1. PTHA 1513
FUNCTIONAL
ANATOMY
Week 1: Lecture 1 Elaine
Wilson, PT
1

2. Today’s Theme Song 
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Welcome to the Sprin

3. Goals for Today
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 Review the course syllabus
 Define commonly used anatomic and
kinesiologic terminolgy
 Describe common movements of the body
 Analyze the planes of motion and axes of
rotation for common motions

4. Syllabus Review
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5. Expectations for Functional
Anatomy5

6. CHAPTER 1
Basic Principles of Kinesiology

7. Kinematics
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 Translation
 Rectilinear motion (straight line)
 Curvilinear motion (curved line)
 Rotation (movement of body about an axis)
 Active movements
 e.g., flexing an arm over the head
 Passive movements
 e.g., resistance of a stretched ligament
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

8. Kinesiology Terminology
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 Anterior: toward the front of the body
 Posterior: toward the back of the body
 Midline: an imaginary line that courses vertically through
the center of the body
 Medial: toward the midline of the body
 Lateral: away from the midline of the body
 Superior: above, or toward the head
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

9. Kinesiology Terminology –
cont’d9
 Inferior: below, or toward the feet
 Proximal: closer to, or toward the torso
 Distal: away from the torso
 Cephalad: toward the head
 Caudal: toward the feet, or “tail”
 Superficial: toward the surface (skin) of the body
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

10. Kinesiology Terminology –
cont’d10
 Deep: toward the inside (core) of the body
 Origin: the proximal attachment of a muscle or ligament
 Insertion: the distal attachment of a muscle or ligament
 Prone: describes the position of an individual lying face
down
 Supine: describes the position of an individual lying face
up
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

11. Osteokinematics
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 Planes of motion
 Sagittal plane: left-right division
 Frontal plane: front-back division
 Horizontal (transverse) plane: top-bottom division
 Anatomic position
 Degrees of freedom
 Number of planes of motion joint allows
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

12. Osteokinematics – cont’d
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 Axes of rotation
 Anterior-posterior
 e.g., hip abduction/adduction
 Medial-lateral
 e.g., elbow flexion/extension
 Vertical (longitudinal)
 Rotational movements, e.g., trunk rotation
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

13. Osteokinematics: Body Motions
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 Flexion
 Motion of one bone approaching the flexor surface of another
 Extension
 An approximation of the extensor surfaces of two bones
 Abduction
 Frontal plane movement away from the midline

Adduction
 Frontal plane movement to ward the midline
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

14. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d14
 Rotation
 Bony segment spinning about its longitudinal axis of rotation
 Inte rnalro tatio n
 Anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline
 Exte rnalro tatio n
 Anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline
 Circumduction
 A circular motion through two planes
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

15. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d15
 Protraction
 Translation of bone away from midline in a plane parallel to
the ground
 Retraction
 Movement of a bony segment to ward the midline in a plane
parallel to the ground
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

16. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d16
 Horizontal adduction and abduction
 Shoulder motions in the transverse plane
 Horizontal adductio n: hands come together
 Horizontal abductio n: extremities move away from midline
 Pronation
 Forearm movement that turns the palm posteriorly
 Supination
 Forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

17. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d17
 Radial deviation
 Lateral hand movement toward the radius
 Ulnar deviation
 Medial hand movement toward the ulna
 Dorsiflexion
 Sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upward
 Plantar flexion
 Sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

18. Osteokinematics: Body Motions –
cont’d18
 Inversion and eversion
 Frontal plane motions of the ankle/foot complex
 Inve rsio n results in a medial-facing foot sole
 Eve rsio n results in a lateral-facing foot sole
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

19. Osteokinematics: It’s All
Relative19
 Two perspectives of movement at a joint
 Open-chain motion
 Movement of distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed
proximal segment
 Closed-chain motion
 Movement of proximal segment of bone about a relatively fixed
distal segment
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

20. Homework
 Read Chapter1: Esse ntials o f Kine sio lo g y fo r
the PTAprior to Thursday 01/19/12 course at
9am.
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