This Chapter will teach you what is virtualization and the concept of virtualization, Virtual machine its benefit and real time use, understanding Hypervisors (virtual machine monitor)

1. Chapter 2
Virtualization

2. Virtualization Basics
• Virtualization:
– The ability to run multiple operating systems on a single physical
system and share the underlying hardware resources.
• Virtualization is basically making a virtual image or “version” of something
such as server, operating system, storage devices or network resources so
that they can be used on multiple machines at the same time.
• The main aim of virtualization is to manage the workload by transforming
traditional computing to make it more scalable, efficient and economical.
• Virtualization can be applied to a wide range such as operating system
virtualization, hardware-level virtualization and server virtualization.
• Virtualization technology is hardware reducing cost saving and energy
saving technology that is rapidly transforming the fundamental way of
computing.
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3. Why Virtualization?
With the help of virtualization we can increase the use of resources available
to us in many to get more benefits.
We should virtualize because of the following objective:
a. Isolation among users: one user should be isolated from the other
users so that he/she may not get information about the others user’s data
and usage and cannot even access other’s data.
b. Resource sharing: a big resource can be fragmented into multiple
virtual resources so that it can be used by multiple users using
virtualization technique.
c. Dynamical resources: reallocation of resources such as storage and
computational resources is very difficult but if they ar. virtualized
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4. The Traditional & Virtual Server Concept
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5. Benefits of Virtualization
• Virtualization is one of the cost-saving, hardware-reducing and energy-
saving technique.
• Isolation: Virtual machines are isolated from each other as if they are
physically separated
• Encapsulation: Virtual machines encapsulate a complete computing
environment
• Hardware Independence: Virtual machines run independently of
underlying hardware
• Portability: Virtual machines can be migrated between different hosts.
• Resource sharing: it allows to share resources along with multiple nodes.
• Dynamical resource: it provide dynamical resource as per requirement.
• efficient and ecofriendly: It helped to make cloud computing more
efficient and ecofriendly.
• A big step towards new technology making life easier and better.
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6. Applications of virtualization
• Virtualization can be applied broadly to just about everything that you
could imagine
• Memory
• Networks
• Storage
• Hardware
• Operating systems
• Applications
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7. Types of virtualization
1) Hardware Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly
installed on the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization.
The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor, memory
and other hardware resources.
After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating system
on it and run different applications on those OS.
Usage: Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because
controlling virtual machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.
2) Operating System Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is
installed on the Host operating system instead of directly on the hardware system
is known as operating system virtualization.
Usage: Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing the applications
on different platforms of OS.
Continue..
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8. Types of virtualization
3) Server Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly
installed on the Server system is known as server virtualization.
Usage: Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be
divided into multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.
4) Storage Virtualization:
Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical storage from multiple
network storage devices so that it looks like a single storage device.
Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software applications.
Usage: Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes.
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9. Understanding Hypervisors
• A hypervisor or virtual machine monitor (VMM) is computer software,
firmware, or hardware, that creates and runs virtual machines.
• A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is
called a host machine, and each virtual machine is called a guest machine.
• The hypervisor presents the guest operating systems with a virtual
operating platform and manages the execution of the guest OS.
• Multiple instances of a variety of operating systems may share the
virtualized hardware resources: for example, Linux, Windows, and OS X
instances can all run on a single physical x86 machine.
• A hypervisor is a function which abstracts -- isolates -- operating systems
and applications from the underlying computer hardware. This abstraction
allows the underlying host machine hardware to independently operate
one or more virtual machines as guests, allowing multiple guest VMs to
effectively share the system's physical compute resources, such as
processor cycles, memory space, network bandwidth and so on.
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11. Understanding Hypervisors
• Hypervisors are traditionally implemented as a software layer -- such as
VMware vSphere or Microsoft Hyper-V -- but hypervisors can also be
implemented as code embedded in a system's firmware. There are two
principal types of hypervisor.
• Type 1 hypervisors are deployed directly atop the system's hardware
without any underlying operating systems or other software. These are
called "bare metal" hypervisors and are the most common and popular
type of hypervisor for the enterprise data center. Examples include
vSphere or Hyper-V.
• Type 2 hypervisors run as a software layer atop a host operating system
and are usually called "hosted" hypervisors like VMware Player or Parallels
Desktop. Hosted hypervisors are often found on endpoints like PCs.
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12. Why hypervisors used?
• Hypervisors are important to any system administrator or system operator because
virtualization adds a crucial layer of management and control over the data center
and enterprise environment. Staff members not only need to understand how the
respective hypervisor works, but also how to operate supporting functionality such
as VM configuration, migration and snapshots.
• The role of a hypervisor is also expanding. For example,
• storage hypervisors are used to virtualize all of the storage resources in the
environment to create centralized storage pools that administrators can provision
without having to concern themselves with where the storage was physically
located.
• Today, storage hypervisors are a key element of software-defined storage.
• Networks are also being virtualized with hypervisors, allowing networks and
network devices to be created, changed, managed and destroyed entirely through
software without ever touching physical network devices.
• As with storage, network virtualization is appearing in broader software-defined
network or software-defined data center platforms.
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13. Virtual Machine
• A virtual machine (VM) is an operating system (OS) or application environment
that is installed on software, which imitates dedicated hardware.
• The end user has the same experience on a virtual machine as they would have on
dedicated hardware.
Types of virtual machines
• System virtual machines provide a substitute for a real machine. They provide
functionality needed to execute entire operating systems
• Process virtual machines are designed to execute computer programs in a
platform-independent environment.
• Quick Emulators are designed to emulate different architectures and allow
execution of software applications and operating systems written for another CPU
or architecture.
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14. VMware
• VMware Inc. is a subsidiary of Dell Technologies, that provides cloud and
virtualization software and services, and claims to be the first to successfully
virtualize the x86 architecture commercially.
• VMware software provides a completely virtualized set of hardware to the guest
operating system.
• VMware software virtualizes the hardware for a video adapter, a network adapter,
and hard disk adapters.
• Products
• vSphere, ESX, ESXi, Workstation, Fusion, Player, Server, VMware Service Manager,
ThinApp, View, ACE, Lab Manager, Infrastructure, Converter, Site Recovery
Manager, Stage Manager, vRealize Automation, vRealize Operations Management
Suite, VMware NSX, vRealize Business
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15. Thank You
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