This document provides an overview of biology as an academic subject. It begins by defining biology as the study of living things, including their structure, life processes, characteristics, and interactions with the environment. It outlines several key characteristics of living things and discusses the importance of studying biology to understand ourselves, diseases, and find new treatments. The document also describes several major fields of study within biology, including areas focused on structure and function, grouping of organisms, development, environments, and applied fields. It concludes by listing various careers that are related to the study of biology.

1. BIOLOGY FORM 4

2. SUBTOPICS
1.1 The Study of Biology
1.2 Scientific Investigation

3. 1.1 - THE STUDY OF
BIOLOGY
Learning Outcomes :
• To state what the study of Biology
is,
• To explain the importance of
Biology,
• To list the different fields of study in
Biology,
• To list the careers related to
Biology,

4. What is Biology?
• Do you know what is the meaning
of ‘Biology’?
• Biology comes from Greek
word….
• Biology is ………..

5. What is Biology?
• Includes studying
•The structure & cellular organisation & function
of living things,
•The life processes of living things such as
respiration, growth, development, reproduction…
•The characteristics of different groups @ categories
of living things,
•The plant & animal life of a specific area or region,
•The interaction of living things with one another &
with their environment

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING
THINGS
• Response to stimuli
• Nutrition
• Respiration
• Metabolism
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Excretion
• Able to adapt to different environments
• Locomotion

7. IMPORTANCE OF
BIOLOGY
• To learn more about ourselves (best
reason)
• To understand heredity & the
inheritance of genetic abnormalities
that cause diseases.
• To understand the function of
organisms
• To find treatment for diseases (create
new medicine)
• For leisure – gardening, fishing,
cooking & bird-watching

8. IMPORTANCE OF
• BIOLOGY
Helps researcHers to study Human
biology – slow aging process, cure
genetic diseases & Help paralysed
people by making nerve cells grow
again
• For better management on
environmental problems
• improved quality & production oF
Food
• provides numerous opportunities
For rewarding & cHallenging
career, especially in biotecHnology

9. FIELDS
OF
STUDY IN
BIOLOGY

10. STRUCTURE &
FUNCTION
• Anatomy – the structure & organisation of
organisms
• Biochemistry – elements, compounds & chemical
reactions in living organisms
• Cytology - cells
• Histology - tissues
• Morphology – the form @ shape of an organism
• Physiology – mechanical, physical & biochemical
functions of living organisms

11. MAJOR GROUPING of
ORGANISMS
• Bacteriology
• Botany
• Entomology - cells
• Ichthyology – study of fishes
• Microbiology
• Mycology
• Ornithology – study of birds
• Taxonomy
• Virology

12. DEVELOPMENT of
ORGANISMS
• Embryology – dev. of the embryo
• Evolutionary biology – concerned
with the origin & descent of species
• Genetics – deals with heredity
transmission & the variation
• Developmental biology – the
process by which organisms grow &
develop

13. ORGANISMS & THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
• Ecology – the distribution & abundance of organisms,
their habitat & the interactions between them & their
environment
• Ethology – study of animal behaviour
• Biogeography

14. APPLIED BIOLOGY
• Agriculture
• Biotechnology – any technological application that
uses biological systems, living organisms or derivations
thereof, to make or modify products or processes for
specific use
• Fisheries
• Forestry
• Medicine
• Veterinary medicine
• Dentistry

16. CAREER RELATED TO
BIOLOGY
Agriculturalist, aquaculturalist,
biochemist, biotechnologist, botanist,
dietitian, ecologist, ethologist,
forester, geneticist, horticulturist,
microbiologist, mycologist,
neurobiologist, optometrist,
pediatrician, physiotherapist, surgeon,
toxicologist, veterinarian, zoologist,
doctor (physician), teacher, lecturer,
researcher……….etc.

17. OPSS….don’t forget your exercise!!!
EXERCISE 1.1