The document provides images and descriptions of important works of art from ancient civilizations including a stele from ancient Mesopotamia, an Assyrian lamassu figure, the Persepolis palace from Persia, and art from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It also features wall paintings from Pompeii including scenes from the Villa of the Mysteries depicting Dionysiac mystery rites and the Ixion Room showing the myth of Ixion.

1. Study Images for AP Art History
Ancient and Classical Worlds

2. Stele of Naram-Sin
c. 2254-2218 BCE

3. Lamasu. Human-headed
winged bull facing. Bas-relief
from King Sargon II's palace at
Dur Sharrukin in Assyria (now
Khorsabad in Iraq), c. 713–716
BCE.

4. Assyrian Art
Lamassu
• Guardian figure protects
entrances into palaces
• Combination man and animals
• Winged, hoofed
• Has five legs: two if you look from
the front, four as you look from
the side

5. Audience Hall at Persepolis (c. 500 BCE)

6. Portion from the Egyptian Book of the Dead

7. Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir al-Bahrri c1490-1460 bce
“The Place of the Northern Monastery”

8. Karnak Temple Complex

9. Funerary Krater

10. Grave Stele of Hegeso

11. Nike Adjusting
Her Sandal

12. Nike of Samothrace

13. The Temple of Athena Nike

14. 447 B.C. – 438 B.C. Classical Period
Iktinos and Kallikrates – architects
Pheidias - Sculptor

15. Hellenistic Sculpture
Laocoön and His Sons
• Negative space
• Many viewpoints, eyes wander
everywhere
• Laocoön trying to tell the Trojans
that the Greek horse was booby-
trapped
• Strangling of figures by snakes
sent by the gods to silence them
• Deep cutting into stone to create
shadows
• Extreme musculature
• Agonizing expressions
• Figure to the right added later

17. AraPacis c. 13 – 19 BCE

18. Ara Pacis, South Wall

19. Ara Pacis, 13 – 9 BCE,
Rome
Fertility and Fecundity

20. Trier, Basilica of Constantine (audience hall)

21. Audience Hall of Constantine at Trier, early 4th century

22. Wall Paintings from Pompeii

23. Second Style – 1st century BCE

24. Pompeii,
60 – 50 BCE
Villa of the Mysteries

26. Dionysiac Mystery Frieze
•Fresco, Foreshortening
•2nd Pompeian Style painting
•Large figures in a frieze-like format
•Initiation rites into the female cult of
Dionysos
•Figures act out mystery rites
•Painted marble panels at bottom, from the
First Pompeian style of painting
•Bright Pompeian red background pushes
figures forward
•No linear perspective, but three dimensional
illusionism
•Figures interact with each other on adjacent
wall spaces
Villa of the Mysteries

28. Ixion Room
•Fresco, linear perspective, atmospheric
perspective
•Foreshortening
•Ixion murdered his father-in-law and planned
to seduce Hera
•Zeus struck him with a thunderbolt and
ordered him to be tied to a wheel in hell
•Scheme of red and white fields
•On bottom painted to resemble marble slabs
•On top, architectural vistas that do not align
to a single viewpoint
•Thin delicate motifs alternate with framed
mythological scenes

29. Atrium, House of the Silver Wedding