In a general sense, virtualization, is the creation of a virtual, rather than an actual, version of something. For example: Google Earth, It is a virtual image of Earth which hold every detail about earth. From a computing perspective, we might have already done some virtualization if you’ve ever partitioned a hard disk drive into more than one “virtual” drive. Virtualization in a computing environment can be present in many different forms, some of which are: Hardware virtualization Storage and data virtualization Software virtualization Network virtualization

1. VIRTUALIZATION IN DESKTOP COMPUTERS

2. INTRODUCTION TO VIRTUALIZATION
• In a general sense, virtualization, is the creation of a virtual, rather than an
actual, version of something.
For example:
Google Earth, It is a virtual image of Earth which hold every detail about earth.
• From a computing perspective, we might have already done some
virtualization if you’ve ever partitioned a hard disk drive into more than one
“virtual” drive.
• Virtualization in a computing environment can be present in many different
forms, some of which are:
• Hardware virtualization
• Storage and data virtualization
• Software virtualization
• Network virtualization

3. HISTORY OF VIRTUALIZATION
• The concept of virtualization is generally believed to have its origins in the mainframe days in the late
1960s and early 1970s, when IBM invested a lot of time and effort in developing robust time-sharing
solutions. Time-sharing refers to the shared usage of computer resources among a large group of users,
aiming to increase the efficiency of both the users and the expensive computer resources they share. This
model represented a major breakthrough in computer technology: the cost of providing computing
capability dropped considerably and it became possible for organizations, and even individuals, to use a
computer without actually owning one. Similar reasons are driving virtualization for industry standard
computing today: the capacity in a single server is so large that it is almost impossible for most workloads
to effectively use it. The best way to improve resource utilization, and at the same time simplify data
center management, is through virtualization.
• Data centers today use virtualization techniques to make abstraction of the physical hardware, create
large aggregated pools of logical resources consisting of CPUs, memory, disks, file storage, applications,
networking, and offer those resources to users or customers in the form of agile, scalable, consolidated
virtual machines. Even though the technology and use cases have evolved, the core meaning of
virtualization remains the same: to enable a computing environment to run multiple independent
systems at the same time.
• FOR EXAMPLE :
• PS3 EMULATOR FOR WINDOWS MACHINES.

4. WHAT IS VIRTUALIZATION IN DESTOP
COMPUTERS?
Virtualization allows multiple operating system instances to run
concurrently on a single computer; it is a means of separating hardware
from a single operating system. Each “guest” OS is managed by a Virtual
Machine Monitor (VMM), also known as a hypervisor. Because the
virtualization system sits between the guest and the hardware, it can
control the guests’ use of CPU, memory, and storage, even allowing a
guest OS to migrate from one machine to another. By using specially
designed software, an administrator can convert one physical server into
multiple virtual machines. Each virtual server acts like a unique physical
device, capable of running its own
operating system
(OS).

6. WHAT IS HYPERVISOR ?
A hypervisor, also called a virtual machine manager, is a program that allows multiple
operating systems to share a single hardware host. Each operating system appears to have
the host's processor, memory, and other resources all to itself.
Hypervisor are of two types-
1> Type-1: native or bare-metal hypervisors
These hypervisors run directly on the host's hardware to control the hardware and to
manage guest operating systems. For this reason, they are sometimes called bare
metal hypervisors. A guest operating system runs as a process on the host. The first
hypervisors, which IBM developed in the 1960s, were native hypervisors.
2> Type-2: hosted hypervisors
These hypervisors run on a conventional operating system just as other computer
programs do. Type-2 hypervisors abstract guest operating systems from the host operating
system. VMware Workstation and VirtualBox are examples of type-2 hypervisors.

8. TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATIONS
THERE ARE MORE THEN ONE TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATIONS FEW OF
THEM ARE
FULL VIRTUALIZATION
• Hardware virtualization
• Storage and data virtualization
• Software virtualization
• Network virtualization
APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION

9. FULL VIRTUALIZATION
• Full virtualization uses a special kind of software called a
hypervisor .The hypervisor interacts directly with the physical
server's CPU and diskspace . It serves as a platform
for the virtual servers operating systems. The hypervisor keeps each
virtual server completely independent and unaware of the other
virtual servers running on the physical machine. Each guest server
runs on its own OS -- you can even have one guest running on Linux
and another on Windows.

10. VIRTUAL MACHINE (VM)
IN COMPUTING, A VIRTUAL MACHINE (VM) IS AN
EMULATION OF A PARTICULAR COMPUTER
SYSTEM. VIRTUAL MACHINES OPERATE BASED ON THE
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF A REAL OR
HYPOTHETICAL COMPUTER, AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATIONS
MAY INVOLVE SPECIALIZED HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, OR A
COMBINATION OF BOTH.

11. INTERNAL VIEW:

12. HOW TO ACHIVE FULL VIRTUALIZATION ?
TO ACHIVE A FULL VIRTUALIZATION WE REQUIRED A HYPERVISOR OR WE
CAN SAY VIRTUAL MACHINE ITS IS SOFTWARE WHICH PROVIDE
VIRTUALIZATION CAPABILITY TO A HOST OS (OPERATING SYSTEM).
FAMOUS AND WIDELY USE SOFTWARE FOR FULL VIRTUALIZATION ARE -
- ORACLE VM VIRTUALBOX
- DOWNLOAD LINKS
- HTTPS://WWW.VIRTUALBOX.ORG/WIKI/DOWNLOADS
-FREE FOR USERS
- VMWARE WORKSTATION
- DOWNLOAD LINK:
- HTTPS://WWW.VMWARE.COM/GO/DOWNLOADWORKSTATION
-PAID FOR USERS

13. VMware Workstation

14. Oracle VirtualBox

15. FULL VIRTUALIZATION USING VMware
WORKSTATION
TO ACHIEVE FULL VIRTUALIZATION IN DESKTOP
COMPUTER WE NEED A VIRTUAL MACHINE (VMWARE
WORKSTATION ). VIRTUAL MACHINE HAVE
ALL THE SERVICES OF THE PHYSICAL SYSTEM,
INCLUDING A
VIRTUAL BIOS, VIRTUAL DEVICES AND VIRTUALIZED
MEMORY
MANAGEMENT.

16. Steps:
1.INSTALLING VIRTUAL MACHINE IN OPERATING SYSTEM.
2.START VMWARE WORKSTATION.
3.START THE NEW VIRTUAL MACHINE WIZARD.
4.SELECTING CONFIGURATION.
5.SELECT A GUEST OPERATING SYSTEM.
6. SELECT A NAME AND FOLDER FOR THE VIRTUAL
MACHINE.
7. CONFIGURE THE NETWORKING CAPABILITIES OF THE
VIRTUAL MACHINE.
8. SPECIFY THE SIZE OF THE VIRTUAL DISK.
9. SPECIFY THE LOCATION OF THE VIRTUAL DISK'S FILES.
10. FINISH THE WIZARD THEN START THE GUEST OS.

23. AVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VIRTUAL
MACHINE
ADVANTAGES
• Multiple OS environments can exist simultaneously on the same
machine, isolated from each other.
• Save extra hardware cost.
• sharing a computer system among multiple users.
• dynamically partitioning and sharing
the available physical resources such as CPU,
storage, memory and I/O devices.

24. DISADVANTAGES
• Virtual machine is not that efficient as a real one when accessing
the hardware.
• When multiple virtual machines are simultaneously running on a
host computer, each virtual machine may introduce an unstable
performance, which depends on the workload on the system by
other running virtual machines.

25. REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_virtualization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating-system-level_virtualization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_virtualization
https://www.vmware.com/in/products/workstation/faqs/faqs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor
http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/VMware_paravirtualization.pdf

26. THANK YOU