TimePass

1. WATER RESOURCES

2. Water: some facts and figures

Three fourth of the earth’s
surface is covered with
water
AREA UNDER LAND AND WATER
Water
Land

3. Water: some facts and figures

Out of 100% of water 96.5 % of the total volume of
the world’s water is SALINE
2.5 % is FRESHWATER
70% of freshwater occurs as ice sheets and glaciers
29% as Groundwater

4. Water: some facts and figures
 India gets 4% of the global precipitation
Land area of India is 2.4% of the world
India holds 19% of the world’s population

5. Hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a
renewable resource.

6. Is water renewable resource?

7. Water Scarcity and the Need for Water
Conservation and Management
 The availability of water resources varies over space and time.
 Water scarcity is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use and u
water among different social groups.
 Water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated are
agriculture.
 In some areas, water is sufficiently available to meet the needs of
those areas still suffer from water scarcity due to bad quality of wa
 By 2025, it is predicted that large parts of India will join countries o
absolute water scarcity

8. If the following conditions are
Being continued….
Industrial waste disposal to water
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers
Uses of chemical pesticides
Rapid Urbanization
Over population
Global warming -- Drought
Can we call water a renewable
resource?

9.  India – A Monsoon Country
 100 – 120 days experience monsoon
 Still facing water scarcity – Why?
Growing Population
Expanded irrigation
Intensive Industrialisation and
Urbanisation
Hydroelectric Power generation

10.  India has 10360 small and big rivers
 Mawsinram is the wettest place in the
world
 Water is sufficiently available - but the
quality…. ?
 Chemical pesticides and fertilizers
Polluted by domestic and
industrial waste
Reasons for the bad qualityof water..

11. The need of the hour is to conserve and manage
our water resources. How do we do it?
•Safeguard ourselves from health hazards.
•Ensure food security, continuation of our
livelihoods and productive activities.
•Prevent the degradation of our natural
ecosystems.

12.  Why water resource is needed to be conserved?
 To ensure food security
 For the continuation of our
livelihoods
To ensure healthy life
To prevent degradation of our
ecosystem

13. Water Water everywhere, Not a drop to Drink.

15.  Multinational companies ever increasing it consists to more
pollution of water.
 As a required heavy power requirement India hydroelectric power
contributes approximately 22% of the total electricity produced.
 Benz population urban lifestyle also one of the reason.
 Expansion of cities also one of the reason for water depletion.
 India is using more water for the human usage only.
 Quality of life enhanced living capacity also one of the reason for
water scarcity.
 Jal jivan mission goal is every rural household get assured supply of
55 L of water per capita per day.

17. Multipurpose river valley projects —’The Temples
Modem India’:
 Jawahar Lai Nehru claimed that multipurpose projects are ‘The Temple
India’,
 because they were thought of as the vehicle that would lead the nation
development and progress.
 He believed that these projects with their integrated water resource m
approach would integrate development of agriculture and the village e
with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy.

18. Dams
A dam is a barrier across flowing water that
obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often
creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.
“Dam” refers to the reservoir rather than the
structure.

19. GRANT ANICUT or KALLANAI
 By the Cholas king Karikala
around the 2nd
Century AD
 It is one of the oldest water
regulator structures in the
world, which is still in use.
It built on the Kaveri river -- TN

20. Sringaverapura water harvesting system
A sophisticated water
harvesting system built in the 1st
Century B.C. at Allahabad, UP

21. Nagrajuna konda –Andhra Pradesh

22. Bhopal lake –
Madhya
Pradesh

23. BHOPAL LAKE – MADHYA PRADESH
 Built between 1005 – 1055 AD
by the Malwa King
It is a source of drinking
water of the city

24. HAUZ KHAS – DELHI
Hauz means Water Tank
Khas means Royal Royal water tank

25. HAUZ KHAS - DELHI
It was built by the
Allauddin Khilji – 1296 -
1316- to supply water
for the inhabitants of
Siri Fort

26. HAUZ-I- shamsi Built by
Iltumish Mehrauli

27. How do dams help us in conserving
and managing water?
Dams were traditionally built
to impound rivers and
rainwater that could be used
later to irrigate agricultural
areas.

28. Uses of Dams
 Dams are built,
 To impound rivers and rainwater that can be used later to irrigate agricultural fields.
 For electricity generation.
 Water supply for domestic and industrial uses.
 Flood control.
 Recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.

30. Side Effects of Creating Dams

31. The biggest dam in India:
TEHRI on Bhagirathi river
Height: 260.5 meters
Length: 575 meters
River: Bhagirathi River
Location: Uttarakhand

32. The highest dam in India:
Bhakra Dam on Sutlej river
with a height of 225 meters

33. The longest dam in India:
the Hirakud on Mahanadi river
Total Length: 25.79 km
(16.03 mi)
Length of Main Dam:4.8 km
(3.0 mi)
River: Mahanadi
Location: Odisha

34. Why multi-purpose projects and large dams
have come under great controversy?
 Regulating and damming of river
affect their natural flow causing poor
sediment flow and excessive
sedimentation at the bottom of the
reservoir.
 It controls the migration of aquatic
fauna
 It makes submergence of the existing
vegetation

35. Why multi-purpose projects and large dams
have come under great controversy?
 It leads large scale displacement of
local communities
 It destroys habitat of millions of
flora and fauna
 It leads the degradation of soil due
to the continuous irrigation

36. Who are the beneficiaries of Multi-
purpose projects?
The landowners
Large farmers
Industrialists
Few urban centers

37. Inter-state water disputes
Kaveri river water dispute between
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
Disputes have been started since 1870
between Princely State of Mysore and
Madras Presidency

38. Inter-state water disputes
Krishna river water dispute between
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Maharashtra
Maharashtra – 303 KM
Karnataka -- 480 KM
Andhra Pradesh – 517 KM

39. Inter-state water disputes
Yamuna river water disputes among
UP, Haryana and Delhi
Godavari river water disputes
among Maharashtra, AP,
Karnataka, MP, Odisha and
Chhattisgarh

40. Inter-national water disputes
Indus river water disputes between
India and Pakistan
Kosi river water disputes between
India and Nepal
Brahmaputra water disputes
between India and China

42. River inter-linking project in India

43. River inter-linking project in India
 Aim of river linking project -- Transfer of water from
surplus to water deficit areas in the country.
 Disadvantages
 Huge investment needed for the infrastructure
 It leads to the disorder of physical settings
 Leads to the causes of natural disaster
 It causes the irreparable damage of the
ecosystem
 Habitat destruction

44. Rain Water Harvesting
 Rainwater harvesting is a simple method by which rainfall is collected for future usage.
 The collected rainwater may be stored, utilised in different ways or directly used for recharge
purposes.
 Different methods have been adopted in different areas for Rain Water Harvesting.

45. 1.In hill and mountainous regions, people have built
diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western
Himalayas for agriculture.

46. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is commonly pract
to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan.

47. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields

48. The tankas are part of the well-developed
rooftop rainwater harvesting system and are
built inside the main house or the courtyard. This
is mainly practised in Rajasthan,