Selection and formulation of a research problem.pptxGeorgeKabongah2
One of the greatest challenges faced by researchers is resource and time constraints. This makes it difficult to involve the entire population of interest and so researchers only use a subset of a population to represent the whole population. This is called a sample. The use of samples however involves other big class of problems: given that your measurements are credible, how much of the world do they represent? How far can you generalize the results of your research? The answer depends, first, on the kind of data in which you are interested. There are two kinds of data of interest to social scientists: individual attribute data and cultural data. These two kinds require different approaches to sampling and that is the focus of this week.
Selection and formulation of a research problem.pptxGeorgeKabongah2
One of the greatest challenges faced by researchers is resource and time constraints. This makes it difficult to involve the entire population of interest and so researchers only use a subset of a population to represent the whole population. This is called a sample. The use of samples however involves other big class of problems: given that your measurements are credible, how much of the world do they represent? How far can you generalize the results of your research? The answer depends, first, on the kind of data in which you are interested. There are two kinds of data of interest to social scientists: individual attribute data and cultural data. These two kinds require different approaches to sampling and that is the focus of this week.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR UNDERGRADUATES.pptxROBIN VAVACHAN
Embarking on the journey of research as undergraduates is both exciting and challenging. This presentation introduces the fundamental principles of research methodology, offering a roadmap for undergraduates to navigate the complexities of academic inquiry.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR UNDERGRADUATES.pptxROBIN VAVACHAN
Embarking on the journey of research as undergraduates is both exciting and challenging. This presentation introduces the fundamental principles of research methodology, offering a roadmap for undergraduates to navigate the complexities of academic inquiry.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. CONTENT
1. Research Problem Definition
2. A Research Problem Will Explain
3. What are research questions
4. The research process: why are research problems important?
5. Steps To Defining Your Research Problem
6. Differentiating Quantitative from Qualitative Research Problems
7. Writing the Problem Statement
3. RESEARCH PROBLEM DEFINITION
• A research problem is the issue being addressed in a study.
• The issue can be a difficulty or conflict to be eliminated; a condition to be
improved; a concern to handle; a troubling question, a theoretical or practical
controversy (or a gap) that exists in scholarly literature.
4. RESEARCH PROBLEM DEFINITION
• A research problem helps in narrowing the topic down to something that is
reasonable for conducting a study. Research problem as a general educational
issue, concern, or controversy addressed in research that narrows the topic.
• To better understand research problems suggested to compare it to other parts of
the research process, i.e. research topic, purpose, and research questions.
5. A RESEARCH PROBLEM WILL EXPLAIN
As well as outlining the topic and/or opportunity, a
research problem will explain:
• Why the area/issue needs to be addressed,
• Why the area/issue is of importance,
• The parameters of the research study
6. A RESEARCH PROBLEM WILL EXPLAIN
• The reporting framework for the results and
• What the overall benefit of doing so will provide
(whether to society as a whole or other researchers
and projects).
• Having identified the main topic or opportunity for
discussion, you can then narrow it down into one or
several specific questions that can be scrutinized and
answered through the research process.
7. WHAT ARE RESEARCH QUESTIONS?
Research questions are generated from problems that require further
research and understanding while fulfilling the objectives of the study.
For example, using the research problems above, our questions could
be:
1. "What strategies can we adopt for conservation of genetic
resources in the era of climate change?”
2. “How can we produce more food while implementing adaptation
and mitigation measures at the same time?”
3. “What are the concrete steps farmers and governments should take
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?”
8. WHAT ARE RESEARCH QUESTIONS?
• Research questions are questions derived from the purpose that a researcher is
trying to answer in a study. A research question should be as specific as possible.
If the purpose is quite complex, the researcher can make two or more research
questions to cover it.
• A research question can also be referred to as a "problem statement".
Note: good research supports multiple perspectives through empirical data. It’s
focused on key concepts rather than a broad area, providing readily actionable
insight.
9. WHAT ARE RESEARCH QUESTIONS?
• In a quantitative research, the research question is followed by
hypothesis, while a qualitative research does not have
hypothesis.
• A hypothesis is a statement that can be proved or disproved. A
research question can be made into a hypothesis by changing it
into a statement.
• A hypothesis is commonly stated into two forms: null (h0) and
alternative (ha).
• Null hypothesis is a hypothesis to be disproved. It is usually
made by adding “not” to the alternative hypothesis. To illustrate,
look at the two examples above.
• The first one is typical of a quantitative research, while second
belongs to a qualitative research.
10. THE RESEARCH PROCESS: WHY ARE RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IMPORTANT?
A research problem has two essential roles in setting your research project on a
course for success.
1. Set the scope
• The research problem defines what problem or opportunity you’re looking at
and what your research goals are. It stops you from getting side-tracked or
allowing the scope of research to creep off-course.
• Without a strong research problem or problem statement, your team could
end up spending resources unnecessarily, or coming up with results that aren’t
actionable - or worse, harmful to your business - because the field of study is
too broad.
11. THE RESEARCH PROCESS: WHY ARE RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IMPORTANT?
2. Tie your research to goals and actions
• Defining your research means you always have clarity on what’s needed to make
those decisions. You can show the effects of what you’ve studied using real
outcomes.
• Then, by focusing your research study on a series of questions tied to business
objectives, you can reduce the risk of the research being unactionable or
inaccurate. It's also worth examining research (existing or online) to see how
others have explored specific topics.
12. STEPS TO DEFINING YOUR RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. Observe and identify
Research today have so much data that it can be difficult to know
which problems to address first. A researcher’s job is to sift through
these inputs and discover exactly what higher-level trends and
key concepts are worth it
A small-scale preliminary study might be worth doing to help get a
more comprehensive understanding of there search context and
needs, and to make sure your research problem addresses the most
critical questions. This could take the form of a few in-depth
interviews, an environmental scan, or a literature review.
13. STEPS TO DEFINING YOUR RESEARCH PROBLEM
2. Review the key factors involved
As a researcher, you must work closely with your team of researchers to define and
test the influencing factors and the wider context involved in your study. This is
referred to as a relational research problem.
To do this, you have to identify the factors that will affect the research and begin
formulating different methods to control for them.
You need to determine:
1. which factors affect the solution to the research problem.
2. which ones can be controlled and used for the purposes and to what extent.
3. the functional relationships between the factors.
4. which ones are critical to the solution of the research problem.
14. Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Problem
After identifying a research problem, you should
also consider if it better suits a quantitative or
qualitative approach. Both approaches have merit,
but since they differ in their essential characteristics,
you need to decide which one is more appropriate
to use for your specific research problem.
Differentiating Quantitative from Qualitative
Research Problems
15. WRITING THE PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Problem as a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved upon, a
difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in theory or in practice
that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
• A problem statement concisely overviews the issues or problems existing in the
concerned area selected for the research. It explains the issues predominant in a
particular area which drives the researcher to do in-depth study and analysis in order to
understand the issues and/or solve the problem.
• Research problem Statement using the “Ideal, Reality, and Consequences” Format
16. WRITING THE PROBLEM STATEMENT
• A problem statement usually includes five aspects:
1) The actual research problem.
2) Justification of the importance of the problem as found in
current studies and practice.
3) Deficiency (gap) in present literature about the problem.
4) Method (timeframe, participants, location and trend).
5) The organization, and/or the individuals that will benefit
from a better understanding or solution to the problem.