Ethernet is a widely used local area network technology that operates at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI model. It uses CSMA/CD access method to share the transmission medium and detect collisions. Key Ethernet standards include 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T, and 10GBase-T for copper cable, as well as 100Base-FX and 1000Base-LX for fiber-optic cable. Switches help improve network performance by segmenting collision domains and enabling full-duplex transmissions.

3. Network Communication Basics

6. Binary to Decimal Chart

7. Hex to Binary to Decimal

8. Ethernet at Layers 1 and 2

17. CSMA/CD (cont’d.) Figure 5-12 CSMA/CD process

18. CSMA/CD (cont’d.)

27. Ethernet Standards for Copper Cable (cont’d.) Figure 5-13 A 10Base-T network

29. Ethernet Standards for Copper Cable (cont’d.) Figure 5-14 A 100Base-T network

38. Summary of Common Ethernet Standards Table 5-1 Common Ethernet standards

41. Ethernet Frames

44. PoE (cont’d.) Figure 5-16 PoE-capable switch Figure 5-17 PoE adapters

45. Ethernet/Channel Bonding