recognizing the hard work of
the Andean people in the selection and conservation of local
quinoa landraces,
• maintaining and adding value to quinoa’s biodiversity
through diversification for the benefit of global food security
and poverty reduction.
• Quinoa is more that only a crop: its biodiversity is at the
heart on an innovative agri-food system that can really
inspire for its spreading.
Dr. D. BAZILE (CIRAD) – 2020, June 15th

Dr. D. BAZILE (CIRAD) – 2020, June 15th
Contact:
didier.bazile@cirad.fr
Thanks for your attention !

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