This document discusses a study on the challenges faced by police officers in Nigeria after undergoing training in community-oriented policing. The study aimed to examine the nature of challenges faced, observe trainee perceptions after training, and identify how challenges were resolved. The study found that despite the benefits of community-oriented policing, trainees faced difficulties implementing it after training due to resistance from both police and the public. Trainees had trouble changing orientations ingrained during traditional policing approaches and deviant police sub-cultures. This created a gap between police and the public. The training aimed to reduce this gap but challenges remained in deployment and monitoring of trainees after the program.
ACTION LEARNING FOR CRIME PREVENTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMUNITY SAFETYijejournal
Crime prevention is everyone’s responsibility – law enforcement officers, community members, social
groups, businesses and governments who all need to be sensitized about prevention strategies for ensuring
community safety. Interpretive paradigm was used within a qualitative research approach. We adopted a
descriptive research design. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from all the
participants that were purposively chosen. Six crime prevention officers, that were selected using snowball
sampling, were individually interviewed. Data were further collected from twenty-eight members of
community policing forums in three focus group discussions and six members of the inner council in the
fourth focus group discussion. Qualitative thematic analysis was used. The findings revealed that some
community policing forum members abused their skills and knowledge to commit crime than fight it. The
findings demonstrated that community policing is effective in reducing crime. However, it transpired that
the forums faced several challenges such as: lack of airtime to make calls, lack of incentives to motivate
members, female members experiencing difficulty at night because they were afraid while others were not
released by their partners to go to work. Although the community policing forums enhanced social change
towards crime in various communities, there are negative implications for women serving as members of
the forums.
THE IMPORTANCE OF POLICE TRAINING AND IT'S AFFECT ON COMMUNITIESMichael Daniels
The document discusses the importance of police training and its effect on communities. It argues that police training is underfunded in many states like Massachusetts, with less money spent per officer on training compared to other states. Less training can negatively impact police interactions with the public and their ability to de-escalate situations, particularly in dealing with mentally ill individuals. The document also examines studies that found officers with more education were less likely to use force and that training may help reduce racial biases. Overall, the document advocates for increased funding and support for police training to improve police services and community relations.
This document is the Community Policing Manual produced by the Liberia National Police (LNP) with support from UN agencies. It introduces the concept of community policing in Liberia and provides guidance on establishing community policing forums. The manual acknowledges challenges faced by LNP in maintaining security and discusses how community policing aims to build trust between police and communities to jointly address crime. It outlines roles for stakeholders like community leaders, police, and government agencies in collaborative community safety efforts.
Bureaucracy and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Buhari’s Change AgendaAJHSSR Journal
The issue of corruption has taken the front burner in public discourse in Nigeria. This is
particularly because of the leadership that emerged in the country from the 2015 general elections concluded in
April same year. The emergence of President Muhammadu Buhari as the country‘s President has made the issue
of corruption to resonate with a deafening intensity as the fight against corruption became the major item on the
campaign promises of the All Progressive Congress (APC), the current ruling party in the country. This paper
addresses the issue of corruption in Nigeria‘s bureaucracy and its implications for the change mantra of the
Buhari civilian administration. The paper adopts a qualitative method and relied on secondary sources of data. It
also adopted the theory of anomie and the contradictions of bureaucracy as a theoretical framework. It defines
bureaucracy and corruption, gives an overview of bureaucratic corruption and highlights its implications on the
Buhari‘s change agenda. It discusses in great detail the implications of the corruption in the bureaucracy on the
sustenance and consolidation of democracy as well as the change agenda of the Buhari government and
highlights such issues as poverty and underdevelopment, negative impacts on productivity and efficiency, the
deprivation of the citizenry of the benefits of good governance and the much needed dividends of democracy
among others.It argues that if the bureaucracy in Nigeria is not purged of all corrupt tendencies it will be
impossible for it to drive the much needed change necessary for democratic consolidation and recommends the
need to strengthen the anti-corruption agencies, making accountability and transparency an article of faith,
addressing the issues of salaries and wages, thorough investigation and prosecution of corrupt public officials as
well as a reorientation of Nigerians on the need to avoid corrupt practices. It is hopeful that this study will lend a
voice to the current war against corruption and assist the anti corruption agencies in their fight against the
menace in the civil and public service.
1.IMPACT OF PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
2.SERVICE DELIVERY
3.PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
4.PRIVATE SERVICE DELIVERY
5.WHY WE NEED PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
6.SOME OF KEY PUBLIC SERVICE
7.DIGITAL SERVICE 'E'
8.POSITIVE IMPACT
9.NEGATIVE IMPACT/ CHALLENGES THAT IMPEDE THESE REFORMS INCLUDE
10.AFFECTING GOVERNMENT REFORMS
RTI
11.CITIZENS CHARTER
12.E-GOVERNANCE
13.THANK YOU
The document discusses the New Public Service movement, which asserts that the primary role of public servants is to help citizens articulate and meet their shared interests through democratic processes rather than attempting to control society. It outlines the theoretical roots of the NPS in democratic citizenship, community and civil society models, organizational humanism, and postmodernism. The document then describes seven principles of the NPS, including serving citizens rather than customers, seeking the public interest, valuing citizenship over entrepreneurship, thinking strategically while acting democratically, having a nuanced view of accountability, serving rather than steering society, and valuing people over just productivity.
The document summarizes a case study on improving the relationship between politicians and the public in Uttar Pradesh, India. It discusses how a software company, Viplav Communications, developed constituency management software to better align the self-interests of politicians with the common interests of voters. By providing politicians data and feedback on voter needs, the software helped politicians direct resources to voter priorities, boosting voter turnout and support. This linked politician interests with voter development, reducing the influence of caste and criminal politics. The software is now being used by politicians across parties to strengthen democracy through a more responsive people-politician relationship.
Community Policing and National Security A Study of Selected Local Government...ijtsrd
The rising crime rate, especially violent crime involving terrorism, armed robbery, Fulani herdsmen attack, banditry, ritual murders, political assassinations, ethnic and religious violence, kidnapping, pipe line vandalism, election violence are becoming very serious problem to the Nigerian society. Aristotle Isaac Jacobs "Community Policing and National Security: A Study of Selected Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38204.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38204/community-policing-and-national-security-a-study-of-selected-local-government-areas-in-bayelsa-state-nigeria/aristotle-isaac-jacobs
ACTION LEARNING FOR CRIME PREVENTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMUNITY SAFETYijejournal
Crime prevention is everyone’s responsibility – law enforcement officers, community members, social
groups, businesses and governments who all need to be sensitized about prevention strategies for ensuring
community safety. Interpretive paradigm was used within a qualitative research approach. We adopted a
descriptive research design. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from all the
participants that were purposively chosen. Six crime prevention officers, that were selected using snowball
sampling, were individually interviewed. Data were further collected from twenty-eight members of
community policing forums in three focus group discussions and six members of the inner council in the
fourth focus group discussion. Qualitative thematic analysis was used. The findings revealed that some
community policing forum members abused their skills and knowledge to commit crime than fight it. The
findings demonstrated that community policing is effective in reducing crime. However, it transpired that
the forums faced several challenges such as: lack of airtime to make calls, lack of incentives to motivate
members, female members experiencing difficulty at night because they were afraid while others were not
released by their partners to go to work. Although the community policing forums enhanced social change
towards crime in various communities, there are negative implications for women serving as members of
the forums.
THE IMPORTANCE OF POLICE TRAINING AND IT'S AFFECT ON COMMUNITIESMichael Daniels
The document discusses the importance of police training and its effect on communities. It argues that police training is underfunded in many states like Massachusetts, with less money spent per officer on training compared to other states. Less training can negatively impact police interactions with the public and their ability to de-escalate situations, particularly in dealing with mentally ill individuals. The document also examines studies that found officers with more education were less likely to use force and that training may help reduce racial biases. Overall, the document advocates for increased funding and support for police training to improve police services and community relations.
This document is the Community Policing Manual produced by the Liberia National Police (LNP) with support from UN agencies. It introduces the concept of community policing in Liberia and provides guidance on establishing community policing forums. The manual acknowledges challenges faced by LNP in maintaining security and discusses how community policing aims to build trust between police and communities to jointly address crime. It outlines roles for stakeholders like community leaders, police, and government agencies in collaborative community safety efforts.
Bureaucracy and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Buhari’s Change AgendaAJHSSR Journal
The issue of corruption has taken the front burner in public discourse in Nigeria. This is
particularly because of the leadership that emerged in the country from the 2015 general elections concluded in
April same year. The emergence of President Muhammadu Buhari as the country‘s President has made the issue
of corruption to resonate with a deafening intensity as the fight against corruption became the major item on the
campaign promises of the All Progressive Congress (APC), the current ruling party in the country. This paper
addresses the issue of corruption in Nigeria‘s bureaucracy and its implications for the change mantra of the
Buhari civilian administration. The paper adopts a qualitative method and relied on secondary sources of data. It
also adopted the theory of anomie and the contradictions of bureaucracy as a theoretical framework. It defines
bureaucracy and corruption, gives an overview of bureaucratic corruption and highlights its implications on the
Buhari‘s change agenda. It discusses in great detail the implications of the corruption in the bureaucracy on the
sustenance and consolidation of democracy as well as the change agenda of the Buhari government and
highlights such issues as poverty and underdevelopment, negative impacts on productivity and efficiency, the
deprivation of the citizenry of the benefits of good governance and the much needed dividends of democracy
among others.It argues that if the bureaucracy in Nigeria is not purged of all corrupt tendencies it will be
impossible for it to drive the much needed change necessary for democratic consolidation and recommends the
need to strengthen the anti-corruption agencies, making accountability and transparency an article of faith,
addressing the issues of salaries and wages, thorough investigation and prosecution of corrupt public officials as
well as a reorientation of Nigerians on the need to avoid corrupt practices. It is hopeful that this study will lend a
voice to the current war against corruption and assist the anti corruption agencies in their fight against the
menace in the civil and public service.
1.IMPACT OF PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
2.SERVICE DELIVERY
3.PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
4.PRIVATE SERVICE DELIVERY
5.WHY WE NEED PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
6.SOME OF KEY PUBLIC SERVICE
7.DIGITAL SERVICE 'E'
8.POSITIVE IMPACT
9.NEGATIVE IMPACT/ CHALLENGES THAT IMPEDE THESE REFORMS INCLUDE
10.AFFECTING GOVERNMENT REFORMS
RTI
11.CITIZENS CHARTER
12.E-GOVERNANCE
13.THANK YOU
The document discusses the New Public Service movement, which asserts that the primary role of public servants is to help citizens articulate and meet their shared interests through democratic processes rather than attempting to control society. It outlines the theoretical roots of the NPS in democratic citizenship, community and civil society models, organizational humanism, and postmodernism. The document then describes seven principles of the NPS, including serving citizens rather than customers, seeking the public interest, valuing citizenship over entrepreneurship, thinking strategically while acting democratically, having a nuanced view of accountability, serving rather than steering society, and valuing people over just productivity.
The document summarizes a case study on improving the relationship between politicians and the public in Uttar Pradesh, India. It discusses how a software company, Viplav Communications, developed constituency management software to better align the self-interests of politicians with the common interests of voters. By providing politicians data and feedback on voter needs, the software helped politicians direct resources to voter priorities, boosting voter turnout and support. This linked politician interests with voter development, reducing the influence of caste and criminal politics. The software is now being used by politicians across parties to strengthen democracy through a more responsive people-politician relationship.
Community Policing and National Security A Study of Selected Local Government...ijtsrd
The rising crime rate, especially violent crime involving terrorism, armed robbery, Fulani herdsmen attack, banditry, ritual murders, political assassinations, ethnic and religious violence, kidnapping, pipe line vandalism, election violence are becoming very serious problem to the Nigerian society. Aristotle Isaac Jacobs "Community Policing and National Security: A Study of Selected Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38204.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38204/community-policing-and-national-security-a-study-of-selected-local-government-areas-in-bayelsa-state-nigeria/aristotle-isaac-jacobs
This document is a training manual for a citizen-voter education module developed by the Institute for Political and Electoral Reform (IPER) in the Philippines. The manual provides an introduction to the module and its objectives of educating voters. It outlines the course content which covers concepts such as the right to vote, history of elections in the Philippines, elections and democracy, the government structure and electoral process, voter behavior and elections, and a vision for ideal governance. The methodology of lectures, discussions and activities is also described. The manual serves to guide trainers in educating citizen-voters on their democratic rights and responsibilities.
This report summarizes views gathered from community members on improving public confidence in the Metropolitan Police in London. It identifies four main issues that contribute to a lack of public confidence: 1) unreasonable stop and searches, 2) a lack of integration between police and communities, 3) a lack of police accountability, and 4) unreliable police statistics. The report proposes solutions for each issue, including improved training for officers, more community engagement initiatives, clarifying the definition of "reasonable suspicion", empowering community groups to monitor police data and complaints, and working more closely with community organizations. The overall aim is to rebuild trust between the police and the diverse communities in London through more sensitive, community-focused policing.
Enhancing community ownership of policing kennedy sept 2014Michael Kenny
Presents a model for community driven policing to prevent crime. Joint Policing Committee and Local Policing Forum. Model in the Republic of Ireland presented to International Mediation and Restorative Justice Conference. Edward Kennedy Centre Maynooth University
Police-community relations involve complicated interactions between police and various community groups to address crime and social issues. Improving these relations through community policing builds cooperation by having officers partner with residents on safety issues. This allows police to work more effectively and communities to feel safer. Factors like open communication, shared goals, and community involvement through programs like Neighborhood Watch are important for strengthening police-community relations.
These PowerPoint presentations are intended for use by crime prevention practitioners who bring their experience and expertise to each topic. The presentations are not intended for public use or by individuals with no training or expertise in crime prevention. Each presentation is intended to educate, increase awareness, and teach prevention strategies. Presenters must discern whether their audiences require a more basic or advanced level of information.
NCPC welcomes your input and would like your assistance in tracking the use of these topical presentations. Please email NCPC at trainings@ncpc.org with information about when and how the presentations were used. If you like, we will also place you in a database to receive updates of the PowerPoint presentations and additional training information. We encourage you to visit www.ncpc.org to find additional information on these topics. We also invite you to send in your own trainer notes, handouts, pictures, and anecdotes to share with others on www.ncpc.org.
Governing the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in long term care i...Araz Taeihagh
Robotics and autonomous systems have been dubbed as viable technological solutions to address the incessant demand for long-term care (LTC) across the world, which is exacerbated by ageing populations. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC pose risks and unintended consequences. In the health and LTC sectors, there are additional bioethics concerns that are associated with novel technology applications. Using an in-depth case study, we examined the adoption of novel technologies such as robotics and autonomous systems in LTC to meet the rising social care demand in Singapore consequent to its ageing population. We first described the LTC sector in Singapore and traced the development of robotics and autonomous systems deployed in the LTC setting. We then examined technological risks and ethical issues that are associated with their applications. In addressing these technological risks and ethical concerns, Singapore has adopted a regulatory sandbox approach that fosters experimentation through the creation of a robotics test-bed and the initiation of various robotics pilots in different health clusters. The stakeholders largely envision positive scenarios of human-robot coexistence in the LTC setting. When robots can take over routine and manual care duties in the future, human care workers can be freed up to provide more personalised care to the care recipients. We also highlighted existing gaps in the governance of technological risks and ethical issues surrounding the deployment of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC that can be advanced as future research agendas.
Montenegro- Research Regarding Capacities and Integrity of the Public Adminis...UNDP Eurasia
The document summarizes the findings of a research study on the capacities and integrity of public administration in Montenegro. Key findings include that while corruption is seen as reduced compared to 3 years ago, procedures are still complicated. Staff satisfaction in public administration is low due to poor wages and lack of rewards. Recommendations focus on simplifying services, encouraging corruption reporting, informing the public about hiring practices, analyzing staff satisfaction, and increasing legal regulations and punishment for corruption.
The document discusses issues with public services in Indonesia, including low quality, bureaucratic problems, and unclear systems. It notes criticisms that services are slow, expensive, closed, and discriminatory. Suggestions are made to improve transparency and consistency in public services through better information delivery between government units and the community.
Community Policing And The Community Powerpointjclaytonjr
Community policing is a strategy that builds partnerships between law enforcement and communities to improve public safety. It involves problem-solving tactics like COPPS, POP, and SARA to address issues collaboratively. Patrols are designed to fit each community's needs through various methods like foot, vehicle, horse, and K-9 units. Community policing is supported by programs such as Neighborhood Watch, PAL, and DARE that educate the public and prevent crime. When implemented effectively through partnership and problem-solving, community policing improves communities by reducing crime and empowering residents.
Articles - International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and C...ijmpict
The International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies ( IJMPICT ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in regards to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the public sector around the world. ICT are becoming fundamental to the operation of government agencies, especially in light of the development of e-government applications and rising citizen expectations. As such, the International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies ( IJMPICT )
ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY – PHILIPPINE LOCAL JU...ijmpict
An ICT-enabled government provides citizens with improved access to information and services anytime and anywhere. Currently, eighty barangays in the city of San Pablo, Philippines have the means to implement ICT-enabled projects since they are all provided with ICT equipment. However, several barangay transactions are still done manually such as filing and processing complaints at Katarungang Pambarangay, a community-based mechanism for dispute resolution. This study aims to determine the problems encountered in Katarungang Pambarangay, to determine the level of readiness of the barangay in utilizing an information system and to propose a software application as a solution to the problems. The proponents conducted qualitative and quantitative methods. An interview was conducted with a DILG representative to identify the problems. While a survey questionnaire was given to the barangay to determine their readiness in utilizing an e-system. This research analyses the findings and presents recommendations
This document contains a questionnaire about community policing. It seeks respondents' views on: 1) Types of local crimes and satisfaction with police crime prevention; 2) The role and importance of community policing through mutual cooperation between police and public; 3) How community policing associations/forums and open house days can facilitate this partnership; and 4) How community policing can empower citizens, especially women, and support democratic policing. The questionnaire contains both closed-ended and open-ended questions seeking respondents' level of agreement and personal opinions on various aspects of community policing.
SSR and human rights are intertwined each other. The focus of this study is to assess security sector reform in Ethiopia and its implication for human right protection in Debre Markos Town Administration. The central objective of the study was to explore the positive and negative implication and challenges of SSR in Ethiopia with a particular reference to protecting human rights in Debre Markos Town. The researchers employed qualitative research method with case study research design.
This document discusses the concept of public service and the role of the BBC. It notes that a public service is a service provided by the government to its citizens, either directly through the public sector or by financing services. It then discusses how this relates to media and what citizens expect to receive. The document examines whether entertainment should be considered a right. It also outlines the BBC's role in delivering services, achieving social outcomes, and maintaining trust and legitimacy. Finally, it discusses wider issues like competition from commercial broadcasters and the need to consider the public interest regarding competition and potential benefits to consumers.
This document provides information about several cities and their policies regarding inclusive services. It summarizes data about cities like Johannesburg, Durban, Freetown, and Edmonton related to population demographics, education, politics, economics, and issues they face. It also describes some of the strategies and policies these cities have implemented related to areas like youth, drugs, housing, employment, women, seniors and disabilities to promote more inclusive services for their residents.
Community policing aims to increase public participation in crime prevention by focusing on problem-solving partnerships between police and the community, rather than just law enforcement and order maintenance. Studies have found mixed effects on crime reduction but benefits for public satisfaction and trust in police. This paper reviews different community policing strategies and their effectiveness. It finds that community policing generally improves citizen satisfaction and reduces perceptions of disorder, but does not significantly impact reported crime or fear of crime. Specific problem-solving approaches partnering with the public may be key to evaluating community policing's effectiveness.
Nina Hobson conducted a secret documentary of the Leister police force over 4 months using hidden cameras. Her findings revealed disturbing issues. The press release aims to inform the public that Hobson's documentary does not represent all police forces and to focus on the positive work of police in protecting the public. Strategies include creating a documentary showing Leister police's legitimate actions and releasing statistics about police strengths to change negative views to acceptance. Tactics include articles in newspapers highlighting police qualities and a press conference explaining why the police chief condemns Hobson's documentary.
The document discusses a study on youth attitudes and knowledge towards elections in Pakistan. It used an experimental approach with a sample of 200 students, administering pre- and post-tests before and after providing a 45-minute election training. The training included a mock election. Results showed that prior to training, youth lacked positive attitudes and knowledge about elections. However, after training and the mock election, youth gained insight into the election process and developed more positive attitudes. The study suggests including election topics in curriculums to help shape youth attitudes and build trust in the democratic process.
The pure emic user interface design methodology for an online community polic...Alexander Decker
This document describes a proposed user interface design methodology for an Online Community Policing Hub (OCPH). It begins with background on online communities and community policing. It then presents the Conceptual Model of Community Informatics Social Network System (CISNS) that the OCPH is based on. The document outlines the stakeholders and functions of the proposed OCPH. It describes using Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) and Software Ergonomic Engineering (SEE) to understand user requirements and develop a suitable interface. Specifically, it proposes a "Pure-Emic User Interface Design" (PEUID) approach to create an interface that is compliant with users of varying skills and abilities.
This document provides a literature review that compares experiences with community policing and community safety policies and strategies in rural Britain and Finland. It examines how national policies in both countries emerged and how subsequent strategies developed from an inter-agency approach focused on crime and disorder to a more holistic vision of community concerns. The review finds that while policy formations were similar, the strategies diverged due to differing societal contexts. It concludes that greater attention must be paid to unique social structures and processes within different contexts for strategies to effectively improve rural security.
This document is a training manual for a citizen-voter education module developed by the Institute for Political and Electoral Reform (IPER) in the Philippines. The manual provides an introduction to the module and its objectives of educating voters. It outlines the course content which covers concepts such as the right to vote, history of elections in the Philippines, elections and democracy, the government structure and electoral process, voter behavior and elections, and a vision for ideal governance. The methodology of lectures, discussions and activities is also described. The manual serves to guide trainers in educating citizen-voters on their democratic rights and responsibilities.
This report summarizes views gathered from community members on improving public confidence in the Metropolitan Police in London. It identifies four main issues that contribute to a lack of public confidence: 1) unreasonable stop and searches, 2) a lack of integration between police and communities, 3) a lack of police accountability, and 4) unreliable police statistics. The report proposes solutions for each issue, including improved training for officers, more community engagement initiatives, clarifying the definition of "reasonable suspicion", empowering community groups to monitor police data and complaints, and working more closely with community organizations. The overall aim is to rebuild trust between the police and the diverse communities in London through more sensitive, community-focused policing.
Enhancing community ownership of policing kennedy sept 2014Michael Kenny
Presents a model for community driven policing to prevent crime. Joint Policing Committee and Local Policing Forum. Model in the Republic of Ireland presented to International Mediation and Restorative Justice Conference. Edward Kennedy Centre Maynooth University
Police-community relations involve complicated interactions between police and various community groups to address crime and social issues. Improving these relations through community policing builds cooperation by having officers partner with residents on safety issues. This allows police to work more effectively and communities to feel safer. Factors like open communication, shared goals, and community involvement through programs like Neighborhood Watch are important for strengthening police-community relations.
These PowerPoint presentations are intended for use by crime prevention practitioners who bring their experience and expertise to each topic. The presentations are not intended for public use or by individuals with no training or expertise in crime prevention. Each presentation is intended to educate, increase awareness, and teach prevention strategies. Presenters must discern whether their audiences require a more basic or advanced level of information.
NCPC welcomes your input and would like your assistance in tracking the use of these topical presentations. Please email NCPC at trainings@ncpc.org with information about when and how the presentations were used. If you like, we will also place you in a database to receive updates of the PowerPoint presentations and additional training information. We encourage you to visit www.ncpc.org to find additional information on these topics. We also invite you to send in your own trainer notes, handouts, pictures, and anecdotes to share with others on www.ncpc.org.
Governing the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in long term care i...Araz Taeihagh
Robotics and autonomous systems have been dubbed as viable technological solutions to address the incessant demand for long-term care (LTC) across the world, which is exacerbated by ageing populations. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC pose risks and unintended consequences. In the health and LTC sectors, there are additional bioethics concerns that are associated with novel technology applications. Using an in-depth case study, we examined the adoption of novel technologies such as robotics and autonomous systems in LTC to meet the rising social care demand in Singapore consequent to its ageing population. We first described the LTC sector in Singapore and traced the development of robotics and autonomous systems deployed in the LTC setting. We then examined technological risks and ethical issues that are associated with their applications. In addressing these technological risks and ethical concerns, Singapore has adopted a regulatory sandbox approach that fosters experimentation through the creation of a robotics test-bed and the initiation of various robotics pilots in different health clusters. The stakeholders largely envision positive scenarios of human-robot coexistence in the LTC setting. When robots can take over routine and manual care duties in the future, human care workers can be freed up to provide more personalised care to the care recipients. We also highlighted existing gaps in the governance of technological risks and ethical issues surrounding the deployment of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC that can be advanced as future research agendas.
Montenegro- Research Regarding Capacities and Integrity of the Public Adminis...UNDP Eurasia
The document summarizes the findings of a research study on the capacities and integrity of public administration in Montenegro. Key findings include that while corruption is seen as reduced compared to 3 years ago, procedures are still complicated. Staff satisfaction in public administration is low due to poor wages and lack of rewards. Recommendations focus on simplifying services, encouraging corruption reporting, informing the public about hiring practices, analyzing staff satisfaction, and increasing legal regulations and punishment for corruption.
The document discusses issues with public services in Indonesia, including low quality, bureaucratic problems, and unclear systems. It notes criticisms that services are slow, expensive, closed, and discriminatory. Suggestions are made to improve transparency and consistency in public services through better information delivery between government units and the community.
Community Policing And The Community Powerpointjclaytonjr
Community policing is a strategy that builds partnerships between law enforcement and communities to improve public safety. It involves problem-solving tactics like COPPS, POP, and SARA to address issues collaboratively. Patrols are designed to fit each community's needs through various methods like foot, vehicle, horse, and K-9 units. Community policing is supported by programs such as Neighborhood Watch, PAL, and DARE that educate the public and prevent crime. When implemented effectively through partnership and problem-solving, community policing improves communities by reducing crime and empowering residents.
Articles - International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and C...ijmpict
The International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies ( IJMPICT ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in regards to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the public sector around the world. ICT are becoming fundamental to the operation of government agencies, especially in light of the development of e-government applications and rising citizen expectations. As such, the International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies ( IJMPICT )
ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY – PHILIPPINE LOCAL JU...ijmpict
An ICT-enabled government provides citizens with improved access to information and services anytime and anywhere. Currently, eighty barangays in the city of San Pablo, Philippines have the means to implement ICT-enabled projects since they are all provided with ICT equipment. However, several barangay transactions are still done manually such as filing and processing complaints at Katarungang Pambarangay, a community-based mechanism for dispute resolution. This study aims to determine the problems encountered in Katarungang Pambarangay, to determine the level of readiness of the barangay in utilizing an information system and to propose a software application as a solution to the problems. The proponents conducted qualitative and quantitative methods. An interview was conducted with a DILG representative to identify the problems. While a survey questionnaire was given to the barangay to determine their readiness in utilizing an e-system. This research analyses the findings and presents recommendations
This document contains a questionnaire about community policing. It seeks respondents' views on: 1) Types of local crimes and satisfaction with police crime prevention; 2) The role and importance of community policing through mutual cooperation between police and public; 3) How community policing associations/forums and open house days can facilitate this partnership; and 4) How community policing can empower citizens, especially women, and support democratic policing. The questionnaire contains both closed-ended and open-ended questions seeking respondents' level of agreement and personal opinions on various aspects of community policing.
SSR and human rights are intertwined each other. The focus of this study is to assess security sector reform in Ethiopia and its implication for human right protection in Debre Markos Town Administration. The central objective of the study was to explore the positive and negative implication and challenges of SSR in Ethiopia with a particular reference to protecting human rights in Debre Markos Town. The researchers employed qualitative research method with case study research design.
This document discusses the concept of public service and the role of the BBC. It notes that a public service is a service provided by the government to its citizens, either directly through the public sector or by financing services. It then discusses how this relates to media and what citizens expect to receive. The document examines whether entertainment should be considered a right. It also outlines the BBC's role in delivering services, achieving social outcomes, and maintaining trust and legitimacy. Finally, it discusses wider issues like competition from commercial broadcasters and the need to consider the public interest regarding competition and potential benefits to consumers.
This document provides information about several cities and their policies regarding inclusive services. It summarizes data about cities like Johannesburg, Durban, Freetown, and Edmonton related to population demographics, education, politics, economics, and issues they face. It also describes some of the strategies and policies these cities have implemented related to areas like youth, drugs, housing, employment, women, seniors and disabilities to promote more inclusive services for their residents.
Community policing aims to increase public participation in crime prevention by focusing on problem-solving partnerships between police and the community, rather than just law enforcement and order maintenance. Studies have found mixed effects on crime reduction but benefits for public satisfaction and trust in police. This paper reviews different community policing strategies and their effectiveness. It finds that community policing generally improves citizen satisfaction and reduces perceptions of disorder, but does not significantly impact reported crime or fear of crime. Specific problem-solving approaches partnering with the public may be key to evaluating community policing's effectiveness.
Nina Hobson conducted a secret documentary of the Leister police force over 4 months using hidden cameras. Her findings revealed disturbing issues. The press release aims to inform the public that Hobson's documentary does not represent all police forces and to focus on the positive work of police in protecting the public. Strategies include creating a documentary showing Leister police's legitimate actions and releasing statistics about police strengths to change negative views to acceptance. Tactics include articles in newspapers highlighting police qualities and a press conference explaining why the police chief condemns Hobson's documentary.
The document discusses a study on youth attitudes and knowledge towards elections in Pakistan. It used an experimental approach with a sample of 200 students, administering pre- and post-tests before and after providing a 45-minute election training. The training included a mock election. Results showed that prior to training, youth lacked positive attitudes and knowledge about elections. However, after training and the mock election, youth gained insight into the election process and developed more positive attitudes. The study suggests including election topics in curriculums to help shape youth attitudes and build trust in the democratic process.
The pure emic user interface design methodology for an online community polic...Alexander Decker
This document describes a proposed user interface design methodology for an Online Community Policing Hub (OCPH). It begins with background on online communities and community policing. It then presents the Conceptual Model of Community Informatics Social Network System (CISNS) that the OCPH is based on. The document outlines the stakeholders and functions of the proposed OCPH. It describes using Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) and Software Ergonomic Engineering (SEE) to understand user requirements and develop a suitable interface. Specifically, it proposes a "Pure-Emic User Interface Design" (PEUID) approach to create an interface that is compliant with users of varying skills and abilities.
This document provides a literature review that compares experiences with community policing and community safety policies and strategies in rural Britain and Finland. It examines how national policies in both countries emerged and how subsequent strategies developed from an inter-agency approach focused on crime and disorder to a more holistic vision of community concerns. The review finds that while policy formations were similar, the strategies diverged due to differing societal contexts. It concludes that greater attention must be paid to unique social structures and processes within different contexts for strategies to effectively improve rural security.
This document provides an introduction and methodology for a research proposal that will assess community policing and crime prevention in Moses Garoeb Constituency, Namibia. It begins with an orientation stating that the study will determine the impact of community policing on crime prevention and community participation levels. It then presents the problem statement noting high crime rates in Namibia. The objectives are to determine the impact of community policing and investigate community participation. Research questions are provided. The significance of the study and limitations are briefly discussed before concluding with an introduction to the literature review and methodology sections to follow. A quantitative research design using surveys is proposed.
Community Oriented Policing, United States, 2015INSPEC2T Project
Presentation by Dr. Maria (Maki) Haberfeld, John Jay College of Criminal Justice at the INSPEC2T Project's 1st Stakeholders Advisory Group and External Experts Group Workshop in Vienna, 3 November 2015
The community policing model introduced in Trichy, India addressed high crime rates and lack of public trust in police. Commissioner J.K. Tripathy selected dedicated beat officers to engage with the public and gain their cooperation. Beat officers were empowered to make independent decisions and address community issues. This helped improve police-community relations and information sharing. Crime rates dropped 40% and public support for police increased as they were seen as more responsive partners. The model demonstrated how community engagement and empowering local officers can transform public safety.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pendekatan Community Policing atau Polmas yang diatur dalam Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 3 Tahun 2015. Polmas merupakan kerja sama antara polisi dan masyarakat dalam memecahkan masalah dengan langkah-langkah seperti mencari, menganalisis, merespon, dan menilai masalah. Tujuan akhir dari pendekatan ini adalah terciptanya hubungan yang baik antara polisi dan masyarakat serta upaya pemecahan
This document summarizes the evolution of policing from its early beginnings to modern community policing approaches. It describes the development of policing in Britain and its influence on early policing in the US. It then outlines the professional era of policing in the US and its problems. It discusses the emergence of community policing in response to these issues and how it has developed and spread. It concludes by examining new tools, the role of policing in homeland security, and executive sessions on policing.
The document discusses internal security and community policing in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Nigeria. It examines community policing models in Malaysia and Indonesia that emphasize police-community partnerships through organizations like Rukun Tetangga in Malaysia and task forces in Indonesia. The document proposes several policy options for Nigeria, including emphasizing data-driven policing, training police in community engagement, ensuring community policing forums are inclusive, and evaluating community policing programs. The goal is for Nigeria to adopt innovative community policing practices that have been successful in other countries.
Effect of poor customer care on the image of police a case study of uganda po...bwire sedrick
The common denominator in all the complaints registered against the Service is in terms of poor customer care and other tangibles all crucial elements of service. The Government of Uganda has invested in a number of Commissions all geared to addressing the concept of customer care. It is however notable that no research has been carried out to investigate on the effect of poor customer care on the image of Uganda police.
Electronic copy available at httpsssrn.comabstract=30157.docxaryan532920
Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3015740
Community Policing In Kenya: Examining the Challenges Derailing
Police-Civilian Relations in Teso South Sub-County.
Levis Amuya
Department of Social Work and Criminology, Kibabii University, Bungoma, Kenya
Abstract: There is still a staggering implementation level of community policing strategy many years after its
inception in Kenya. Part of the reason for dismal actualization is attributed to the controversial nature of the police
as a public service institution. This research paper attempts to illuminate the challenges to the realization of
community policing (CP) initiatives in Teso South Sub-county. Specific emphasis was placed on how the roles of the
key players in CP together with the challenges they face in their service brings Community Policing (CP) as a whole
to its knees. Busia County government, where Teso South Sub-County is located, still pays lip service to the CP
initiative and it is not treated as a matter of urgency thus leading to its dormancy as a policing strategy. Data was
collected from 108 respondents that included police officers and community members and stakeholders.
Questionnaires, interviews, and focused group discussions were devised in collecting the data which was coded and
then analyzed using mode. The data was presented by use of frequency tables and pie charts. The study has reviewed
enough literature to help illuminate and understand the issues being studied appropriately. The findings of the study
address the problems of implementation, including poor police-civilian partnerships and unawareness of respective
roles among the public and the police who are the key players in CP. The study underscores that there is need for
increased civic education and capacity building among police officers especially on CP for it to achieve its intended
purpose.
Key Words: Community policing, crime, impediments, actualization, sustainability, engagement,
organizational commitment, police culture.
1. INTRODUCTION
Community policing (CP) has received increasing attention in the last decades as a viable strategy to improve the
way of life and public safety. The medieval African way of life had community policing concepts at the heart of
human relations. In traditional African society, crime was viewed largely as a violation of an individual by another.
From an African perspective, when crimes occurred, it was not the law that was broken; but people’s lives. When
colonialism emerged, it ushered in different crime control models since crime was no longer viewed as a conflict but
a violation of the state (Wambugha, 2010). However, the recent days have seen many African societies re-adopting
community policing due to the increasing need for community collective approaches to its problems. The concept
has enjoyed growing influence and popularity in recent years and a sharply increasing number of police agen ...
This document summarizes a research study on the effectiveness of police community relation programs in crime prevention as perceived by barangay officials in Iriga City, Philippines. The study aims to determine the different police community relation programs implemented, and the effectiveness of these programs as perceived by barangay officials. The study will survey officials from 3 barangays in Iriga City using a questionnaire. The results could help improve police-community relations and guide future crime prevention efforts.
This briefing paper summarizes discussions from a five-day training course on policing communities in fragile and conflict-affected states. The course aimed to increase knowledge and skills for policing in these environments. Five syndicates discussed challenges, lessons learned, and guiding principles. Key themes included the importance of understanding local culture, building trust with communities and local police, developing accountability mechanisms, working with non-state actors, and engaging the right community members to disseminate information. The paper provides summaries of each syndicate's presentation and proposed guiding principles for effective policing with communities in fragile and conflict-affected states.
Runnin head: POLICE AND CRIME 1
POLICE AND CRIME 2
Police And Crime: Rough Draft
William Hodge
English 122
Jennifer Chagala
Police should be effective when it comes to their work. There is the need for police officers to achieve their proper and officially sanctioned goals, such as when it comes to things relating to crime and maintaining law and order. Police officers are more than the crime fighters. They are conflict manager traffic controllers, and service providers among other things. Most people perceive these people to be only crime fighters, but this partially part of their work (Niederhoffer, 1967). There is more to policing than only to fight evil. Fighting crime is just partial work of real policing. Real policing is much more. The role is inescapably complex. This paper explains how the members of the public shall enjoy the police service and high quality security provision if they understand the various services, departments and activities that police officers must practice in the areas of their jurisdiction. Enjoying police services are possible through effective strategies the police and other security departments will implement to improve the level of security.
Below are some strategies that will make police effective; hence making it possible for the public to enjoy the services they are providing:
Police training
Police training plays a significant role in helping to ensure effectiveness of policing and attainment of the desired goals. Moreover, through training, police officers are equipped to serve and protect the public. This is through gaining knowledge and skills that are needed to serve the public in a better way. There are shortfall in conduct that has been determined in some police officers. This shortfall in the conduct can be addressed through training officers. The fear that persists when it comes to policing can also be done away with through training.
Criminal activities and ensure security
There are different types of criminal activities that people engage in. Among the criminal activities are theft property theft, identity theft, assault (physical assault, sexual assault), murder, burglary, receipt of stolen goods, false pretense, forgery, and arson among others. This list of criminal activities is very long. Police officers have to ensure those caught in the act of carrying out these activities as well as those suspected are caught and brought to justice or punished. This will help to bring in the element of deterrence in other people.
Police and disaster
Natural and man-made disasters usually occur and result in many loses among people. Disasters are now frequent and their severities have increased. Police officers are called upon most times to help deal with these disasters (Ostrom, Parks, Whita ...
Policing has completed its natural cycle, originating from a community function to a global network, and now back to base as community or universal policing.
The common phrase of ‘Dan’sanda Abokin Kowa’ (police the friend for all) has transformed into the new ‘Dan’sanda Na Kowa’ (policing for all by all).
The process of policing is intrinsically tied to the primary activities of the People.
The Police are the closest government agents to the community level.
Police-Public Relations as a Potent Tool for Combating Crime, Insecurity, and...inventionjournals
For quite long now, some commentators have oftentimes been lured into confusing the concept and practice of police-public relations with that of police-community relations, community policing, policemedia relations or local vigilantism. Against this backdrop, therefore, this paper examined the state of police– public relations in Nigeria with special focus on how it could be deployed as a potent tool for fighting crime and preventing social disorder in the country. The paper adopted a research methodology of review of extant related literature on the fields of security, public, and policing backed by judgmental content analysis technique. The paper made a number of interesting findings. Prominent among this findings included the fact that Police authorities in Nigeria since 1930, the force was established had made efforts to forge a strong relationship with the public it serves including establishment of such structures and mechanisms like Police Public Complaints Bureau, Police Community Relations Committees and various organs of community-policing projects scattered all over the country. In spite of these efforts, police–public relations in the country had remained sordidly sour, conflictual, and unredeeming. Again, the paper also identified a number of structural, institutional, and attitudinal factors that are responsible for the deteriorating gap in the relationship between the police in Nigeria and members of the public they are hired to serve. These factors include systemic corruption, the very nature of policing in a once colonized state like Nigeria, inappropriate use of lethal force, extrajudicial killings, and intimidation. Others are extortion, illegal arrest and detention, poor funding and lack of adequate training or education, among other ills. Finally, the study made a number of recommendations, as a way forward which included greater emphasis on awareness campaigns to sanitize the police force to be appreciated by members of the public, that NPPRD should be made autonomous and public relations professionals recruited into its fold; rigorous background check of recruits in order to weed out persons of questionable character at the point of entry; and design of curriculum that would inculcate modern policing ideals and democratic values in police rank and file, among others
This document proposes a hybrid police-youth interaction program to be piloted in middle schools. The program would have two components: 1) A classroom game called "JJJeopardy" that educates youth about juvenile law and positive decision making; and 2) An after-school program called "Side By Side" where police and youth build relationships through team-building activities and community service. The goal is to improve police-youth relations, educate youth, and encourage minority youth to consider law enforcement careers. The program aims to address racial disparities still seen in school arrest rates by providing cross-cultural training for police and youth.
Community policing is a philosophy that promotes partnership between the police and the community. It focuses on problem-solving and addressing the root causes of crime, rather than just responding to incidents. Unlike traditional policing which is reactive, community policing proactively addresses disorder and involves the community in identifying and solving issues. It has evolved over time and relies on information sharing, communication, data analysis, and problem-solving to improve police effectiveness and community relations.
BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1 Course Lea.docxaryan532920
BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Analyze impediments to community policing.
7.1 Explore the challenges faced by law enforcement related to maintaining safe neighborhoods
and communities using community policing strategies.
8. Explain why CPTED (crime prevention through environmental design) and Weed and Seed programs
are important to neighborhood safety.
8.1 Discuss how CPTED is related to community policing strategies designed to maintain safe
neighborhoods and communities.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 9:
Early Experiments in Crime Prevention and the Evolution of Community Policing Strategies
Chapter 10:
Safe Neighborhoods and Communities: From Traffic Problems to Crime
Unit Lesson
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, crime prevention programs became popular. Such programs included
street lighting projects, security survey projects, neighborhood watch projects, and property identification
projects. The street lighting projects employed a strategy called crime prevention through environmental
design (CPTED). This strategy requires that the environment be designed in such a way to reduce and/or
eliminate the elements necessary for crime (e.g., motivated offender, suitable target, absence of a capable
guardian). Street lighting can be strategically placed in an environment to increase the visibility in that area.
Research has found that street lighting projects do not decrease crime rates; however, they do have a
positive impact on how secure community members feel. Property identification projects are designed to allow
community members to identify their property so that in the event that it is stolen it can be identified as that
community member’s property.
Similar to the street lighting projects research has not been able to demonstrate that property identification
projects have an effect on reducing crime in the entire community and/or increasing the apprehension of the
perpetrators of those crimes. Security surveys also take into consideration the design and place when
developing prevention strategies. Once elements of a location that put people at risk or create opportunities
for crime are identified, problem-solving strategies are implemented to develop a crime prevention program
for that environment.
Citizen patrol projects, citizen crime reporting, neighborhood or block programs, and special crime watch
programs (e.g., mobile crime watch, youth crime watch, business crime watch, apartment watch, realtor
watch, and carrier alert) are programs designed to directly involve the community in the crime prevention
process. Citizens actively patrol communities, eliminate environmental opportunities for crime, and/or inform
law enforcement about criminal activity in the community (Miller, Hess, & Orthmann, 2014).
Crime prevention programs have also been specifically designed ...
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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1
4
Police and Public Relations Draft
ShunaRollins
3/4/21
Police and Public Relations Introduction
The ever present threat of violence and fear perpetrated on individuals and properties is among the concern when regarding public safety and the ability to enjoy freedoms and rights. This is because of the manner they threaten the safety, good governance and the peaceful environment expected in a community. This as such becomes the role of the police to ensure that such occurrences and individuals are kept in check through the use of laws and regulations which end up in provision of security and sustainability. In this aspect, they tend to interact and have relations regarding how they conduct their duties and maintain order. This forms the basic essence of public relations as it seeks to determine how individuals perceive and communicate among each other. There is a need for them to act under the law, and this is set to ensure that they earn respect among the public and create good public relations with the general public.
This is also considering the high number of cases that have been highlighted by the media, which is at the forefront of highlighting information, and current events which have not played well in the light of the public. The relationship has become strenuous with the police losing trust and belief in certain communities. This is the essence of this discussion, which is the relationship between a police and public relations. Public relations goes hand in hand with services that are meant to benefit the general public.
It is because of the public interest by every individual to feel safe under law enforcement. Police relations enable the administration of norms and rules established as they affect both the community at large and the police also (Barker & Hunter, 2011). Proper public relations allow for the ease of policing and administration of justice. As such, it is important to highlight the importance of public relations for the police and community and whether there can be more proactive methods to improve and increase for better relations far from the negative perspective held now.
Analysis and Discussion
1. Goals Associated with the Police Public Relations
On top of those, there is a crucial connection between public relations in police administration is and the manner in which it can be achieved with ease and acceptance to the community being policed. This clearly delineates the manner in which administration of law differs from the infringement of their rights and freedoms (Cordner G., 2010). As such, this topic of discussion should be of interest to educators, learners and other stakeholders in society that may utilize the information herein to get a better relation between literature and education. What is already established is that indeed literature holds a crucial role in education and this will be discussed to what extent herein. Proceeding in that manner will lead to the introduction of information n ...
14Police and Public Relations DraftShunaRollEttaBenton28
1
4
Police and Public Relations Draft
ShunaRollins
3/4/21
Police and Public Relations Introduction
The ever present threat of violence and fear perpetrated on individuals and properties is among the concern when regarding public safety and the ability to enjoy freedoms and rights. This is because of the manner they threaten the safety, good governance and the peaceful environment expected in a community. This as such becomes the role of the police to ensure that such occurrences and individuals are kept in check through the use of laws and regulations which end up in provision of security and sustainability. In this aspect, they tend to interact and have relations regarding how they conduct their duties and maintain order. This forms the basic essence of public relations as it seeks to determine how individuals perceive and communicate among each other. There is a need for them to act under the law, and this is set to ensure that they earn respect among the public and create good public relations with the general public.
This is also considering the high number of cases that have been highlighted by the media, which is at the forefront of highlighting information, and current events which have not played well in the light of the public. The relationship has become strenuous with the police losing trust and belief in certain communities. This is the essence of this discussion, which is the relationship between a police and public relations. Public relations goes hand in hand with services that are meant to benefit the general public.
It is because of the public interest by every individual to feel safe under law enforcement. Police relations enable the administration of norms and rules established as they affect both the community at large and the police also (Barker & Hunter, 2011). Proper public relations allow for the ease of policing and administration of justice. As such, it is important to highlight the importance of public relations for the police and community and whether there can be more proactive methods to improve and increase for better relations far from the negative perspective held now.
Analysis and Discussion
1. Goals Associated with the Police Public Relations
On top of those, there is a crucial connection between public relations in police administration is and the manner in which it can be achieved with ease and acceptance to the community being policed. This clearly delineates the manner in which administration of law differs from the infringement of their rights and freedoms (Cordner G., 2010). As such, this topic of discussion should be of interest to educators, learners and other stakeholders in society that may utilize the information herein to get a better relation between literature and education. What is already established is that indeed literature holds a crucial role in education and this will be discussed to what extent herein. Proceeding in that manner will lead to the introduction of information n ...
This document provides an overview of a thesis that evaluates the efficacy of police visibility in reducing robbery and theft incidents in Barangay 180, Zone 16, Tondo, Manila. The study aims to determine the impact of police patrolling on community peace and order. It discusses the background of police-community relations in the area and presents a conceptual framework examining the role of police visibility. The methodology involves surveying police officers and community members on topics like crime response, prevention, and checkpoints. The significance of the study is that it could help improve community policing strategies and partnerships between police and residents to reduce crime.
Running heading LINCOLN, NEBRASKA POLICE DEPARTMENT NEED ASSESSME.docxagnesdcarey33086
The document discusses conducting a needs assessment for the Lincoln, Nebraska Police Department. It identifies several needs, including bolstering community policing through proper training and resources. Crime analysis indicates high rates of violent crimes like assault and property crimes like theft. The assessment recommends reformulating the department's goals to include situational crime analysis, hybrid modeling by employing local civilians, and improving community competence to address issues like rape and burglary. An integrated approach utilizing technology, intelligence sharing, and public-private partnerships is needed to secure the city.
Running heading LINCOLN, NEBRASKA POLICE DEPARTMENT NEED ASSESSME.docxrtodd599
Running heading: LINCOLN, NEBRASKA POLICE DEPARTMENT NEED ASSESSMENT 1
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA POLICE DEPARTMENT NEED ASSESSMENT 6
Lincoln, Nebraska Police Department Need Assessment
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Lincoln, Nebraska Police Department Need Assessment
Introduction
In 1989, the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies accredited the Police department. The police department focusses on ensuring consistency, fairness, and professionalism in the provision of the policing services. Due to the increase in the number of hacktivists, the department aims at bolstering the sector. Community policing is a fundamental role improved by proper training and allocation of the needed resources. The resources may be human, physical, and financial. This paper focusses on conducting a need assessment for Lincoln, Nebraska department based on the mentioned objectives.
Goals and vision of the department
For effective policing, there is a need to complement the common goals and vision. Cultural competence or community competence is essential in policing. The police service should be aware of the surrounding, which has proved to influence the behavior. Behavior affects the crime rate as criminals can effectively evaluate the environment for the assurance that will succeed. For example, drug peddlers associate littered streets and abandoned houses as the best environment for his business. Through cultural community competence, the department will be useful in curbing such crimes.
The police department needs to analyze crime factors. This has been an effective strategy in the prevention of situational crimes. The crimes include the prevention of robberies of banks and stores. The crime factors have been attributed to causing more trouble to the citizenry. The identification of the relationship between community issues and the physical surrounding calls for the systematic analysis of the environmental conditions. This analysis should be carried using questionnaires in the form of surveys, which are conducted by members of the public and or the police officers. This will also assist in understanding the community within.
Hybrid modeling as a strategy has been effective in boosting the security aspect of a different organization. The concept has been associated with “Hybrid blending,” whereby the respective society produces staff to act as volunteers in the police services (Fenner, 2014). In most cases, these staff will provide non-essential services. These individuals work together with the trained officers as they are trained too. In some cases, the officers can be deployed as police reservists.
Factors considered in the analysis
The needs of the community as far as policing is concerned is crucial in the provision of services. This is based on the issues bothering Lincoln society. Based on data obtained from the neighborhood scout, the crime rate is high in Lincoln. The safest areas inc.
Running heading LINCOLN, NEBRASKA POLICE DEPARTMENT NEED ASSESSMEMalikPinckney86
Running heading: LINCOLN, NEBRASKA POLICE DEPARTMENT NEED ASSESSMENT 1
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA POLICE DEPARTMENT NEED ASSESSMENT 6
Lincoln, Nebraska Police Department Need Assessment
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Lincoln, Nebraska Police Department Need Assessment
Introduction
In 1989, the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies accredited the Police department. The police department focusses on ensuring consistency, fairness, and professionalism in the provision of the policing services. Due to the increase in the number of hacktivists, the department aims at bolstering the sector. Community policing is a fundamental role improved by proper training and allocation of the needed resources. The resources may be human, physical, and financial. This paper focusses on conducting a need assessment for Lincoln, Nebraska department based on the mentioned objectives.
Goals and vision of the department
For effective policing, there is a need to complement the common goals and vision. Cultural competence or community competence is essential in policing. The police service should be aware of the surrounding, which has proved to influence the behavior. Behavior affects the crime rate as criminals can effectively evaluate the environment for the assurance that will succeed. For example, drug peddlers associate littered streets and abandoned houses as the best environment for his business. Through cultural community competence, the department will be useful in curbing such crimes.
The police department needs to analyze crime factors. This has been an effective strategy in the prevention of situational crimes. The crimes include the prevention of robberies of banks and stores. The crime factors have been attributed to causing more trouble to the citizenry. The identification of the relationship between community issues and the physical surrounding calls for the systematic analysis of the environmental conditions. This analysis should be carried using questionnaires in the form of surveys, which are conducted by members of the public and or the police officers. This will also assist in understanding the community within.
Hybrid modeling as a strategy has been effective in boosting the security aspect of a different organization. The concept has been associated with “Hybrid blending,” whereby the respective society produces staff to act as volunteers in the police services (Fenner, 2014). In most cases, these staff will provide non-essential services. These individuals work together with the trained officers as they are trained too. In some cases, the officers can be deployed as police reservists.
Factors considered in the analysis
The needs of the community as far as policing is concerned is crucial in the provision of services. This is based on the issues bothering Lincoln society. Based on data obtained from the neighborhood scout, the crime rate is high in Lincoln. The safest areas inc ...
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Challenges faced by community oriented policing trainees in nigeria
1. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
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Challenges Faced By Community- Oriented Policing Trainees In
Nigeria
Ogadimma Chukwubueze, Arisukwu
Department of Sociology University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
*E-mail: Collinsabu2000@yahoo.com
And
Dr Rasheed Akanji Okunola
Department of Sociology University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
E-mail: mayeloyecaliphate@yahoo.com
Abstract
Community oriented policing training prepares the police trainees on how to partner with the public in crime
prevention and control in Nigeria. The trainees after leaving the training grounds still find it difficult to integrate
with their colleagues and members of the public in crime prevention and control in Nigeria. The crisis of theory
and practice of community oriented policing in Nigeria emerges as the trainees are confronted with both
organizational and environmental obstacles in the field. The training of community oriented policing officers need
not be in isolation of the operational environment after training.
This study unveiled some of the challenges and difficulties experienced by community oriented policing trainees
after the training in Nigeria. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and
analysis. The Gap theory of George J. Thompson was adopted to understand the effects of police interactions with
the public after training in community oriented policing in Nigeria.
The study revealed some of the challenges faced by police trainees after community oriented policing training in
Nigeria and recommended adequate posting and monitoring of the police after training.
Key words: Operational environment, Training, Challenges, prevention, crime
1. INTRODUCTION
Community policing, just as the name implies, requires a unique partnership with the public and police in
crime prevention and control within the community. It is a modern policing strategy which allows the police to
proactively act beyond mere crime fighting, but to partner with community members in setting the security
priorities in the society and fashioning ways of resolving identified problems in the community (Trojanowicz,
Kappeler, Gaines, Bucqueroux, Sluder, 1998). This synergy between the police and the public is anchored on
mutual trust and respect between both parties, and could be enhanced through adequate community policing
training.
According to Arase and Iwuofor (2007) community policing has come to remodel recruitment, training and
placement strategies, so that the best wield the baton, as well as elicit public cooperation and partnership in
policing Nigeria. Community policing training prepares the police officer mentally, and physically to meet up with
many demands of his job (Andrews, 2009). This partnership, according to Jerome and David (1998), will make
both the police and the people “co-producers of safety” in the community. The Nigeria Police has a mission
statement that aims to create a safer and more secured environment conducive for meaningful socio-economic
development through community policing, and crime prevention (Arase & Iwuofor, 2007). The major challenge
now is how to empower the police with the needed skills through community policing training to achieve these
noble goals in Nigeria.
The emergence of democracy in Nigeria has placed additional demands and challenges on both police training and
operational strategies. People are now expecting the police to respect their human rights and rule of law while
carrying out their operations in the society. Also, the global shift from traditional approach in policing to a more
humane, problem solving and community participatory policing style has necessitated a commensurate change in
the training of police officers in the society (Palmiotto, Birzer,&Unnithan, 2000).
1.1 Statement of the problem
As beneficial as community oriented policing might be, it faces difficulty in its operation and implementation in
the society after training. This difficulty in implementation has become a major police concern. The resistance can
come from both the police and members of the public. Sometimes the police perceive community oriented
policing to be too soft to suspects and inadequate for violent crimes. Though the police have spent much time and
resources training their officers, yet police operations were guided by professional orientations. Members of the
public are still alienated by the police in carrying out their duties.
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The police officers that benefited from the imperfections of the traditional style find it difficult to change their
orientations even after undergoing community oriented policing training. The perception of law enforcement
rather than service to the people still dominates police actions to the people. Some of the deviant sub-cultures
within police organization sometimes makes it difficult for the police to effectively operate community oriented
policing strategy in their community.
Despite police focus on crime fighting and law enforcement, crime rate still soars and there is equally an increase
in the fear of crime among the people. Most police operations were designed and carried out without much input
from the people within the communities. This reactionary policing style and lack of respect for people’s rights,
dignity and security concerns by police while performing their duties in the community, created a gap between the
police and the people. Community oriented policing training aims at reducing this gap between the police and the
people by increasing people’s confidence and trust of the police. This study therefore focuses on the challenges
encountered by the police after community oriented policing training in Nigeria.
1.2 The Study Objectives
The study was guided by the following objectives;
1. To examine the nature of challenges police trainees face after training.
2. To observe the perceptions of police trainees after training.
3. To find out how the identified challenges were resolved by the police
1.3 Significance of the study
This study brought to the fore the common challenges faced by the police after community oriented
policing training in Nigeria. The study helps the police as an organization to understand how to deploy and
monitor their officers after training better to achieve the goal of community policing in Nigeria. The study helps
the police to provide decentralized and humane services that empower the community to participate as partners in
crime prevention creating a safe neighbourhood to live and work. Members of the public get a better
understanding of their role and responsibility in the general security of their community. The government benefits
by using the findings in this study to shape community policing training and operations so as to prevent crime and
enhance police- public interactions in Nigeria.
1.4 Scope of the study
The study was carried out in two states capitals, Ikeja in Lagos state and Makurdi in Benue state. The population
of study consisted of both the police and members of the public in Makurdi and Ikeja. The study populations were
police officers who have undergone the community oriented policing training and adult members of the
community who have stayed at least five years in the community.
2. Brief literature review.
2.1 The reason for the emergence of community oriented policing training in Nigeria
Community policing emerged due to concerns that the prevailing system has failed. The traditional or
“professional” policing approach stressed the efficiency of rapid responds as the primary means of addressing
serious crime.
Most times citizens watch crime take place in their community without reporting to the police because they do not
want to “get involved” or they do not trust the police. So to function better, the police through community oriented
policing training and effective partnership with the community now has the capacity to prevent crime and
intervene in problems within the community.
According to (George L. Kelling, 1988), in this era when people from all walks of life feel angry and alienated
from government and its representatives, moving closer to the people fulfills community orientated policing’s
mandate to build trust with the consumers of their service. If the police realize that they exist for the people and
without working with the people they cannot prevent crime, then the people should form the fulcrum of their
services and activities within the community. The overarching goal of community oriented policing should be for
the police to become partners with the community, empowering them so that they can shoulder their share of the
responsibility and the tough work of making their neighborhoods safer (Trojanowicz, 2011). This partnership is
enhanced through adequate community oriented policing training in Nigeria.
2.2 Community policing and training
Police departments face many challenges when dealing with the changes brought about by community policing.
Community policing requires major internal changes. It also requires restructuring almost every aspect of the
police-community relationship. Therefore, the shift to community policing greatly affects how police officers are
trained. By making necessary changes in internal training procedures and providing training programs to
community members, police agencies can make a smooth and effective transition to community policing (Sloan et
al., 1992). In order to effectively implement the most appropriate community policing training programs, first of
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all, basic job assessment should be conducted. Secondly, for each group who will be provided community policing
training, the most relevant type of training should be chosen to increase the likelihood of a successful transition to
community policing.
The main goal of community policing is to improve the crime control capacities of the police by creating an
effective working partnership between the community and the police (Moore and Trojanowicz, 1988). Community
policing invites citizens to collaborate with the police to establish a community-specific crime-fighting agenda
(Weinstein, 1998). This policy also utilizes problem solving techniques, encouraging police to seek creative,
proactive solutions to solve community problems (Moore and Trojanowicz, 1988). In order to use this problem
solving approach, community police must exhibit intelligence, analytic ability, sensitivity, and moral character
(Trojanowicz and Belknap, 1986).
2.3 The importance of training
Training is crucial for the adoption of any significant change and is the foundation for how people or organizations
respond to changes. A comprehensive training approach is essential in institutionalizing the philosophy and
practice of community policing within a police agency. However, in designing training that meets the needs of the
people who constitute end users of the training outcome, effort must be made to solicit the in-put of the people. As
beneficiaries of training outcome, the people will be able to express their expectations and suggest the best ways to
realize them.
Proponents of community oriented policing believe that this new paradigm has the potential to serve as a model
for reform of the entire criminal justice system. According to (Sloan et al, 1992), the philosophy and mission of
community policing can drive all aspects of training. So that training becomes the key to promoting and
institutionalizing the shift to community policing. To achieve this, (Sloan et al, 1992) suggested that all aspects of
training should be analysed to ensure that they promote the mission of community oriented policing, which is to
provide decentralized and personalized police service that empowers the community to participate as partners in
the process of making their neighbourhoods better and safer places to live and work.
One of the major goals of community policing is to establish a partnership with citizens and facilitate their
involvement in the policy. In order to be able to do that, community members need to understand their roles in
community policing. Furthermore, they must be motivated to become active participants in community policing
efforts.
3.0 Theoretical Framework
The study relied on Gap theory to understand the police public partnership in crime prevention and control in
Nigeria after community policing training.
Gap theory (George J. Thomson): This theory argues that there is a growing ‘gap’ between the police and the
community in too many areas. People mistreated by the police withdraw from the police and are never eager to
help the police. Until officers are taught to care for the people, the ‘gap’ increases. The crooks benefit from the
‘gap’ between the police and the people. However, the better the police treat the people, the safer they feel and the
more the ‘gap’ closes. As the ‘gap’ closes, it closes on the crook and bad guys in the community. Community
policing training will therefore promote trust and confidence building between the police and the people in
preventing crime in the community.
According to (Thompson, 2006), the quality of contact with the people by the police affects the way the people in
turn perceive the police.
Therefore, to improve on the quality of contacts with the public, the police should be thought about the ’90-10
principle’ of the community. Thompson, (2006) stated that in the worst areas of the cities, 90 percent of all the
people in those communities are good, hard-working, decent folks trying to make a living with dignity. Ten
percent are the murderers, drug dealers, kidnappers and other criminal elements that need to be taken off the
streets.
However, the problem with police work is that too often, 90 percent of police contacts are with those 10 percent.
So it distorts police view of the community. The police easily become cynical and tend to ‘go to war’ against those
communities rather than taking on a protective role. This according to (Thompson, 2006) explains why the police
are most hated where they are most needed. People mistreated do not give intelligence to those who mistreated
them. So adequate community policing training will help close the gap of mistrust and lack of confidence between
the police and the people and make police more humane in carrying out their services within the community.
3.1 Research design
This research utilized Ex-post facto design. The survey method was complemented with qualitative research
method by using in-depth interview on purposively selected police trainers, Divisional Police Officers (DPOs),
and key community leaders from the selected community policing piloting police stations, and communities in
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Benue, and Lagos States. Also, Focus group discussions were conducted on the police, and the training curriculum
contents were equally observed. The general conducts of the police were equally observed in the study areas.
3.2 Study area
LAGOS
Lagos State is the 2nd
most populous city in Africa, behind Cairo in Egypt and is estimated to be the 2nd
fastest
growing city in Africa (UN-HABITAT, 2008). Lagos is the commercial nerve centre of Nigeria. The presence
of Air and Sea ports make the city unique for all forms of business activities.
Lagos has 20 local government areas, with a population of 7,937,932 according to the 2006 Census figure. The
state was created on May 27th
1967. While the State is essentially a Yoruba speaking environment, it is a
socio-cultural melting pot attracting both Nigerians and Foreigners alike. Lagos with its large population and
volume of economic activities posses some security challenges to the police.
BENUE STATE
Benue is a state in the north-central geo-political zone of Nigeria, with a population of about 2.8 million
according to the 1991 census figure. Benue state was named after the Benue River and was formed from the
former Benue-Plateau state in 1976. Benue has 23 local government areas.
Markurdi the state capital is a home for people from all walks of life. Markurdi is a relatively peaceful town. Tiv,
Idoma and Igede are spoken predominantly in addition to English language. The state is rich in Agricultural
products, and is known as the food basket of the nation. Other commercial activities equally take place in the
state. The state capital Markurdi is relatively peaceful and low in volume of commercial activities.
3.3 Study population
The study population for this study were constituted mainly by the police and key community leaders in the
selected study areas. In Benue, Makurdi the state capital was purposively selected for this study, while in lagos,
Ikeja the state capital was purposively selected for the study because they form the bulk of the community
policing piloting divisions within the states. Six Police divisional headquarters were selected from each state
through a purposive sampling method representing community policing piloting Divisional Headquarters in the
states. 600 copies of questionnaire, 50 for each police division were administered on the policemen, who had
undergone the community policing training, through a simple random sampling method. This population was
obtained by relying on Cochran’s (1977) sample size formula determination.
For the qualitative method, eight (8) community Policing trainers, six (6) Divisional Police Officers (DPOs), and
six (6) key Community leaders were purposively selected to cover community policing piloting divisions in
Benue and Lagos states for in-depth interviews. Six (6) Focus Group Discussions were conducted on the police
to find out their pre-training, training, and post-training experiences. Their training experiences were explored to
determine the relevance of the community policing training curriculum. Also the Officer in-charge of police
training and education in the Force Headquarters Abuja was interviewed. In addition, the officer in charge of
community policing was interviewed. In all a total of 600 respondents for the quantitative method, and 27
respondents for the qualitative methods were involved in this study.
3.4 Instruments of data collection
Questionnaire was used to collect the responses from the study population. The questionnaire was designed for the
police officers. The questionnaires reflected the study objectives and significance of study. Questionnaire was used
for objectives two and three.
In-depth interview schedule was used to collect data from the selected Police Personnel (DPOs and community
policing trainers) and the key Community leaders (religious leaders, family heads, land lords, youth leaders, and
women leaders), while focus group discussions was used only on the police who have undergone the community
policing training. Objectives one and four were explored with FGD and in-depth interview. The curriculum and
community policing training manual contents provided secondary sources of data. In addition, non-participant
observational method was used to observe police conducts during and after COP training in the selected study
areas.
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4.0 Discussion of the study findings
Table 1: Profile of the respondents
Variable Frequency Percentage
Age
18-23 years
24-29 years
30-35 years
40 – above years
60
198
126
204
10.2
33.7
21.4
34.7
Total 588 100.0
Sex
Male
female
382
206
65.0
35.0
Total 588 100.0
Marital Status
Single
Married/Cohabiting
Separated/Divorced
162
366
60
27.6
62.2
10.2
Total 588 100.0
Educational Attainment
Secondary school
Polytechnic
College of Education
University
306
126
36
120
52.0
21.4
6.2
20.4
Total 588 100.0
Ethnic group
Yoruba
Hausa
Igbo
Others
120
78
102
288
20.4
13.3
17.3
49.0
Total 588 100.0
Source: (field work, 2011)
From table1, above the age category of 40 years and above was 34.7% while that of 18-23 years was 10.2%. This
has implication on the sustainability of community policing style in the country. The bulk of the community
oriented policing activities take place at the bottom level of police hierarchy populated by youths. Though the
older officers present sufficient policing experience, however community oriented policing requires a different
training and operational approach to achieve its objectives. The age category of 24-29 has 33.7%. This
development needs to be encouraged through regular recruitment of youths into the police force. The future of the
police lies in the hands of these young officers who will implement community oriented style of policing after the
training. The young officers after training will rely on both their training and the experiences of the older officers
to manage crime problems in the community.
The table also showed that males dominated the community oriented policing training with 65% while females had
only 35% of the total sampled population. Community oriented policing is a policing strategy that emphasizes
more on service to the community rather than enforcement of rules through the use of force or physical strength.
Having a gender balanced trained officers in the community prepares the police to adequately reduce crime and
solve problems within the community. Police women equally interact with the public while performing their
duties, so having them trained too will minimize their negative contact with members of the community.
The marital status of the respondents revealed that 62.2% of the respondents were either married or cohabiting.
Policing as a challenging job sometimes makes the officers to have job related stress and psychological
breakdown, so having a spouse or partner to share in the daily occupational stress and societal challenges gives the
officers a relatively stable mind to perform better on their duties.
The table equally showed that policemen with secondary school qualification 52.0% constituted the highest level
of educational attainment among the respondents. This situation is poor considering the expectations of the public
from the police. The proper use of police discretion in preventing crime can be affected by the poor judgment of
poorly educated police officers. Also the community oriented policing training will be better comprehended and
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appreciated by police officers who have already been exposed to the rigors of academic pursuit in tertiary
institutions.
The ethnic origin of the respondents revealed that most of the respondents (49.0%) were not from the three major
ethnic groups in Nigeria. This reflected the federal nature of the composition of the Nigeria Police. Community
oriented policing training therefore prepared them to understand their community better and tap into the available
support and resources in their environment in effectively preventing crime in Nigeria.
4.1 Challenges encountered before and after training
Though the police claimed to relate better with the public after community policing training, there existed some
mutual lack of confidence and trust between the police and the public.
Table 4: Common Problems encountered before Training
Unfriendly Police Uncooperative Public Lack of trust from the
Public
No
Yes
73.8%
26.2%
79.9%
20.1%
34.2%
65.8%
Total 100% 100% 100.0
From table 12 above, 65.8% of the respondents said lack of trust from the public was the major problem they
encountered before community policing training. However, 73.8% encountered unfriendly police, while 79.9%
encountered uncooperative public before community policing training. This showed that both the police
themselves and members of the public constituted common problems in crime prevention and control to the police
respondents before their training. This unfriendly environment made it difficult for the police to gather intelligence
needed to prevent crime effectively
This position was corroborated by a police respondent who said:
Before this training if you refuse to collect “rogger” on road block, you will
not be part of that beat next time they call you the “bad type” after suffering
from the public you also suffer isolation from your police colleagues.
(FGD/Police Ikeja,2011)
This showed that even within the police, officers who have good intentions found it difficult to excel in their
duties. They were frustrated by the “bad eggs” and other deviant sub-culture within the system.
Table 5: Problems encountered now after training
Wrong posting Uncooperative police Lack of logistics Skeptical
Yes
No
93.7%
6.3%
73.8%
26.2%
79.9%
20.1%
34.2%
65.8%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Table 13 above showed that majority (93.7%) of the respondents encountered wrong posting after community
policing training. They complained that they were not posted were they will practice what they learnt. Also 79.9%
of the respondents complained about lack of logistics after training. The basic communication gadgets were not
provided by the government after training. On the other hand, 73.8% of the respondents said that their major
problem after training was uncooperative colleagues in police. They felt they know the work better than the
trainees, and insist on adopting old training style of coercion to solve any crime problem within the community. A
respondent said;
After training one expected the job to be interesting but that is not to be you
face your colleagues who feel they know more than you. You are posted to
anti-crime patrol unit where you drive around without any positive contact
with the public.
(Male IDI/Police Makurdi)
Another respondent argued that,
The training is good but the main challenge is how the police will cope with the
thinking that power and authority of the policeman is loosed through
community oriented policing
(FGD/police/Ikeja/2011)
This showed that it is not just enough to train the police in community oriented policing style, but the proper
posting of the trainees after training equally constitute a vital aspect of the entire process. Also the police need to
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be educated that community policing training did not make them softer, rather it united them with the people and
made their crime control efforts stronger. Even after training, the police should have a feedback structure or
mechanism to evaluate the conduct of their trainees after they left the training centres.
4.2 Police Attitudes and Operational Tactics after community Policing Training
The essence of community policing training is to prepare and empower police officers to relate better with
members of the community in crime prevention and control within the community. It is therefore expected that
both the attitude and operational tactics of the police will be affected positively by community policing training.
While there were some noticeable change in attitude and conduct of the police after training, many of them failed
to exhibit some of the traits they were taught in class while on duty in the street. Though the police claim to be
more friendly to the public after training, some of them did not display courtesy while handling the public. This
observation was confirmed by a police respondent who said:
When we go out on duty you will notice that most of us now willingly want to
put the training into practice while on duty, but some officers who are used to
the old system still harass and molest suspects and other citizens I believe with
time a lot of people will change after training
(Male IDI/police/Makurdi/2011)
Some members of the public equally claimed that the police in their area have not changed in the way they relate
with the people. A community leader in Ikeja said:
The policemen in our area have refused to change from their bad attitudes in
fact they have over stayed in this area. Some of them threaten innocent people
in the community with arrest and detention over simple issues. So one has to
be wise by avoiding them and their troubles by settling them any time you
have anything to do with them. (Male IDI/Public/Ikeja/2011)
The above quotation shows that not all the police officers were ready to reflect their training on their job while on
duty. This negative attitude made the people not to trust the police in their community. This uncooperative
attitude gave the criminals a conducive environment to operate without being reported and apprehended.
Members of the public equally desired to have a police that is well trained in conflict resolution within the
community and wants the government to create more awareness of community policing style among the people. A
community leader in Makurdi said that;
This police-public partnership through community policing is a good thing but
the police and government need to educate the masses about the benefits a lot
of people are not aware of it and are not ready to see the police as partners yet
(Male IDI/community leader makurdi/2011)
This means that there is still the need to sensitize the public through the mass media about this shift in policing
focus in Nigeria. This enlightenment of the masses will prepare the mind of the people to accept and work with the
police. When the police hear about community oriented policing in the media and from the police, they will be
eager to take part in its implementation in the society. With increased acceptance by the people community
oriented policing style will thrive. The best form of awareness will equally come when the people witness changes
from police conduct and operations within their community.
4.3 Theoretical Discussion of findings
The quality of contact the police have with members of the public could harm or facilitate crime prevention efforts
within the community. Where the police were perceived to be extortionists, brutal and corrupt, the “good”
members of the community will not feel safe to relate with them and contribute in crime control within the
community. This corrupt and unfriendly police will only benefit the bad guys who will operate without being
reported within the community. This gap according to Thompson, 2006 makes the entire community victims of
police and public poor relationship within the community. It is under such condition that corruption strives in the
country. When leaders know that they will be exposed if they engage in any corrupt act in their community they
will desist from such act. The partnership between the police and the public will make the community unsafe for
corruption.
Training every police recruit regardless of gender provides the needed social resource to implement community
oriented policing strategy in Nigeria. It also provides needed co operations and support from all segments of the
community despite the differences in age, religion, gender and socio-economic status in the community. The gap
will close on the criminals when crime is perceived by the public and police to be the responsibility of everybody
and not the exclusive duty of only a few people in the community.
8. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol.3, No.4, 2013
51
4.4 Recommendations
To have an effective and efficient police after community oriented policing training in Nigeria, the following
recommendations are made;
The police need to be adequately motivated to perform after training.
Crime must be seen as everybody’s business and not the responsibility of few police or men in the community.
Officers need to be posted to duties that will bring to bear the training experiences they possess.
Government need to support and promote community oriented policing style and create more enlightenment to
the public and monitor the police after training.
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