This document provides an overview of biology, including its history, key concepts, scientific method, and importance. It discusses how biology is the study of life and living organisms, outlining the key characteristics of living things. The history of biology is explored from ancient Greek philosophers through modern pioneers like Darwin and Mendel. The major divisions and fields of biology are defined. The scientific method is described as the process used by biologists to study the natural world through observation, questioning, experimentation and reporting of results. Finally, the importance of biology is highlighted as explaining human development, providing environmental solutions, teaching basic living concepts, enabling scientific investigation, and shaping careers.

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2. Entomology

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4. Anatomy

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6. Pteridology

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8. Herpetology

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10. Cytology

11. THE SCIENCE OF LIFE
Prepared by:
Ma. Lucille W. Abarracoso
MAIS – ASE

12. BIOLOGY
 A Greek name is coined by a German
naturalist in the early 19th century for this
study of all physical aspects of natural life -
biology, from bios (life) and logos (word or
discourse).
the study of life and living organisms.

13. WHAT IS LIFE?
What does it mean to be
alive?

14. LIFE
 the condition that distinguishes animals and
plants from inorganic matter, including the
capacity for growth, reproduction, functional
activity, and continual change preceding death
(Merriam-Webster)
 Must exhibit the characteristics of living
things

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
1. Grow and Develop
Living things grow in size and
undergo development from
simple to complex form.

16. 2. Highly Organized
All organisms regardless of size
and complexity are composed of
chemical and cellular components.
On chemical level, it is composed
of organic and inorganic
substances.

17. LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL
ORGANIZATION
The biosphere
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs and
organ systems
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Atoms
Molecules

18. 3. Ability to acquire material
and energy
Living things obtain energy from
food. Some organisms such as
plants, algae and some
microorganisms are autotrophic,
they can produce their own food.

19. 4. Ability to respond to stimuli
Living things are surrounded by
various external factors that my
affect them. They exhibits
irritability, the ability to react to
various stimuli in various ways in
order to survive.

20. 5. Ability to Adapt
Adaptations are special
features that allow an
organism to live in a
particular place or
habitat.

21. 6. Ability for homeostasis
Living things have the ability
to maintain constant or stable
internal conditions necessary
for life.

22. 7. Capacity to reproduce and
transmit characteristics to offspring
Reproduction is a process by which an
organism produces offsprings of the
same kind. Living things reproduce
either sexually or asexually.

23. 8. A definite life span and
development
All living things have a
particular life span or a period
of existence. It undergoes the
stages of birth, growth,
maturity, decline and ends
with death.

24. HISTORY OF BIOLOGY
 PRIMITIVE PERIOD
characterized by uncritical accumulation of information, mainly
derived from the practical necessities of obtaining food, materials for
clothing and shelter, substances to cure ailments, and necessary
information about the human body.

25.  CLASSICAL PERIOD
Marked by the great curiosity about natural phenomena and an ability to organize
biological knowledge and record it.
Alcmaeon
- is the first scientist known to have practised dissection in his researches. His aim is
not anatomical, for his interest lies in trying to find the whereabouts of human
intelligence.
Hippocrates
- Father of medicine
- stated that disease have natural causes and the body has the power to repair itself.
Aristotle
- gives a far more complete and well observed account of biology than
any other Greek philosopher.
HISTORY OF BIOLOGY

26. Theophrastus
- Aristotle’s favourite pupil
- carried on pioneer studies on the nature of plants, his works are the most
complete biological treatises to reach from the classical period.
Galen
- a Greek physician who began to study human anatomy and carried out the
physiological experiment in animals.
HISTORY OF BIOLOGY

27.  RENAISSANCE
During which anatomy, physiology, botany were established.
Leonardo de Vinci
- begins a series of anatomical drawings. For accuracy of observation they are far in
advance of anything previously attempted. Over the next twenty-five years he dissects about
thirty human corpses, many of them at a mortuary in Rome - until in 1515 the pope, Leo X,
orders him to stop.
Andreas Vesalius
- publishes in 1543 his great work - De humani corporis fabrica(The Structure of the
Human Body). There are seven volumes including numerous magnificent woodcut
illustrations. The book is an immediate success, though naturally it enrages the
traditionalists who follow Galen. Galen's theories have, after all, the clear merit of
seniority.
William Harvey
- described the blood circulation in man, which contributed to physiology.
HISTORY OF BIOLOGY

28. MODERN ERA
Robert Hooke, Matthias Schleiden & Theodore Schwann
- established the concept of Cell theory
Carolus Linnaeus
- Father of Taxonomy
- established the system of nomenclature in which all living things are arranged
by genus and species.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
- proposed the theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
- has the most outstanding contribution to evolution for his work Natural Selection
as an explanation by which evolutionary changes takes place.
HISTORY OF BIOLOGYHISTORY OF BIOLOGY

29. Louis Pasteur
- Father of Modern Microbiology
- He is best known to the general public for his invention of the technique of
treating milk and wine to stop bacterial contamination, a process now called
Pasteurization.
Gregor Mendel
- made studies on Genetics
HISTORY OF BIOLOGY

30. DIVISIONS OF BIOLOGY
Agriculture
- Science and practice of producing crops and livestock from the natural resources of
the earth
Anatomy
- study of the parts or structure of organisms.
Anthropology
- Study of man.
Biochemistry
- branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living
organisms

31. Biotechnology
- applied science that is concerned with biological systems, living organisms to make or
modify products or processes for specific use.
Botany
- scientific study of plants
Cytology
- study of the structures and functions of cells.
Ecology
- study of environment and interrelationship of organisms in it.
DIVISIONS OF BIOLOGY

32. Embryology
- study of the formation and development of organisms in its earliest stages of development
Entomology
- study of insects.
Evolution
- study of the origin and differentiation of different kinds of organisms.
Genetics
- study of heredity or how an organism’s characteristics are transmitted from parents to
offspring.
DIVISIONS OF BIOLOGY

33. Herpetology
- study of reptiles and amphibians.
Histology
- study of tissues
Ichthyology
- study of fishes
Marine Biology
- study of ocean plants and animals and their ecological relationships.
DIVISIONS OF BIOLOGY

34. Ornithology
- study of birds
Paleontology
- study of the fossils of living things and their distribution in time
Taxonomy
- study of the classification and naming of plants and animals
Zoology
- study that deals with animals and animal life
DIVISIONS OF BIOLOGY

35. IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY
1. Explains the Changes of the Human Bodies
By studying biology, everyone will be able to know the reasons behind
the sudden changes happening in their respective bodies.
2. Provides Answers to Large-scale Problems
It will provide answers to large-scale concerns that may affect anyone
from different parts of the world. It can even offer solutions to environmental
issues without compromising or sacrificing anything along the way.

36. 3. Teaches Concepts on Basic Living
Despite being a small-scale concept, the basic way of how human beings
live is also covered by the importance of biology. It teaches people how
to plant for food consumption. Furthermore, it tells what food is appropriate to
consume and what is not.
4. Paves Way for Scientific Investigations
Paving the way for humans to conduct scientific investigations, which
are very useful in discovering new things, through the scientific method is one
of the importance of biology. Basically, biologists do experiments to learn
significant and interesting facts about the world. They also do fieldwork, having
expeditions and explorations into unknown lands to gather more information
about life.
IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY

37. 5. Shapes Different Careers
Biology is one of the basic subjects that everyone has to take in school.
With this being said, it helps in shaping the professional careers of every
person. Be it a doctor, chemist, engineer, environmentalist, nurse, psychologist,
scientist, teacher, or other professions that are not inclined to science, studying
the scientific concepts of life and other living organisms is going to be a useful
tool in achieving success in any chosen field of study. You have
different branches of biology to choose from and specialize in.
IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY

38. SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
The scientific method is a
process for experimentation
that is used to explore
observations and answer
questions.

39. EXAMPLE
1. Observation
The apple turns to brown rapidly.
2. Question
What can you put on an apple to keep it from
turning brown?
3. Hypothesis
If I will place a sliced apple on water or in
any liquid, I will be able to slow down the
decolouration of apple.
4. Experiment
Slice apple into four equal parts. Place one
each on water, milk, lemon juice, and soda.
Watch what happens to each slice.

40. VARIABLES

41. 5. Conclusion
I have learned that the among the liquids,
lemon juice will less likely turns an apple to
brown.
6. Report of results
Share your result to others.
EXAMPLE

43.  http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=2473&
HistoryID=ac22&gtrack=pthc#ixzz4lvnu09J0
 https://www.bioexplorer.net/importance-of-biology.html/