Virtualization allows the creation of virtual versions of servers, desktops, storage, and operating systems that can run simultaneously on a single physical machine. It provides benefits like consolidation of resources and isolation of systems. There are different types of virtualization including hardware, operating system, server, and storage virtualization. A hypervisor manages shared access to physical hardware resources and allows for the operation of multiple guest virtual machines on a single host machine. Machine imaging captures the state of a system to enable portability and deployment of virtual machines. Tools like VMware vSphere provide platforms for implementing virtualization and managing virtual infrastructures at large scale across servers, storage, and networks.

1. Virtualization

2. Virtualization
Creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as
v a server,
v a desktop,
v a storage device,
v an operating system or network resources
Allows to share a single physical instance of a resource or an application among
multiple customers and organizations
Hardware Virtualization
Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and hardware
Host Machine
The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create
Guest Machine
virtual machine

3. Types of Virtualization
• Hardware Virtualization
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager
(VMM) is directly installed on the hardware system
hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor, memory
and other hardware resources.
After virtualization of hardware system the user can install
different operating system on it and run different applications
on those OS.
• Usage:
done for the server platforms, because controlling virtual
machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.

4. Types of Virtualization
Operating system Virtualization
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager
(VMM) is installed on the Host operating system instead of
directly on the hardware system
creates virtual servers at the operating system or kernel level.
Each virtual server is running in its own virtual environment (VE)
as a virtual private server (VPS).
Usage:
mainly used for testing the applications on different platforms
of OS.

5. Types of Virtualization
Server Virtualization
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager
(VMM) is directly installed on the Server system
masking of server resources takes place.
the central-server(physical server) is divided into multiple
different virtual servers by changing the identity number,
processors
Usage:
done because a single physical server can be divided into
multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.

6. Types of Virtualization
Storage Virtualization
the process of grouping the physical storage from multiple network
storage devices so that it looks like a single storage device.
Usage:
vStorage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery
purposes.
vMainly Virtualization means, running multiple operating systems on a
single machine but sharing all the hardware resources.
vit helps us to provide the pool of IT resources
v we can share these IT resources in order get benefits in the business.

7. Hypervisor
• A form of virtualization software used in Cloud hosting to divide and
allocate the resources on various pieces of hardware.
• A process or a function to help admins isolate operating system and
applications from the underlying hardware.
• The program which provides partitioning, isolation or abstraction is
called virtualization hypervisor.
• A hardware virtualization technique that allows multiple guest
operating systems (OS) to run on a single host system at the same time.
• A hypervisor is sometimes also called a virtual machine
manager(VMM).
• Administrators can use the resources efficiently by dividing computing
resources (RAM, CPU, etc.) between multiple VMs.

8. Hypervisor
server management as VMs are independent of the host
environment.
the operation of one VM doesn’t affect other VMs or the
underlying hardware

9. TYPES OF HYPERVISORS - Type 1
• The native or bare metal hypervisor.
• Deployed directly over the host
hardware.
• Direct access to the hardware
resource without any underlying OS
or device drivers makes such
hypervisors highly efficient for
enterprise computing.
• It replaces the host operating system
the hypervisor schedules VM services
directly to the hardware.
Examples of Type 1 hypervisors include
VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer and
Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.

10. TYPES OF HYPERVISORS - Type 2
• Known as a hosted hypervisor.
• Hypervisors run as an application in a host system(physical
machine).
• A software layer or framework that runs on a traditional
operating system.
• A software layer or framework that runs on a traditional
operating system.
• Hypervisor asks the operating system to make hardware calls
• The host operating system schedules VM services, which are
then executed on the hardware.
• Individual users who wish to operate multiple operating
systems on a personal computer should use a form 2
hypervisor.
• Example: KVM, VMware Server and Workstation, Microsoft
Virtual PC, Oracle VM VirtualBox, and QEMU

11. Emulation
• The emulator is a hardware or software that
enables one device (named Host) to function
like other systems (named Guest).
• A technique in which Virtual machines simulates
complete hardware in software.
• Many virtualization techniques that were
developed in or inherited from emulation
technique.
• Useful when designing software for various
systems.
• It simply allows us to use current platform to
access an older application, data, or operating
system.
• To allow subsystem to present same interface
and characteristics as another.

12. Paravirtualization
• Enables several different operating systems to
run on one set of hardware by effectively using
resources such as processors and memory.
• the hypervisor is installed on the device. Then,
the guest operating systems are installed into
the environment. Here, the virtualization
method modifies the guest operating system to
communicate with the hypervisor.
• Virtual machines can be accessed through
interfaces that are similar to the underlying
hardware.
• Guest OS is not completely isolated but it is
partially isolated by the VM from the
virtualization layer and hardware.

13. Paravirtualization
• Guest os does not
have direct access to
hardware.
• When guest os wants
to communicate to
hardware it goes
through host os

14. Full Virutalization
• Guest OS is completely isolated by the virtual
machine from the virtualization layer and
hardware.
• virtualization in which the guest operating
system is unaware that it is in a virtualized
environment, and therefore hardware is
virtualized by the host operating system
• so that the guest can issue commands to what
it thinks is actual hardware
• Microsoft and Parallels systems are examples
of full virtualization.
• Allowed multiple guest operating systems to
run on a single host OS in full isolation

15. Full Virtualization

16. Machine Imaging
• A process that is used to provide system portability, and provision and
deploy systems in the cloud.
• Through capturing the state of systems using a system image.
• A system image makes a copy or a clone of the entire
• computer system inside a single file.
• Machine imaging is mostly run on virtualization
• platform due to this it is also called as Virtual Appliances and running
virtual machines are called instances.
• A Compute Engine resource that stores all the configuration, metadata,
permissions, and data from one or more disks required to create a
virtual machine (VM) instance.
• Use a machine image in many system maintenance scenarios, such as
instance creation, backup and recovery, and instance cloning.

17. Machine Imaging
Example
Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is a system image that is used in
thecloud computing.
The Amazon Web Services uses AMI to store copies of a virtual
machine
An AMI is a file system image that contains an operating system,
all device drivers, and any applications and state information
that the working virtual machine.

18. VMware vSphere
• A server virtualization software application from VMware.
• VMware is a virtualization and cloud computing software vendor.
• serves as a complete platform for implementing and managing virtual
machine (VM) infrastructure on a large scale.
• Management infrastructure framework that virtualizes system, storage,
and networking hardware to create cloud computing infrastructures.
• Referred to as a cloud operating system or virtualized data center
platform.
• vSphere is the branding for a set of management tools and a set of
products

19. VMware vSphere
vSphere provides a set of services that applications can use to access cloud resources
vSphere includes the following components
VMware vCompute
A service that aggregates servers into an assignable pool
VMware vStorage
A service that aggregates storage resources into an assignable pool
VMware vNetwork
A service that creates and manages virtual network interfaces
Application services
Such as HA (High Availability) and Fault Tolerance
vCenter Server
A provisioning, management, and monitoring console for VMware cloud
infrastructures

20. VMware vSphere Cloud Computing Infrastructure

21. VMware vSphere Products
A high-performance cluster file system for an ESX/ESXi cluster.
A service that allows for the migration of a virtual machine from
one physical server to another physical server while the virtual
server runs continuously and without any interruption of
ongoing transactions.
A product that can migrate files from one datastore to another
datas_x0002_tore while the virtual machine that uses the
datastore continues to run.

22. VMware vSphere Products
A feature that allows a virtual machine to run on two or more physical
processors at the same time.
A system for provisioning virtual machines and load balancing processing
resources dynamically across the different physical systems that are in
use.
A part of the DRS called the distributed power management (DPM)
module can manage the power consumption of systems.
A capability to maintain a network runtime state for virtual machines as
they are migrated from one physical system to another.
DVS also monitors network connections, provides firewall services, and
enables the use of third_x0002_party switches such as the Cisco Nexus
1000V to manage virtual networks.

23. Virtual Infrastructure Elements

24. Porting Applications
• Build an application on a platform such as Microsoft Azure.
• Porting that application to Amazon Web Services or
GoogleApps may be difficult.
• To create an interoperability standard.
• Zend Technologies has started an open source initiative to
create a common application program interface
• it will allow applications to be portable.

25. Simple Cloud API - Goal a set of common interfaces
Currently Amazon S3, Windows Azure Blob Storage, Nirvanix,
and Local storage is supported by the Storage API. There are plans to
extend this API to Rackspace Cloud Files and GoGrid Cloud Storage.
Amazon SimpleDB and Windows Azure Table Storage are
currently supported. Local document storage is planned.
Amazon SQS, Windows Azure Queue Storage, and Local queue
services are supported.

26. AppZero Virtual Application Appliance
Moving an application from one platform to another isn’t nearly as simple as moving
a machine image from one system to another.
When the application loads, it often loads or uses different Dynamic Link Libraries
(DLL).
AppZero - company
To make applications easily portable.
its solution is called the Virtual Application Appliance (VAA).
The AppZero solution creates a virtual application appliance as an architectural layer
between the Windows or the UNIX operating system and applications.
The virtualization layer serves as the mediator for file I/O, memory I/O, and
application calls and response to DLLs, which has the effect of sandboxing the
application.

27. VAA creates a container that encapsulates the application and
all the application’s dependencies within a set of files
It is essentially an Application Image for a specific OS.
Dependencies include DLL, service settings, necessary
configuration files, registry entries, and machine and network
settings.