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AMBLEM
of
WEALTH
Generating
Wealth
Abundance
to the history of China’s culture, to the dif-
ferent philosophical currents that
emerged, and to technological achieve-
ments, inventions, and discoveries—
among them, for example, the glorious
invention of paper. In these five thousand
years, there were conflicts
between Confucianism,
Legalism, Taoism, and
Buddhism, and great peri-
ods of cultural renaissance,
such as that of the Twelfth-
century A.D. Confucian
Renaissance under the
Sung Dynasty. This enor-
mous history, which would
require many years of
study to begin to compre-
hend, could be at least
appreciated though the
exhibit “Splendors of
Imperial China: Treasures
from the National Palace
Museum, Taipei,” which
completed a year-long U.S.
tour in April at the Nation-
al Gallery of Art in Wash-
ington, D.C., after appear-
ing in New York, Chicago,
and San Francisco.
Two-thirds of the
nearly 450 rare objects in
the exhibition, many clas-
sified as national treasures,
have never before been
shown in the U.S. On only
three previous occasions
have masterpieces from
the National Palace Muse-
um travelled to the West:
to London in 1935-1936,
to the United States in
1961-1962, and again in
1991-1992, where they
were included in the
National Gallery’s famous
“Circa 1492” exhibition
commemorating the dis-
Chinese culture has been in continu-
ous, uninterrupted existence for
more than five thousand years, making it
unique: the oldest civilization in the
world. In these five thousand years, the
rise and fall of dynasties was closely linked
88
Treasures from China Relate
Five-Thousand Year History
EXHIBITS
Fan K’uan (c.980-1050), “Travelling Amid Streams and
Mountains.”
Wang Meng, “Forest Chamber Grotto at
Chü-ch’ü” (after 1365).
NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina
NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina
covery of the Americas.
Organized chronologically, the
objects in the show presented the great
artistic traditions of Chinese civilization
over millennia, from the Neolithic period
through the Eighteenth century A.D.
Beginning with a room dedicated to the
Neolithic and Bronze Ages, the exhibi-
tion progressed into the later dynasties,
the T’ang (A.D. 618-907), Sung (960-
1279), Yüan (1272-1368), Ming (1368-
1644), and Ch’ing (1644-1911). This orga-
nization, which allowed the viewer to
compare the advances (or, in some cases,
declines) not only of the levels of techno-
logical achievement (e.g., in the produc-
tion of porcelain and the development of
the glazes, or in the pictorial techniques
used to represent space), but also of world
outlook, depending upon which philo-
sophical current was favored by the rul-
ing imperial strata. Such a change leaps
out, for example, when comparing paint-
ings from the Imperial Painting Acade-
my created under the Sung Dynasty,
with ones produced during the subse-
quent Yüan, after the Mongols invaded
and occupied China, and the Confucian
Renaissance was destroyed by the expan-
sion of Taoist influence.
Click here for Full Issue of Fidelio Volume 6, Number 2, Summer 1997
© 1997 Schiller Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission strictly prohibited.
89
Government Promotion of the Arts
During the Sung Dynasty, painting was
organized under the auspices of a cen-
tralized Imperial Painting Academy,
and painters were recruited by the new
government from all parts of the
Empire to serve the needs of the imperi-
al court. Over time, the traditions repre-
sented by this group of artists became
what is known today as the Sung acade-
mic manner, “the culmination of cen-
turies of achievement in mastering a
naturalistic, closely descriptive and con-
vincing portrayal of the physical world,”
in the words of Maxwell K. Hearn,
author of the catalogue The Splendors of
Imperial China.
Under the Emperor Hui-tsung
(1101-1125), himself an accomplished
painter and calligrapher, the arts were
developed to the point where they
became the example for all succeeding
academies. Aside from landscape paint-
ing, Hui-tsung’s academicians special-
ized in religious figures, historical nar-
ratives, genre painting, flowers, birds,
and animals, all keenly observed and
meticulously rendered.
Many of the paintings from this peri-
od remind a Western viewer of draw-
ings and watercolors on the same sub-
jects by later, great Western masters,
such as Albrecht Dürer and Leonardo
da Vinci. One of the most beautiful
examples is the hanging scroll “Winter
Play” [SEE front cover, this issue], attrib-
uted to Su Han-ch’en (c.1130-60’s), a
preeminent painter of children at the
Southern Sung court. This painting is
part of a set of hanging scrolls that prob-
ably showed children in each of the four
seasons. The portrayal of a young girl
and her slightly younger playmate, is a
strong indication that children of both
sexes were prized in the imperial world.
The children are depicted at play, bat-
tling a “pretend-dragon” kitten, using,
as their weapon, a banner adorned with
a peacock feather.
The Imperial Painting Academy was
closed during the reign of the first Yüan
emperor, Khubilai Khan (1215-1294),
the grandson of Genghis Khan. Pictorial
representation became introspective,
and realistic representation as a product
of the observation of nature practically
disappeared. The sense of aerial (atmos-
pheric) perspective achieved by the Sung
painters, where the “white” spaces are
not empty, but full of space, was lost.
Compare, for example, such examples of
Sung artistry as “Travelling Amid
Streams and Mountains” of Fan K’uan
(c.980-1050), with the Yüan artist Wang
Meng’s (c.1308-1385) “Forest Chamber
Grotto at Chü-ch’ü,” where the painter
“abandons all suggestion of spatial reces-
sion, and confronts the viewer with a
densely textured wall of rock and water
. . . creating a vision of an enclosed and
sequestered environment that lies out-
side of the real world.”
East and West Unified
A substantial portion of the treasures of
the National Museum derive from the
imperial collections of the Ch’ing
Dynasty (1644-1911).
It was during the Ch’ing Dynasty,
established when the Manchus over-
threw the Ming in 1644, that the Jesuit
missionaries, whose first arrival in
China had been Matteo Ricci in 1581,
fully established themselves at the impe-
rial court. The relations between the
Jesuits and the first emperors of the
Ch’ing Dynasty were such, that Jesuits
shared responsibility for the education
of the prince, along with his classical
Confucian tutors. This prince would
later become the famous emperor K’ang
Hsi, under whom the collaboration
between East and West achieved its
highest level, a collaboration organized,
on its European side, by the great Ger-
man philosopher, Gottfried Leibniz.
The science of Europe’s Golden Renais-
sance, coupled with China’s tradition of
the Twelfth-century Confucian Renais-
sance of the philosopher Chu Hsi,
engendered an era of extraordinary sci-
entific and technological advance.
Under K’ang Hsi, official art workshops
were reestablished in the capital and in
regional centers. The Imperial Kiln
Complex in Ching-te-chuen was rebuilt,
and became a renewed center of porce-
lain production.
One of the exhibit’s finest examples
of East-West collaboration, is the silk
handscroll “One Hundred Horses,” fin-
ished in 1728, which gave birth to a new
style by merging the best pictorial tech-
niques of Europe and China. It was
painted by Giuseppe Castiglione, a
Jesuit missionary, who arrived in China
at the age of twenty-seven. After several
years of work at a glazing workshop,
Castiglione took the Chinese name of
Lang Shih-ning. Upon seeing “One
Hundred Horses” for the first time, the
Emperor Ch’ien-lung named Cas-
tiglione principal court painter. Both
this handscroll, and another one by Cas-
tiglione entitled “Assembled Blessings,”
are made in the traditional technique of
Chinese painting in ink and mineral col-
ors on silk, and the themes are also tra-
ditionally Chinese, but both have a
three-dimensional quality accomplished
by the subtle use of the Western tech-
nique of chiaroscuro, and Renaissance-
developed perspective.Lang Shih-ning (Giuseppe Castiglione), “One Hundred Horses” (detail) (1728).
NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina
90
Minimum and Maximum in Brushwork
Almost all the pieces in paper or silk,
and also some of the bronzes, were
accompanied by calligraphic poems, a
crucial aspect of Chinese painting to be
understood by the West. Confucian
teachings considered writing to be the
moral act of a man who fulfilled his
responsibilities to society as a whole—
past, present, and future—as it was
embodied in the person of the emperor,
in his own family, or in a specific clan.
Writing was also a prerequisite for the
individual to be considered one of the
literati (wen-ren), since, among other
things, the need to memorize the com-
position of thousands of calligraphic
characters and their meanings, required
many years of study. Lifelong dedication
and practice were necessary to be able to
write skillfully.
Each calligraphic character is a com-
position in itself, sometimes requiring as
many as twenty-four brushstrokes.
Aside from being part of the group of
characters, each is an individual entity
with intrinsic value. Chinese calligraphy
has passed through many stages in its
development to the present.
Five masterpieces of calligraphy and
painting on silk and paper from the
T’ang (618-907) and Sung (960-1279)
Dynasties were displayed, including
“Poems Written at Huang-chou on the
Cold Food Festival,” a handscroll by the
most famous poet and callig-
rapher, Su Shih (1037-1101),
and “Bamboo,” by Wen
T’ung (1018-1079), an early
example of a subject that con-
tinues to be a Chinese fa-
vorite. The identity of the
artistic idea in these two works, one
“painting,” the other “calligraphy,” is
evident. Many beautiful examples of cal-
ligraphy from later periods were exhib-
ited, including ones by Shen Chou,
patriarch of the literati in Soochow dur-
ing the Ming Dynasty.
Shen Chou’s sixteen ink and color
works on paper, entitled
“Drawings from Life”
(1494), are a group of cal-
ligraphic paintings,
where the essential char-
acteristics and forms of
the subject are represent-
ed with a minimum of
brushstrokes, but with
total freedom. When the
National Gallery exhibit-
ed some of these draw-
ings in the “Circa 1492”
show in 1992, the public
was able to compare
them with drawings and
watercolors from the
Italian Renaissance. This
time, an exhibition of
works on paper entitled
“Six Artists, Six Cen-
turies,” was also on dis-
play at the museum, so it was again
possible to compare watercolors by
Dürer with these extraordinary Chi-
nese paintings.
Concerning a civilization, five thou-
sand years of continuous existence speak
for themselves. “Splendors of Imperial
China,” and the catalogue volumes
issued to commemorate it, should gener-
ate a true sense of admiration and
respect for a culture and civilization lit-
tle known in the West, but from which
there is a great deal to be learned.
—Ana María Mendoza
Two catalogue volumes have been pub-
lished to commemorate the exhibit. The
full catalogue, “Possessing the Past: Trea-
sures from the National Palace Museum,
Taipei,” by Wen C. Fong and James C.Y.
Wyatt, is 648 pages long, and is priced at
$85. “Splendors of Imperial China: Trea-
sures from the National Palace Museum,
Taipei,” by Maxwell K. Hearn, is a beau-
tiful, shorter (144 page) report of the exhib-
it, priced at $35. Both volumes are pub-
lished by The Metropolitan Museum of
Art, N.Y. and the National Palace Muse-
um, Taipei, and may be available in local
libraries.
Shen Chou, one of sixteen drawings from “Drawings from
Life” (detail) (1494).
Left: Su Shih, “Poems Written at Huang-chou on the
Cold Food Festival” (detail) (1082). Below: Wen
T’ung, “Bamboo” (detail) (c.1070).
NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina
NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina
NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina
Rival Museums Retrace Route of
China’s Imperial Treasures
Courtesy of Zhuang Ling
A photograph showing the difficulties the imperial treasures sometimes encountered on the road to their hiding place
By DAVID BARBOZA
Published: July 6, 2010
CHONGQING, China — On a sweltering morning last month, a white-haired guide
trudged up a muddy path, leading a group of scholars toward a bamboo grove on the
outskirts of this western Chinese city. The site, he said, was where a large portion
of China’s imperial treasures were once hidden inside several big wooden sheds.
Slide Show
The Imperial Treasure Route, Then and Now
Courtesy of Zhuang Ling
Members of the palace museum staff who helped move the artifacts to Chongqing.
“They were stored right about here,” Hu Changjian, a local museum official, said of the
artifacts, an unparalleled collection of more than a million objects from the Forbidden
City in Beijing, including fine paintings, calligraphy, jade and porcelain dating back
centuries. He added, “We think they dug caves in the hills behind us to store some of the
treasures.”
Photographers and documentary filmmakers traveling with the group of scholars
recorded the scene, as the scholars, clutching notepads, scampered up a hill in search of
caves.
The scholars, from mainland China and Taiwan, were taking part in an extraordinary
two-week research project, retracing the routes taken by the imperial treasures in the
1930s and 1940s, when they were being safeguarded from the ravages of civil war and
Japanese aggression, not to mention floods, bandits and warlords.
The project is extraordinary because it was organized by rival museums, the Palace
Museum of Beijing and theNational Palace Museum in Taiwan, each of which claims to
be the rightful home of the artifacts.
The original Palace Museum in Beijing was split in two — its staff as well as its collection
— in 1949, when the Nationalist government fell to the Communists and retreated to the
island of Taiwan with thousands of supporters and a huge cargo of museum pieces.
For decades there has been debate about ownership of the divided treasures. But in
recent years the two museums have begun to collaborate on exhibitions in a stunning
show of cross-Strait cooperation. On the scholars’ journey this summer, the talk was not
of unification but of shared history and of a common desire to understand the
remarkable events that both preserved the treasures and eventually led to their division.
“We had a rough idea of how things happened, but we didn’t know the details,” said Li
Wenru, deputy director at the Palace Museum in Beijing. “But we knew it was a miracle
that in wartime over a million treasures were moved 10,000 kilometers, on roads, in
water, by air, and nothing was lost.”
The museum staff members who protected the artifacts on that 16-year odyssey, hiding
them in bunkers, caves, temples, warehouses and even private homes, have all died. But
some of their children were invited to participate in this year’s trip.
Zhuang Ling, 72, says his father, who had been a cataloger of the collection, was one of
the staff members charged with guarding the imperial treasures. He recalls living and
traveling with them as a child, in the mountains outside Chongqing.
“When the weather was good, they’d bring the paintings, calligraphy and books outside
to give them some fresh air because it was too humid inside,” he said. “I could even see
some of the landscape paintings.”
The collection was put together by emperors, mostly in the centuries between the Song
dynasty (960-1276) and the brief reign of Pu Yi, China’s last emperor, at the end of the
Qing dynasty (1644-1911). After the Qing fell, the imperial family kept the treasures. (In
1913 the family offered to sell them to the American industrialist and collector J. P.
Morgan for $4 million; Morgan died shortly after his staff received the telegrams.)
In 1924 the state expelled the imperial family from the Forbidden City, declared the
collection national property and made it the foundation of a new Palace Museum.
But after Japan invaded north China in 1931 and threatened to move toward Beijing, the
government, fearing the artifacts might be destroyed or carted off to Japan, shipped
them, in more than 19,000 wooden crates, south to Nanjing, the new capital, in early
1933. Then, just days before the Japanese destroyed Nanjing in 1937, they were divided
into three groups and sent into hiding along three separate routes. Some of the most
valuable objects ended up here in Chongqing, the wartime capital.
Last month this humid, mountainous city was the seventh stop for the Chinese and
Taiwanese scholars. They crowded into a rusted bank vault where some of the artifacts
had been stored (it now houses sewing machines); visited the old central library, which
had exhibited some of the treasures during the war; and trekked up to a warehouse that
had been deemed safe for the treasures, they were told, because it was adjacent to a
Buddhist temple and so unlikely to be attacked by Japanese forces.
Mr. Hu, the Chongqing guide, added new details to the record, even as he confessed to
having discovered only three of the four storage rooms at the warehouse site. Minutes
later Mr. Li, from the Beijing museum, followed a railroad track up a hill and discovered
what appeared to be the fourth warehouse space.
After Japan surrendered in 1945, the treasures returned to Nanjing. But the journey was
not over. Civil war between the Nationalist government and the Communists, which had
begun in the 1920s and abated during the Japanese occupation, resumed. In 1948, with
the Communists routing government forces in the north, Chiang Kai-shek, head of the
Nationalists, ordered the most valuable treasures shipped to Taiwan, along with much of
the nation’s gold supply.
“The majority of the paintings from the imperial collection moved to Taiwan,” said
Alfreda Murck, an authority on Chinese art at the Palace Museum in Beijing, though only
about 20 percent of the collection made its way there. “They chose very well,” she added.
Chiang’s decision divided more than just the collection. Liang Jinsheng, 62, said his
father and grandfather helped protect the treasures in the 1930s and ’40s. But after the
war, Mr. Liang’s brother and grandfather accompanied some of the treasures to Taiwan
while Mr. Liang’s father stayed behind in China, following another part of the collection
back to Beijing.
“This trip made me realize how much my parents’ generation did,” said Mr. Liang, who
catalogs artifacts at the Beijing museum and is a fifth-generation staff member there.
In Taiwan the treasures were stored in a cave for years, out of fear that the Communists
might invade or bomb the island; only in 1965 did the National Palace Museum of Taipei
open. In Beijing, meanwhile, the Palace Museum had few visitors in the 1950s and ’60s.
But the treasures had enormous symbolic value in both places.
David Shambaugh, who with Jeannette Shambaugh Elliott wrote “The Odyssey of
China’s Imperial Art Treasures,” said Chinese leaders had long viewed them as a means
of validating their power, even under Communism. During the Cultural Revolution,
when Red Guards tried to destroy anything associated with tradition, Mao ordered the
museum protected.
“Every successive regime used the collection to legitimize themselves with elites,” said
Professor Shambaugh, a China scholar at George Washington University. “Mao and the
Communists saw themselves as the inheritors of 5,000 years of history.”
There has been no dialogue between the two museums about whether the treasures
should be unified in one location, officials of both institutions say. And in Chongqing and
elsewhere on the trip, the subject of ownership was carefully avoided. “There’s only one”
palace museum, said Mr. Li of the Beijing museum, in that “the two are one.”
And Chu Huiliang of Taipei said, “Both sides don’t talk about this issue because we’re not
the ones who can resolve it.”
The museum officials insisted that it wasn’t important where the treasures were kept,
only that they were preserved. The two museums are teaming up for a joint exhibition in
Beijing later this year, about their travels following the route of the imperial treasures.
And in July 2011 they plan to hold a joint exhibition in Taipei, joining two parts of an
ancient painting from the Yuan dynasty that was divided when the Nationalists fled.
Still, for the moment, the Taipei museum has no plans to send any of its objects to
Beijing, and is unlikely to do so until the Beijing government formally agrees that it will
not seize artifacts lent by Taiwan. As hopeful as the new cooperation is, museum officials
on both sides acknowledge, it has its limits
With Compliments : the New York Times
Amblem of Wealth
Puyi was last remembered in the Movie ; “The Last Emperor ” directed by Bernardo Bertolucci
, which grossed over USD 43,984,230 in Box office .
During the course before he was evicted from the imperial palace ,the Last Emperor of
China, described how his last few loyalties and eunuchs would settle their severance pensions
on their own by smuggling invaluable artifacts collected by his ancestors of the Qing dynasty for
sale. Although many have been stolen , lost but yet there are glimpse of hope as truly ,not
all are lost , as a massive 696,000 of these artifacts had actually been moved to Taiwan
secretly just after the Cultural Revolution period in China
In 2011 ,while the media were busy reporting on the lucky mystical powers of the “Tibetan
Dragon Sutra” which had been released for public viewing in year 2011 in Taiwan , not many
has remembered why and how did such a huge collection of artifacts had landed in Taiwan
. The "Dragon's Sutras, Tibetan language edition" was once housed in the Buddha Hall of the
Cining Palace inside the Forbidden City. Buddhists believe that someone who has the chance to
read the entire compilation would be blessed for seven generations of good luck
People were amazed and fancied only about how former President Chen Shui-bian took his last
opportunity to have his private viewing of the magical artifact shortly before he left his Taiwan
presidency office in 2008, no one seems to wonder why a copy of the sutra in now in China ,
with another portion in China .
How and why were all the artifacts moved to Taiwan ?
Does the museum has similar other artifacts with such Lucky Mystical Powers !
While Presidents are given quality time with original copies, and people with millions to spare
can have the next second best thing, the majority of the people are pretty much kept from it. Is
there another Mythical products that equalize to provide such blessing
Are there other artifacts or ancient mystic symbols which has such similar capacity as the
Dragon sutra collection
Can similar Prosperity symbols actually help you inbuilding wealth and bless the user with se
vengeneration of good luck also . Which could be the other Ancient Mystic symbols that eve
ry individual can be blessed to engage with ?
Can prosperity symbols actually help you in building Wealth with Abundance ?
Unlocking Wealth Luck Potential
The most important luck that all working
individual concern themselves with each and every day is of course WEALTH LUCK .
Since Ancient times ,there have been several myths and rituals for creating wealth over the
centuries and one of them is by the empowering of Mystic symbols and objects to attract
wealth and manifesting abundance
MONEY TROUBLES? LACK OF SUCCESS?
Will you be one of those who turns your Life around
with this ancient China 220 BC Mystic© Symbol which attracts Wealth & Success
Today we will explore on the subject of some ancient symbols from China which is hardly
known in the West. This is a very ancient technique of welcoming wealth and success from the
orient which has been tried and tested there for hundreds of years.
Many tycoons in the Pacific Rim reputedly swear byit and many professional executives from S
outh
Asian economies are said to carry one with themor have them at home . For years this Mystic
©Symbol has provided this amazing luck and wealthattraction mystic to orientals in an astoun
dinglysimple wealth creation technique but behind thatsimple exterior lies an ancient belief which
iscomplex and fully accords with old ancient China teaching since 220 B.C.
Ancient China Mystic 220 B.C Bestows Wealth
with Abundance:
Find Out China's Well Kept Historiographic
Tradition to Attracting Wealth

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Odyssey of China's Imperial Art Treasures

  • 2. to the history of China’s culture, to the dif- ferent philosophical currents that emerged, and to technological achieve- ments, inventions, and discoveries— among them, for example, the glorious invention of paper. In these five thousand years, there were conflicts between Confucianism, Legalism, Taoism, and Buddhism, and great peri- ods of cultural renaissance, such as that of the Twelfth- century A.D. Confucian Renaissance under the Sung Dynasty. This enor- mous history, which would require many years of study to begin to compre- hend, could be at least appreciated though the exhibit “Splendors of Imperial China: Treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei,” which completed a year-long U.S. tour in April at the Nation- al Gallery of Art in Wash- ington, D.C., after appear- ing in New York, Chicago, and San Francisco. Two-thirds of the nearly 450 rare objects in the exhibition, many clas- sified as national treasures, have never before been shown in the U.S. On only three previous occasions have masterpieces from the National Palace Muse- um travelled to the West: to London in 1935-1936, to the United States in 1961-1962, and again in 1991-1992, where they were included in the National Gallery’s famous “Circa 1492” exhibition commemorating the dis- Chinese culture has been in continu- ous, uninterrupted existence for more than five thousand years, making it unique: the oldest civilization in the world. In these five thousand years, the rise and fall of dynasties was closely linked 88 Treasures from China Relate Five-Thousand Year History EXHIBITS Fan K’uan (c.980-1050), “Travelling Amid Streams and Mountains.” Wang Meng, “Forest Chamber Grotto at Chü-ch’ü” (after 1365). NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina covery of the Americas. Organized chronologically, the objects in the show presented the great artistic traditions of Chinese civilization over millennia, from the Neolithic period through the Eighteenth century A.D. Beginning with a room dedicated to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, the exhibi- tion progressed into the later dynasties, the T’ang (A.D. 618-907), Sung (960- 1279), Yüan (1272-1368), Ming (1368- 1644), and Ch’ing (1644-1911). This orga- nization, which allowed the viewer to compare the advances (or, in some cases, declines) not only of the levels of techno- logical achievement (e.g., in the produc- tion of porcelain and the development of the glazes, or in the pictorial techniques used to represent space), but also of world outlook, depending upon which philo- sophical current was favored by the rul- ing imperial strata. Such a change leaps out, for example, when comparing paint- ings from the Imperial Painting Acade- my created under the Sung Dynasty, with ones produced during the subse- quent Yüan, after the Mongols invaded and occupied China, and the Confucian Renaissance was destroyed by the expan- sion of Taoist influence. Click here for Full Issue of Fidelio Volume 6, Number 2, Summer 1997 © 1997 Schiller Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission strictly prohibited.
  • 3. 89 Government Promotion of the Arts During the Sung Dynasty, painting was organized under the auspices of a cen- tralized Imperial Painting Academy, and painters were recruited by the new government from all parts of the Empire to serve the needs of the imperi- al court. Over time, the traditions repre- sented by this group of artists became what is known today as the Sung acade- mic manner, “the culmination of cen- turies of achievement in mastering a naturalistic, closely descriptive and con- vincing portrayal of the physical world,” in the words of Maxwell K. Hearn, author of the catalogue The Splendors of Imperial China. Under the Emperor Hui-tsung (1101-1125), himself an accomplished painter and calligrapher, the arts were developed to the point where they became the example for all succeeding academies. Aside from landscape paint- ing, Hui-tsung’s academicians special- ized in religious figures, historical nar- ratives, genre painting, flowers, birds, and animals, all keenly observed and meticulously rendered. Many of the paintings from this peri- od remind a Western viewer of draw- ings and watercolors on the same sub- jects by later, great Western masters, such as Albrecht Dürer and Leonardo da Vinci. One of the most beautiful examples is the hanging scroll “Winter Play” [SEE front cover, this issue], attrib- uted to Su Han-ch’en (c.1130-60’s), a preeminent painter of children at the Southern Sung court. This painting is part of a set of hanging scrolls that prob- ably showed children in each of the four seasons. The portrayal of a young girl and her slightly younger playmate, is a strong indication that children of both sexes were prized in the imperial world. The children are depicted at play, bat- tling a “pretend-dragon” kitten, using, as their weapon, a banner adorned with a peacock feather. The Imperial Painting Academy was closed during the reign of the first Yüan emperor, Khubilai Khan (1215-1294), the grandson of Genghis Khan. Pictorial representation became introspective, and realistic representation as a product of the observation of nature practically disappeared. The sense of aerial (atmos- pheric) perspective achieved by the Sung painters, where the “white” spaces are not empty, but full of space, was lost. Compare, for example, such examples of Sung artistry as “Travelling Amid Streams and Mountains” of Fan K’uan (c.980-1050), with the Yüan artist Wang Meng’s (c.1308-1385) “Forest Chamber Grotto at Chü-ch’ü,” where the painter “abandons all suggestion of spatial reces- sion, and confronts the viewer with a densely textured wall of rock and water . . . creating a vision of an enclosed and sequestered environment that lies out- side of the real world.” East and West Unified A substantial portion of the treasures of the National Museum derive from the imperial collections of the Ch’ing Dynasty (1644-1911). It was during the Ch’ing Dynasty, established when the Manchus over- threw the Ming in 1644, that the Jesuit missionaries, whose first arrival in China had been Matteo Ricci in 1581, fully established themselves at the impe- rial court. The relations between the Jesuits and the first emperors of the Ch’ing Dynasty were such, that Jesuits shared responsibility for the education of the prince, along with his classical Confucian tutors. This prince would later become the famous emperor K’ang Hsi, under whom the collaboration between East and West achieved its highest level, a collaboration organized, on its European side, by the great Ger- man philosopher, Gottfried Leibniz. The science of Europe’s Golden Renais- sance, coupled with China’s tradition of the Twelfth-century Confucian Renais- sance of the philosopher Chu Hsi, engendered an era of extraordinary sci- entific and technological advance. Under K’ang Hsi, official art workshops were reestablished in the capital and in regional centers. The Imperial Kiln Complex in Ching-te-chuen was rebuilt, and became a renewed center of porce- lain production. One of the exhibit’s finest examples of East-West collaboration, is the silk handscroll “One Hundred Horses,” fin- ished in 1728, which gave birth to a new style by merging the best pictorial tech- niques of Europe and China. It was painted by Giuseppe Castiglione, a Jesuit missionary, who arrived in China at the age of twenty-seven. After several years of work at a glazing workshop, Castiglione took the Chinese name of Lang Shih-ning. Upon seeing “One Hundred Horses” for the first time, the Emperor Ch’ien-lung named Cas- tiglione principal court painter. Both this handscroll, and another one by Cas- tiglione entitled “Assembled Blessings,” are made in the traditional technique of Chinese painting in ink and mineral col- ors on silk, and the themes are also tra- ditionally Chinese, but both have a three-dimensional quality accomplished by the subtle use of the Western tech- nique of chiaroscuro, and Renaissance- developed perspective.Lang Shih-ning (Giuseppe Castiglione), “One Hundred Horses” (detail) (1728). NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina
  • 4. 90 Minimum and Maximum in Brushwork Almost all the pieces in paper or silk, and also some of the bronzes, were accompanied by calligraphic poems, a crucial aspect of Chinese painting to be understood by the West. Confucian teachings considered writing to be the moral act of a man who fulfilled his responsibilities to society as a whole— past, present, and future—as it was embodied in the person of the emperor, in his own family, or in a specific clan. Writing was also a prerequisite for the individual to be considered one of the literati (wen-ren), since, among other things, the need to memorize the com- position of thousands of calligraphic characters and their meanings, required many years of study. Lifelong dedication and practice were necessary to be able to write skillfully. Each calligraphic character is a com- position in itself, sometimes requiring as many as twenty-four brushstrokes. Aside from being part of the group of characters, each is an individual entity with intrinsic value. Chinese calligraphy has passed through many stages in its development to the present. Five masterpieces of calligraphy and painting on silk and paper from the T’ang (618-907) and Sung (960-1279) Dynasties were displayed, including “Poems Written at Huang-chou on the Cold Food Festival,” a handscroll by the most famous poet and callig- rapher, Su Shih (1037-1101), and “Bamboo,” by Wen T’ung (1018-1079), an early example of a subject that con- tinues to be a Chinese fa- vorite. The identity of the artistic idea in these two works, one “painting,” the other “calligraphy,” is evident. Many beautiful examples of cal- ligraphy from later periods were exhib- ited, including ones by Shen Chou, patriarch of the literati in Soochow dur- ing the Ming Dynasty. Shen Chou’s sixteen ink and color works on paper, entitled “Drawings from Life” (1494), are a group of cal- ligraphic paintings, where the essential char- acteristics and forms of the subject are represent- ed with a minimum of brushstrokes, but with total freedom. When the National Gallery exhibit- ed some of these draw- ings in the “Circa 1492” show in 1992, the public was able to compare them with drawings and watercolors from the Italian Renaissance. This time, an exhibition of works on paper entitled “Six Artists, Six Cen- turies,” was also on dis- play at the museum, so it was again possible to compare watercolors by Dürer with these extraordinary Chi- nese paintings. Concerning a civilization, five thou- sand years of continuous existence speak for themselves. “Splendors of Imperial China,” and the catalogue volumes issued to commemorate it, should gener- ate a true sense of admiration and respect for a culture and civilization lit- tle known in the West, but from which there is a great deal to be learned. —Ana María Mendoza Two catalogue volumes have been pub- lished to commemorate the exhibit. The full catalogue, “Possessing the Past: Trea- sures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei,” by Wen C. Fong and James C.Y. Wyatt, is 648 pages long, and is priced at $85. “Splendors of Imperial China: Trea- sures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei,” by Maxwell K. Hearn, is a beau- tiful, shorter (144 page) report of the exhib- it, priced at $35. Both volumes are pub- lished by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, N.Y. and the National Palace Muse- um, Taipei, and may be available in local libraries. Shen Chou, one of sixteen drawings from “Drawings from Life” (detail) (1494). Left: Su Shih, “Poems Written at Huang-chou on the Cold Food Festival” (detail) (1082). Below: Wen T’ung, “Bamboo” (detail) (c.1070). NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina
  • 5.
  • 6. Rival Museums Retrace Route of China’s Imperial Treasures Courtesy of Zhuang Ling A photograph showing the difficulties the imperial treasures sometimes encountered on the road to their hiding place By DAVID BARBOZA Published: July 6, 2010 CHONGQING, China — On a sweltering morning last month, a white-haired guide trudged up a muddy path, leading a group of scholars toward a bamboo grove on the outskirts of this western Chinese city. The site, he said, was where a large portion of China’s imperial treasures were once hidden inside several big wooden sheds. Slide Show The Imperial Treasure Route, Then and Now
  • 7. Courtesy of Zhuang Ling Members of the palace museum staff who helped move the artifacts to Chongqing. “They were stored right about here,” Hu Changjian, a local museum official, said of the artifacts, an unparalleled collection of more than a million objects from the Forbidden City in Beijing, including fine paintings, calligraphy, jade and porcelain dating back centuries. He added, “We think they dug caves in the hills behind us to store some of the treasures.” Photographers and documentary filmmakers traveling with the group of scholars recorded the scene, as the scholars, clutching notepads, scampered up a hill in search of caves. The scholars, from mainland China and Taiwan, were taking part in an extraordinary two-week research project, retracing the routes taken by the imperial treasures in the 1930s and 1940s, when they were being safeguarded from the ravages of civil war and Japanese aggression, not to mention floods, bandits and warlords. The project is extraordinary because it was organized by rival museums, the Palace Museum of Beijing and theNational Palace Museum in Taiwan, each of which claims to be the rightful home of the artifacts. The original Palace Museum in Beijing was split in two — its staff as well as its collection — in 1949, when the Nationalist government fell to the Communists and retreated to the island of Taiwan with thousands of supporters and a huge cargo of museum pieces. For decades there has been debate about ownership of the divided treasures. But in recent years the two museums have begun to collaborate on exhibitions in a stunning show of cross-Strait cooperation. On the scholars’ journey this summer, the talk was not of unification but of shared history and of a common desire to understand the remarkable events that both preserved the treasures and eventually led to their division. “We had a rough idea of how things happened, but we didn’t know the details,” said Li Wenru, deputy director at the Palace Museum in Beijing. “But we knew it was a miracle
  • 8. that in wartime over a million treasures were moved 10,000 kilometers, on roads, in water, by air, and nothing was lost.” The museum staff members who protected the artifacts on that 16-year odyssey, hiding them in bunkers, caves, temples, warehouses and even private homes, have all died. But some of their children were invited to participate in this year’s trip. Zhuang Ling, 72, says his father, who had been a cataloger of the collection, was one of the staff members charged with guarding the imperial treasures. He recalls living and traveling with them as a child, in the mountains outside Chongqing. “When the weather was good, they’d bring the paintings, calligraphy and books outside to give them some fresh air because it was too humid inside,” he said. “I could even see some of the landscape paintings.” The collection was put together by emperors, mostly in the centuries between the Song dynasty (960-1276) and the brief reign of Pu Yi, China’s last emperor, at the end of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). After the Qing fell, the imperial family kept the treasures. (In 1913 the family offered to sell them to the American industrialist and collector J. P. Morgan for $4 million; Morgan died shortly after his staff received the telegrams.) In 1924 the state expelled the imperial family from the Forbidden City, declared the collection national property and made it the foundation of a new Palace Museum. But after Japan invaded north China in 1931 and threatened to move toward Beijing, the government, fearing the artifacts might be destroyed or carted off to Japan, shipped them, in more than 19,000 wooden crates, south to Nanjing, the new capital, in early 1933. Then, just days before the Japanese destroyed Nanjing in 1937, they were divided into three groups and sent into hiding along three separate routes. Some of the most valuable objects ended up here in Chongqing, the wartime capital. Last month this humid, mountainous city was the seventh stop for the Chinese and Taiwanese scholars. They crowded into a rusted bank vault where some of the artifacts had been stored (it now houses sewing machines); visited the old central library, which had exhibited some of the treasures during the war; and trekked up to a warehouse that had been deemed safe for the treasures, they were told, because it was adjacent to a Buddhist temple and so unlikely to be attacked by Japanese forces. Mr. Hu, the Chongqing guide, added new details to the record, even as he confessed to having discovered only three of the four storage rooms at the warehouse site. Minutes later Mr. Li, from the Beijing museum, followed a railroad track up a hill and discovered what appeared to be the fourth warehouse space.
  • 9. After Japan surrendered in 1945, the treasures returned to Nanjing. But the journey was not over. Civil war between the Nationalist government and the Communists, which had begun in the 1920s and abated during the Japanese occupation, resumed. In 1948, with the Communists routing government forces in the north, Chiang Kai-shek, head of the Nationalists, ordered the most valuable treasures shipped to Taiwan, along with much of the nation’s gold supply. “The majority of the paintings from the imperial collection moved to Taiwan,” said Alfreda Murck, an authority on Chinese art at the Palace Museum in Beijing, though only about 20 percent of the collection made its way there. “They chose very well,” she added. Chiang’s decision divided more than just the collection. Liang Jinsheng, 62, said his father and grandfather helped protect the treasures in the 1930s and ’40s. But after the war, Mr. Liang’s brother and grandfather accompanied some of the treasures to Taiwan while Mr. Liang’s father stayed behind in China, following another part of the collection back to Beijing. “This trip made me realize how much my parents’ generation did,” said Mr. Liang, who catalogs artifacts at the Beijing museum and is a fifth-generation staff member there. In Taiwan the treasures were stored in a cave for years, out of fear that the Communists might invade or bomb the island; only in 1965 did the National Palace Museum of Taipei open. In Beijing, meanwhile, the Palace Museum had few visitors in the 1950s and ’60s. But the treasures had enormous symbolic value in both places. David Shambaugh, who with Jeannette Shambaugh Elliott wrote “The Odyssey of China’s Imperial Art Treasures,” said Chinese leaders had long viewed them as a means of validating their power, even under Communism. During the Cultural Revolution, when Red Guards tried to destroy anything associated with tradition, Mao ordered the museum protected. “Every successive regime used the collection to legitimize themselves with elites,” said Professor Shambaugh, a China scholar at George Washington University. “Mao and the Communists saw themselves as the inheritors of 5,000 years of history.” There has been no dialogue between the two museums about whether the treasures should be unified in one location, officials of both institutions say. And in Chongqing and elsewhere on the trip, the subject of ownership was carefully avoided. “There’s only one” palace museum, said Mr. Li of the Beijing museum, in that “the two are one.” And Chu Huiliang of Taipei said, “Both sides don’t talk about this issue because we’re not the ones who can resolve it.”
  • 10. The museum officials insisted that it wasn’t important where the treasures were kept, only that they were preserved. The two museums are teaming up for a joint exhibition in Beijing later this year, about their travels following the route of the imperial treasures. And in July 2011 they plan to hold a joint exhibition in Taipei, joining two parts of an ancient painting from the Yuan dynasty that was divided when the Nationalists fled. Still, for the moment, the Taipei museum has no plans to send any of its objects to Beijing, and is unlikely to do so until the Beijing government formally agrees that it will not seize artifacts lent by Taiwan. As hopeful as the new cooperation is, museum officials on both sides acknowledge, it has its limits With Compliments : the New York Times Amblem of Wealth Puyi was last remembered in the Movie ; “The Last Emperor ” directed by Bernardo Bertolucci , which grossed over USD 43,984,230 in Box office . During the course before he was evicted from the imperial palace ,the Last Emperor of China, described how his last few loyalties and eunuchs would settle their severance pensions on their own by smuggling invaluable artifacts collected by his ancestors of the Qing dynasty for sale. Although many have been stolen , lost but yet there are glimpse of hope as truly ,not all are lost , as a massive 696,000 of these artifacts had actually been moved to Taiwan secretly just after the Cultural Revolution period in China In 2011 ,while the media were busy reporting on the lucky mystical powers of the “Tibetan Dragon Sutra” which had been released for public viewing in year 2011 in Taiwan , not many has remembered why and how did such a huge collection of artifacts had landed in Taiwan . The "Dragon's Sutras, Tibetan language edition" was once housed in the Buddha Hall of the Cining Palace inside the Forbidden City. Buddhists believe that someone who has the chance to read the entire compilation would be blessed for seven generations of good luck
  • 11. People were amazed and fancied only about how former President Chen Shui-bian took his last opportunity to have his private viewing of the magical artifact shortly before he left his Taiwan presidency office in 2008, no one seems to wonder why a copy of the sutra in now in China , with another portion in China . How and why were all the artifacts moved to Taiwan ? Does the museum has similar other artifacts with such Lucky Mystical Powers ! While Presidents are given quality time with original copies, and people with millions to spare can have the next second best thing, the majority of the people are pretty much kept from it. Is there another Mythical products that equalize to provide such blessing Are there other artifacts or ancient mystic symbols which has such similar capacity as the Dragon sutra collection Can similar Prosperity symbols actually help you inbuilding wealth and bless the user with se vengeneration of good luck also . Which could be the other Ancient Mystic symbols that eve ry individual can be blessed to engage with ? Can prosperity symbols actually help you in building Wealth with Abundance ? Unlocking Wealth Luck Potential The most important luck that all working individual concern themselves with each and every day is of course WEALTH LUCK . Since Ancient times ,there have been several myths and rituals for creating wealth over the centuries and one of them is by the empowering of Mystic symbols and objects to attract wealth and manifesting abundance MONEY TROUBLES? LACK OF SUCCESS? Will you be one of those who turns your Life around with this ancient China 220 BC Mystic© Symbol which attracts Wealth & Success Today we will explore on the subject of some ancient symbols from China which is hardly known in the West. This is a very ancient technique of welcoming wealth and success from the orient which has been tried and tested there for hundreds of years. Many tycoons in the Pacific Rim reputedly swear byit and many professional executives from S outh Asian economies are said to carry one with themor have them at home . For years this Mystic ©Symbol has provided this amazing luck and wealthattraction mystic to orientals in an astoun dinglysimple wealth creation technique but behind thatsimple exterior lies an ancient belief which iscomplex and fully accords with old ancient China teaching since 220 B.C.
  • 12. Ancient China Mystic 220 B.C Bestows Wealth with Abundance: Find Out China's Well Kept Historiographic Tradition to Attracting Wealth