The document discusses respiration at the cellular level. It defines respiration as the breakdown of organic compounds through oxidation to release energy in the form of ATP. It describes the ultrastructure of mitochondria, including their double membrane structure and folded inner membrane containing F1 particles. It outlines the key steps in respiration: glycolysis in the cytoplasm, the Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, and the electron transport system along the inner mitochondrial membrane.

1. Respiration
It is defined as an intracellular process of oxidation in
which complex organic compounds are broken down in a
step wise manner with the release of energy which is
immediately converted into metabolically usable form of
energy i.e. ATP (COPIE)

3. Ultrastructure of mitochondrion
It is polymorphic, usually elliptical.
Covered by double membrane, made up of
lipoproteins.
Outer membrane is smooth and permeable, inner
membrane is highly folded and selectively permeable.
The space between the membranes is called as outer
chamber which is filled with watery fluid.
The folds of inner membrane are called as cristae,
studded with F1 particles.
It encloses the inner chamber which is filled with
homogenous, proteinaceous matrix.
F1 particles can be further differentiated into Head
piece, stalk piece and base piece.

4. Ultrastructure of mitochondrion
contd…..
 MDNA, ribosomes are present. They are self-
duplicating, semi-autonomous cell organelles.

5. Glucose (6C)
Pyruvic acid (3C)
NADH2 & FADH2
CO2 & H2O
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Kreb’s Cycle
Matrix
ETS
F1 particle
Steps in Respiration

6. P P Ribose Sugar Adenine
a b
Adenosine
g

7. Glucose (6C)
Glucose -6- phosphate
Dihydroxyacetonephosphate 3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde
Hexokinase ATP
ADP
1,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid
Fructose -6- phosphate
Fructose -1,6- diphosphate
3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde
3-Phosphoglyceric acid
2-Phosphoglyceric acid
2-Phosphoenol Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid
ATP
ADP
ADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Phosphofructokinase
Aldolase Cleavage
Isomerase
Pyruvate kinase
NAD
NADH2
Phosphoglyceraldehydedehydrogenase
Phosphoglyceromutase
Phosphoglycerokinase
Enolase
H3PO4

8. Good
Gracious
Father
Franklin
Did
Pay
Dinesh
Prakash
Printed
Paise
Properly
Glucose
Glucose -6- phosphate
Fructose -6- phosphate
Fructose 1,6 diphosphate
Di hydroxy acetone phosphate
3-Phosphoglyceric acid
1,3 diphosphoglyceric acid
3 Phosphoglyceric acid
2 Phosphoglyceric acid
2 Phosphoenol pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid

9. Pyruvic acid
Acetyl
Acetyl Co A
Oxalo acetic acid
Malic acid
Fumaric acid
Succinic acid
Citric acid
Cis aconitic acid
Isocitric acid
Oxalosuccinic acid
Keto glutaric acid
Succinyl Co A
CO2 2H
NAD
NADH2
2H
NAD
NADH2
2H
NAD
NADH2
2H
NAD
NADH2
2H
FAD
FADH2
H2O
H2O
CO2
CO2
H2O
GDP GTP
ADP ATP

10. Oh!
Citric
Acid
Is
Ofcourse
A
Silly
Stupid
Funny
Molecule
Oxalo acetic acid
Citric acid
cis Aconitic acid
Iso citric acid
Oxalo Succinic acid
Alpha keto glutaric acid
Succinyl coenzyme A
Succinic acid
Fumaric acid
Malic acid

11. Can
Cool
Intelligent
Old
Amit
Solve
Some
Foreign
Ministers
Operations
Citric acid
cis Aconitic acid
Iso citric acid
Oxalo Succinic acid
Alpha keto glutaric acid
Succinyl coenzyme A
Succinic acid
Fumaric acid
Malic acid
Oxalo acetic acid

12. Oye
Chalu
Aditya
Its
OK
Go
Say
Sorry
Faltu
Manisha
Oxalo acetic acid
Citric acid
cis Aconitic acid
Iso citric acid
Oxalo Succinic acid
Alpha keto glutaric acid
Succinyl coenzyme A
Succinic acid
Fumaric acid
Malic acid

13. NADH2
NAD
FADH2
FAD
FMN
FMNH2
Co.Q (red)
Co.Q (oxi)
H+
matrix
Cyt b.c1
Cyt c
Cyt a.a3
1/2O2
H2O
ADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
Electron Transport System
e-
e-
e-
e-

14. Anaerobic Respiration
Incomplete oxidation of respiratory substrate in the
absence of Oxygen to yield carbondioxide &Ethylalcohol
is called anaerobic respiration.
Releases less amount of energy takes place in Bacteria
&Fungi.

15. Mechanism of Anaerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
C6H12O6 + 2NAD + 2ADP + 2iP  2CH3-CO-COOH + 2NADH2 + 2ATP
2CH3-CO-COOH  2CH3-CHO + 2CO2 Pyruvate decarboxylase TPP + Zn++
TPP – coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate
Decarboxylation
2CH3-CHO + 2NADH2  2C2H5OH + 2NAD Dehydrogenase
Reduction
2CH3-CO-COOH + 2NADH2  2CH3CHOH-COOH + 2NAD Dehydrogenase

16. Respiratory Quotient
The ratio of volume of CO2 evolved to the volume of O2
consumed in respiration is called respiratory quotient.
When carbohydrates are used as substrate and they
are completely oxidised the RQ is 1
When FATS/PROTEINS are used as substrate the RQ
is less than 1 (Fats—0.7 and Proteins– 0.9)
In case of anaerobic respiration RQ is always infinity as
CO2 is evolved without taking O2.

17. Best
of
Luck