For class 10

1. Water Resource
Presented by: Tapas Das Adhikari (VVR)

2. Induction:
 Water distinguishes our planet compared to all the others.
 It is important because it is needed for life to exist.
 Many uses of water include agricultural, industrial,
household, recreational and environmental activities.
 It is know as renewable resources.
 Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water.
 There are many regions where our freshwater resources are
inadequate to meet domestic, economic development and
environmental needs.

4. Some facts about water resource
 In earth we have 70.9% water and 29.1% land.
 Available of water – 97.5% in ocean and 2.5% as a
fresh water.
 Available of fresh water- 70% in ice sheets & glacier
and 30% in ground water.
 India receives nearly 4% of the global precipitation
 Due to many reasons amount of fresh water has been
decreasing.
 By 2025, it is predicted that large parts of India will
having absolute water scarcity.

5. Reasons responsible for water scarcity in India
Seasonal
variation
Huge
population
& their
over
exploitation
Arrival of
MNC &
industrilisati
on
Urbanisatio
n
Pollution

8. Why need to conserve?
 To safeguard ourselves from health hazards,
 To ensure food security,
 To continue our livelihoods and productive activities
 To prevent degradation of our natural ecosystems.
 Over exploitation and mismanagement of water
resources will impoverish this resource and cause
ecological crisis that may have profound impact on our
lives.

9. 1. Adopt laws and acts to conserve water
2. Use water saving methods and technology
3. Prevent water pollution
4. Watershed development
5. Rainwater harvesting
6. Water recycling and reuse
7. Ground water recharging

11. 1. The central pollution control board along with state
pollution control boards should monitor the pollution
2. Frequent supervision is essential
3. The other rivers such as Sabarmati, Gomati, Kai,
Addayar, Vaigai, also to monitor for pollution
4. Monitoring the industries located along the river banks

12. 1. Low quality of water can be used for industries
2. Water from domestic centers to be used for garden
3. Water used for cleaning vehicles also used for
gardening

14. Integrated water resource management
Archaeological and historical records show that from
ancient times we have been constructing sophisticated
hydraulic structures like dams.
What is dam?
A dam is a barrier
across flowing
water that obstructs,
directs the flow,
often creating
a reservoir, lake.

15. Hydraulic structure in ancient time
 In the first century B.C., Sringaverapura near Allahabad
had sophisticated water harvesting system channeling the
flood water of the river Ganga.
 During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and
irrigation systems were extensively built.
 Evidences of sophisticated irrigation works have also been
found in Kalinga, (Orissa), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra
Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka), Kolhapur (Maharashtra),
etc.
 In the 11th Century, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest
artificial lakes of its time was built.
 In the 14th Century, the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was
constructed by Iltutmish for supplying water to Siri Fort
area.

17. Multipurpose river valley project
Water Resources Projects are planned for various
purpose like
 irrigation,
 Hydro Power Generation,
 Water Supply for Drinking and industrial purpose,
 Flood control & Navigation etc.
Projects which serves more then one purpose are
called as Multipurpose projects.
Exampe: The Sutluj-Beas river basin, the Bhakra – Nangal
project water is being used both for hydel power production and
irrigation. Similarly, the Hirakud project in the Mahanadi basin
integrates conservation of water with flood control.

18. Multipurpose river valley project become the subject
of opposition and re- examination
 They lead to the displacement of human, plants,
animals, chiefly from small tribal communities;
 Increase the risk of earthquakes and flood
 Threaten for regional ecosystem through reducing, the
flow of water from the rivers into the seas.
 Down stream is dried and it influenced the downstream
fisheries.

19. On the outline political map of India provide to you
locate and
label the following with appropriate symbol.
1. Sardar sarovar dam
2. Tehri dam
3. Ranapratap sagar dam
4. Hirakund dam
5. Nagarjunasagar dam
6. Bhakra nangal dam
7. Salal project

21. Rainwater harvesting
Traditional methods
 In hilly and mountainous regions, people built
diversion channels like ‘gul’ or ‘kul’ in western
Himalaya for agriculture.
 Roof-top rain water harvesting was commonly
practiced to store drinking water particularly in
Rajasthan.
 In West Bengal, people develop inundation channels to
irrigate their fields.
 In semi arid regions it was converted into rain fed
storage structures called khadins and jahads that
allowed the water to stand and moist the soil.

22. Rainwater harvesting in semi arid region of
Rajasthan
 All houses traditionally had underground tanks for
storing drinking water.
 The tanks were part of the well developed roof- top
rainwater harvesting system.
 The tanks were built inside the main house giving
cooling effect to the rooms in the summer.
 Those tanks were connected to the sloping roofs of the
houses through a pipe.
 Rain falling on these rooftops would travel down the
pipe and stored in these underground tanks.

24. Bamboo drip irrigation
Bamboo Drip Irrigation system is a 200 year old system of
tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipe
and transporting water from higher to lower regions
through gravity.

27. Activity

29. Thank you….