Describes the PEF's model for a just and meaningful conservation partnership with Indigenous peoples through the equitable integration of Indigenous and scientific knowledge systems for biodiversity conservation and sustainable rural development

1. Philippine Eagle Foundation
Davao City, Philippines
Conserving raptors using culture-based
approaches: The case of the Philippine
Eagle Conservation Program

3. • At least 16 species, mostly
mammals, but with some birds
and reptiles
• Three species of domestic
animals

5. • At least 12 species on Luzon Island, based
on observations of the first active nest seen
in 2015
• Includes Luzon endemics (i) Northern Sierra
Madre Forest Monitor and the (ii) Mottled
winged flying fox

8. Hunting issues…

9. Habitat loss issues…

12. Indigenous Peoples
• Historical continuity
• Cultural distinction
• Non-dominant or minority
• Collective desire to perpetuate unique
culture

13. MANDATE
• CBD, AICHI # 18
• By 2020, the traditional knowledge,
innovations and practices of indigenous…
communities…for the conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity, and their
customary use…are respected…..and fully
integrated…flected in the implementation of the
Convention with the full and effective
participation of indigenous and local
communities, at all relevant levels.

14. Philippine Indigenous Peoples
• Republic Act No. 8371- Philippine Indigenous Peoples
Rights Act (IPRA) recognizes ownership of ancestral
domains
• Traditional owners must make an Ancestral Domain
Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP)
to:
▪ Maintain ecological balance
▪ Restore denuded areas
▪ Platform to exercise bundle of rights
(Implementing Rules and Regulation, IPRA. Article 4, Sections 1-3)

17. Isnag

19. Bagobo-Tagabawa

20. 10/23/2017
Obu Manuvu

21. Manobo Kulamanon

22. Cultural Key Stone Species
Plants and animals that are
cultural icons
–Food
–Medicine
–Language, ceremonies, and
narratives
Garibaldi and Turner 2004 (Ecology and
Society)

23. Knowledge Integration
Science + Indigenous or local

24. ‘a cumulative body of knowledge,
practice, and belief, evolving by
adaptive processes and handed down
through generations by cultural
transmission, about the relationship of
living beings (including humans) with
one another and their environment’
(Berkes 2008:7)
Traditional
Ecological
Knowledge

25. Worldview and cultural values
Social arrangements that
regulate resource uses
regimes
Resource use patterns
based on ecological knowledge
Social-ecological practices based on
Indigenous Ecological Knowledge
Knowledge of species,
communities and
ecosystems

26. Culture-based conservation

28. Biodiversity
Outcomes
Rural Livelihood
Outcomes
Cultural
Outcomes
Knowledge Systems
S
T
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D
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R
S
S
T
A
K
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H
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L
D
E
R
S

30. Apayao Lowland Forest Key Biodiversity Area

32. HABITAT CONSERVATION: Calanasan “Green Guards”
Regular forest guard patrols
(Sep, 2016 – October 217)
• 40 km patrol routes
• Over 2000 man hours
• over 200 noose (silo) traps
removed.
• Over 500 elementary and
high school students

33. Mt Apo Key Biodiversity Area
Indigenous group Indigenous organization Location Coverage
(ha)
Bagobo Tagabawa Sinabadan Kaag Tugallan
of Davao City Side
Barangay Sibulan, Davao
City
9,000
Bagobo Klata Apo Ernesto Sicao Tribal
Association
Barangay Tamayong,
Davao City
3,000
Obu Manuvu of
Davao CIty
Unified Obu-Manuvu
Council of Davao City
Barangays Carmen,
Tawan-tawan,
Tambobong and Salaysay
14,000
Obu Manuvu of
Magpet
Unified Obu-Manuvu
Council of Magpet
Barangays Imamaling,
Apog-apog, and Manobo,
Magpet
9,000
Manobo TInananon Manobo Lumadnong
Panaghiusa
Barangay Libertad and
Sitios Macati & Kiapat,
Arakan
3,000

34. HABITAT CONSERVATION: Mt Apo Key Biodiversity Area

35. HABITAT CONSERVATION: Indigenous territories

36. Codifying PUSAKA:
Obu Manuvu Philosophy
for Biodiversity
Conservation
PUSAKA is the traditional Obu Manuvu
practice of sanctifying entities, living or
non-living, as “precious” or “sacred”
because it has become priceless, from
the perspective of a family, clan, or
tribe.

37. Buceros mindanensis Rusa marianna
•504 Camera Trap Days (CTD)
Agathis philipenensis
•189 trees >40 cm, 37 trees
<40cm DBH, 44 snags (dead)
•34 observations
•1.42/km encounter rate
1 juvenile Philippine
eagle (Eagle Licuyan)
tagged, eagles
monitored at six
nesting territories
Obu Manuvu
cultural keystones

38. ▪> 40 Digitized thematic FLUP-ready maps

39. Community Conservation Cum
Rural Development Planning

40. Indigenous forest guards
• 266 local forest
guards, 130 (50 %)
deputized
• 64,000 man-hours
patrolling 1,000
noose traps
• 43 cases of timber
and wildlife
poaching

43. Restoration of denuded forests
Restoration of ‘stepping
stones’ through agroforestry
Sustainable Livelihoods

44. Forest Restoration and Conservation
• “rainforestation” farming with 10 villages
Capacity Development
• Trainings and farm planning
Agro-forestry Development
• Initial agro-forestry support (cash crops and fruit trees) to beneficiaries

45. Conservation incentives
to communities

46. Conservation Sewmates

47. 5th Davao City Watershed Stakeholders Summit

48. Mayo-Kampalili KBA

49. • 18,800 hectares of Indigenous
Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs)
inscribed in the UNEP-WCMC Global
Registry
• 3 Phil eagle nest sites (~ 30,000 ha of
forests) under community management

50. • 191 Mandaya Forest Guards
watch over eagles and
habitats
.
• 30 hectares restored by 94 farmers
• ~32,000 native trees planted
• ~25,000 agro-crops integrated

51. BIODIVERSITY
OUTCOMES
• Indigenous and local forest guards
delivering clear conservation outcomes
• Monthly patrols at hotspots of
threats
• Native traps removed
• Breeding success of eagles
monitored
• Ttimber & wildlife poaching
deterred
• Wildlife monitored

52. RURAL
LIVELIHOOD
OUTCOMES
• Financial incentives
• Social services provided
• Women-based
livelihood
• Social capital enhanced
• Other incentives

53. CULTURAL
OUTCOMES
• Indigenous philosophies
popularized
• Lived culture
incentivized
• Role of IKSP in
knowledge economy
built

54. Immediate next steps
• Corporate participation (RA
10771)
• National skilled-work
accreditation for forest guarding
• Environmental grants to
communities (e.g. Environmental
Conditional Cash Transfer eCCT)

55. Prospects for the
future
• Community-based
monitoring of Philippine
eagles, key wildlife and
habitats
• Payments for
environmental services
• Portfolio of biodiversity
friendly enterprises and
services

56. As global citizens, how shall we live sustainably in a fragile planet
that we share with eagles and other unique life forms?

57. “The greatness of a nation and its moral
progress can be judged by the way its
animals are treated."
Mahatma Gandhi