What is biology? In simple terms, biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments. This is a very broad definition because the scope of biology is vast. Biologists may study anything from the microscopic or submicroscopic view of a cell to ecosystems and the whole living planet . Listening to the daily news, you will quickly realize how many aspects of biology are discussed every day. For example, recent news topics include Escherichia coli outbreaks in spinach and Salmonella contamination in peanut butter. Other subjects include efforts toward finding a cure for AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. On a global scale, many researchers are committed to finding ways to protect the planet, solve environmental issues, and reduce the effects of climate change. All of these diverse endeavors are related to different facets of the discipline of biology. Biology is a science, but what exactly is science? What does the study of biology share with other scientific disciplines? Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning “knowledge”) can be defined as knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method. It becomes clear from this definition that the application of the scientific method plays a major role in science. The scientific method is a method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful observation. The steps of the scientific method will be examined in detail later, but one of the most important aspects of this method is the testing of hypotheses by means of repeatable experiments. A hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested. Although using the scientific method is inherent to science, it is inadequate in determining what science is. This is because it is relatively easy to apply the scientific method to disciplines such as physics and chemistry, but when it comes to disciplines like archaeology, psychology, and geology, the scientific method becomes less applicable as it becomes more difficult to repeat experiments.

1. BIOLOGY
Presented by :soumya || https://www.blogger.com/blog/posts/2016974179840096823

2. Definition
The word biology is derived from the greek words
BIO means LIFE
LOGOS means STUDY
The science of life and living organisms. An organism is a living
entity consisting of one cell e.g. bacteria, or several cells e.g.
animals, plants and fungi.

4. Main Branches of
BIOLOGY Anatomy
Botany
Microbiology
Zoology
Morphology
BIOLOGY

5. IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY
1.Various Kind of Living Organisms existing in Earth.

6. 2.Relations of organisms with organisms
● Mutualism : Two living organisms live in same place get benefits
Example- Aphids provide ants with sugar-rich honeydew as a source of food
and the ants protect the aphids against various natural enemies and improve
the hygiene of the aphid colony.

7. ● Commensalism : Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where one
species benefits while the other is not affected. Here are some examples of
commensalism:
Example : red-eyed tree frogs are known to inhabit banana trees,
leveraging the structure for safety, away from many ground predators.

8. ● Parasitism
relationship between two species of plants or animals in which
one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing
the host organism.
Example :

9. 3.Structures and function of organisms
Cell—tissue—organ—organ system—----- organism
● What is made up of ?
● What”s is looks like?
● What’s it do?
● What’s its job?
MOUTH ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
SMALL
INTESTINE
LARGE
INTESTINE
RECTUM ANUS

10. 4. Inheritance of characters from one generation to
next generation

11. 5.Relationship of organisms to their environment
● The three main ecosystem roles an organism
can occupy are producers, consumers, and
decomposers.
● Producers can synthesize sugars for energy
from an abiotic source in processes.
● Consumers rely on the consumption of other
organisms as a source of organic compounds, other nutrients, and energy
● Decomposers obtain energy and organic compounds from decaying dead organisms,
recycling nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) back to producers in the process.

12. 6.Harmful and beneficial effects produce by different
living organisms etc…
HARMFUL EFFECTS BENEFICIAL EFFECTS
● Can cause diseases in human being and
plants
● Recycle by decomposition
● Can be used as a carrier of disease ● Decomposes other organisms
● Spreads disease and viruses ● Decomposes dead remains and waste
products
● Spoils food ● In food: Yogurt,Cheese,mushroom

13. Branches of biology
BOTANY : Botany is the branch of Biology that deals with the study of
plants.”
The term 'botany' is derived from an adjective 'botanic'
that is again derived from the Greek word 'botane'.
One who studies 'botany' is known as a 'botanist'.
Botany is one of the world's oldest natural sciences.

14. ZOOLOGY
the scientific study of the behavior, structure, physiology, classification, and
distribution of animals.

15. MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology is the study of the biology of microscopic organisms -
viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi,
slime molds, and protozoa.

16. GENETICS
Genetics is the study of heredity, genes,
and genetic variation in organisms
HISTOLOGY
Histology is the microscopic study of tissues and
organs through sectioning, staining, and examining
those sections under a microscope.

17. ANATOMY
the branch of science concerned with the
bodily structure of humans, animals, and
other living organisms, especially as revealed
by dissection and the separation of parts.
EMBRYOLOGY
Embryology is the study of development of
an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization
through to the fetal stage.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology is technology that utilizes
biological systems, living organisms or parts
of this to develop or create different products.

18. BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of
living organisms,including their structure,
composition, and chemical reactions.
MORPHOLOGY
The study of external structural characteristics
Of plants and animals
PHYSIOLOGY
the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

19. CYTOLOGY
the branch of biology concerned with the
structure and function of plant and animal
cells.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
Environmental biology is the scientific study of
how living organisms, communities, species,
and ecosystems interact with and are affected
by natural and human-altered environments.

20. HUMAN BIOLOGY
Human biology is the study
of all aspects of the human
organism including evolution,
genetics, ecology, anatomy and
physiology, development,
anthropology,
and nutrition, among others.

21. .