The document summarizes Romanesque art from 1000-1200 AD and provides context for its origins and decline after the fall of Rome. It describes typical Romanesque architectural structures like churches, castles, and monasteries. It then highlights some notable Romanesque artworks including sculptures from cathedrals and metalworks. Gothic art developed in France out of Romanesque art in the mid-12th century, spreading to other media. Key Gothic artworks included sculptures from Chartres Cathedral and frescoes by Simone Martini.

1. Romanesque Art
(1000-1200 AD)
• refers to the art of Europe from approximately 1000
AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century,
or later, depending on region.

2. ROMANESQUE BUILDING TYPES
• Churches
• Castles
• Monasteries
• Fortified Towns
Norman - Romanesquein Britain
Ottonian - Romanesquein Germany

3. THE DECLINE OF ROME AND THE
BEGINNING OF THE DARK AGES
Romewasoccupied by 'barbarians' in 476. TheRoman Empirein
theWest had already cometo an end in A.D. 475.
• Franks- France
• Burgundians- Burgundy
• Lombards- Lombardy
• Goths/Visigoths- Gothic
• Vandals- 'vandalism‘
Becauseof theseinvasions, RomanesqueArchitecturewas
obsessed with security, each building wasafortress.
Consant warfarerendered thecondition of thepeopleunsettled
and craftsmanship wasconsuquently at alow ebb.

4. ORIGIN OF ROMANESQUE ART
• Romanesquestyleiscalled that becauseit isalittlelikeRoman
architecturewith similaritiesbetween thebarrel vault and Roman
arch, but it ismadearound 100-1200 AD instead during the
Roman Empire.
• TheRomanesquestyleowed something to Byzantineart, which
wascarried westwards
along thegreat traderoutes, by way of such centersasVenice,
Ravennaand Marseilles.

5. NOTABLE ARTWORKS
• Sculptures
Pórtico da Gloria, Santiago Cathedral.Pórtico da Gloria, Santiago Cathedral.
The coloring once common to much RomanesqueThe coloring once common to much Romanesque
sculpture has been preserved.sculpture has been preserved.
Man and confrontedMan and confronted
animals, Cahors Cathedralanimals, Cahors Cathedral

6. • Metalworks
The Silver Ardagh ChaliceThe Silver Ardagh Chalice
The Gloucester candlestick, early 12th centuryThe Gloucester candlestick, early 12th century
Doors at Hildesheim Cathedral.Doors at Hildesheim Cathedral.
Detail of Cain Killing Abel.Detail of Cain Killing Abel.

7. • Fresco
16th century Italian cycle in fresco with 21 scenes16th century Italian cycle in fresco with 21 scenes
from Annunciation to Resurrectionfrom Annunciation to Resurrection
Apse of Sant Climent de Taüll, a CatalanApse of Sant Climent de Taüll, a Catalan
fresco by the Master of Taüll, now infresco by the Master of Taüll, now in
Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya.Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya.

8. • Manuscript Illumination
The Three Magi from the St. Albans Psalter,The Three Magi from the St. Albans Psalter,
English, 12th century.English, 12th century.

9. Gothic artGothic art
•• was a style of Medieval art thatwas a style of Medieval art that
developed in France out of Romanesque art in thedeveloped in France out of Romanesque art in the
mid-12th century, led by the concurrent developmentmid-12th century, led by the concurrent development
of Gothic architecture.of Gothic architecture.
•• Primary media in the Gothic periodPrimary media in the Gothic period
included sculpture, panel painting,included sculpture, panel painting,
stained glass, fresco and illuminated manuscripts.stained glass, fresco and illuminated manuscripts.
The easily recognizable shifts in architecture fromThe easily recognizable shifts in architecture from
Romanesque to Gothic, and Gothic to Renaissance styles,Romanesque to Gothic, and Gothic to Renaissance styles,
are typically used to define the periods inare typically used to define the periods in
art in all media, although in many ways figurativeart in all media, although in many ways figurative
art developed at a different pace.art developed at a different pace.

10. ORIGIN OF GOTHIC ART
•• Gothic art emerged in Île-de-France, France, in theearly 12thGothic art emerged in Île-de-France, France, in theearly 12th
century at theAbbey Church of St Denisbuilt by Abbot Suger.century at theAbbey Church of St Denisbuilt by Abbot Suger.
•• Thestylerapidly spread beyond itsoriginsin architecturetoThestylerapidly spread beyond itsoriginsin architectureto
sculpture, both monumental and personal in size, textileart, andsculpture, both monumental and personal in size, textileart, and
painting, which took avariety of forms, including fresco, stainedpainting, which took avariety of forms, including fresco, stained
glass, theilluminated manuscript, and panel painting.glass, theilluminated manuscript, and panel painting.
•• Iconography wasaffected by changesin theology, with depictionsof theIconography wasaffected by changesin theology, with depictionsof the
Assumption of Mary gaining ground on theolder Death of theVirgin, and inAssumption of Mary gaining ground on theolder Death of theVirgin, and in
devotional practicesdevotional practices
such astheDevotio Moderna, which produced new treatmentsof Christ insuch astheDevotio Moderna, which produced new treatmentsof Christ in
subjectssuch astheMan of Sorrows, PensiveChrist and Pietà, whichsubjectssuch astheMan of Sorrows, PensiveChrist and Pietà, which
emphasized hishuman suffering and vulnerability, in aparallel movement toemphasized hishuman suffering and vulnerability, in aparallel movement to
that in depictionsof theVirgin.that in depictionsof theVirgin.

11. •• Theterm ''Gothic wasused first timein 16th CenturyTheterm ''Gothic wasused first timein 16th Century
for theItalianfor theItalian Gio rgio VasariGio rgio Vasari, agreat art historian., agreat art historian.
•• Itscriticssaw thistypeof Medieval art asunrefined and tooItscriticssaw thistypeof Medieval art asunrefined and too
remotefrom theaesthetic proportionsand shapesof Classical art.remotefrom theaesthetic proportionsand shapesof Classical art.
•• Renaissanceauthorsbelieved that theSack of Romeby theRenaissanceauthorsbelieved that theSack of Romeby the
Gothic tribesin 410 had triggered thedemiseof theClassicalGothic tribesin 410 had triggered thedemiseof theClassical
world and all thevaluesthey held dear.world and all thevaluesthey held dear.
BACKGROUND & HISTORY

12. •• In itsbeginning, Gothic art wasinitially called "French work"In itsbeginning, Gothic art wasinitially called "French work"
(OpusFrancigenum), thusattesting thepriority of Francein the(OpusFrancigenum), thusattesting thepriority of Francein the
creation of thisstyle.creation of thisstyle.
•• Raphael claimed that thepointed archesof northern architectureRaphael claimed that thepointed archesof northern architecture
werean echo of theprimitivehutstheGermanic forest dwellersformedwerean echo of theprimitivehutstheGermanic forest dwellersformed
by bending treestogether - amyth which would resurfacemuch later in aby bending treestogether - amyth which would resurfacemuch later in a
morepositivesensein thewritingsof theGerman Romantic movement.morepositivesensein thewritingsof theGerman Romantic movement.
"Gothic art" wasstrongly criticized by French authorssuch asBoileau, LaBruyère,"Gothic art" wasstrongly criticized by French authorssuch asBoileau, LaBruyère,
Rousseau, beforebecoming arecognized form of art, and thewording becomingRousseau, beforebecoming arecognized form of art, and thewording becoming
fixed.fixed.

13. NOTABLE ARTWORKS
• Sculptures
The Western (Royal) Portal atThe Western (Royal) Portal at
Chartres Cathedral (ca. 1145).Chartres Cathedral (ca. 1145).
These architectural statuesThese architectural statues
are the earliest Gothicare the earliest Gothic
sculptures and were asculptures and were a
revolution in style and therevolution in style and the
model for a generationmodel for a generation
of sculptors.of sculptors.
International Gothic Mary MagdaleneInternational Gothic Mary Magdalene
in St. John Cathedral in Toruńin St. John Cathedral in Toruń

14. Gothic sculpture, late 15th century.Gothic sculpture, late 15th century.

15. • Frescoes
Simone Martini (1285–1344)Simone Martini (1285–1344)
French late Gothic frescosFrench late Gothic frescos

16. • Manuscripts and printmaking

17. ManuscriptHours of Jeanne d'Evreux, by Jean Pucelle, Paris, 1320sManuscriptHours of Jeanne d'Evreux, by Jean Pucelle, Paris, 1320s

18. • Stained Glass

20. Thank you!Thank you! 