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Improving police-community-relations-through-community-policing
Police-community relations involve complicated interactions between police and various community groups to address crime and social issues. Improving these relations through community policing builds cooperation by having officers partner with residents on safety issues. This allows police to work more effectively and communities to feel safer. Factors like open communication, shared goals, and community involvement through programs like Neighborhood Watch are important for strengthening police-community relations.
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Improving police-community-relations-through-community-policing
- 1. POLICE COMMUNITYPOLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONSRELATIONS SPO2Lyrma Niaga CajegasSPO2 Lyrma Niaga Cajegas PCR PNCOPCR PNCO Iligan City Police OfficeIligan City Police Office
- 2. What is PoliceCommunityWhat is Police Community Relations?Relations? Police Community Relations arePolice Community Relations are complicated and constantly changingcomplicated and constantly changing interactions between representatives ofinteractions between representatives of police organization and an assortment ofpolice organization and an assortment of governmental agencies, public groups andgovernmental agencies, public groups and private individuals representing a wideprivate individuals representing a wide range of competing and often conflictingrange of competing and often conflicting interests.interests.
- 3. Improving Police-CommunityImproving Police-Community RelationsThrough CommunityRelations Through Community PolicingPolicing
- 4. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council66 Crime Prevention As a BridgeCrime Prevention As a Bridge Crime Prevention efforts reduce polarizationCrime Prevention efforts reduce polarization that sometimes exists between police andthat sometimes exists between police and citizens.citizens. Community Policing, Neighborhood Watch,Community Policing, Neighborhood Watch, programs build a bridge that enablesprograms build a bridge that enables residents and law enforcement toresidents and law enforcement to communicate, collaborate, and work togethercommunicate, collaborate, and work together to build safer, more caring communities.to build safer, more caring communities.
- 5. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council77 The Benefits of ImprovedThe Benefits of Improved Police-Community RelationsPolice-Community Relations Improved Relations Allow Police Officers toImproved Relations Allow Police Officers to Police more effectivelyPolice more effectively Find their jobs safer and easier to doFind their jobs safer and easier to do Face less litigation and gain longerFace less litigation and gain longer careerscareers Be treated with greater respectBe treated with greater respect Have better moraleHave better morale
- 6. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council88 The Benefits of Improved Police-The Benefits of Improved Police- Community RelationsCommunity Relations (continued)(continued) Improved Relations Allow Community Residents toImproved Relations Allow Community Residents to Have more trust and less fear of policeHave more trust and less fear of police Have a safer communityHave a safer community Have less tension and conflictHave less tension and conflict Gain greater cooperation from policeGain greater cooperation from police Gain increased safety for children and seniorsGain increased safety for children and seniors Gain quicker resolution to crimeGain quicker resolution to crime
- 7. 99 Benefits of GoodBenefitsof Good Police-Community RelationsPolice-Community Relations Greater CooperationGreater Cooperation Decreases in Crime & DelinquencyDecreases in Crime & Delinquency More Effective EnforcementMore Effective Enforcement Better CommunicationsBetter Communications Better Police RecruitmentBetter Police Recruitment More ResourcesMore Resources Higher SalariesHigher Salaries
- 8. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council1010 A Bit of HistoryA Bit of History Community PolicingCommunity Policing
- 9. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council1111 Sir Robert PeelSir Robert Peel Considered a “father” of law enforcementConsidered a “father” of law enforcement Are his principles ofAre his principles of policing stillpolicing still applicable today?applicable today? Absolutely!Absolutely!
- 10. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council1212 Sir Robert Peel’sSir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles of PolicingNine Principles of Policing 1. The basic mission of the police is to prevent1. The basic mission of the police is to prevent crime and disorder.crime and disorder. 2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of policedependent upon public approval of police actions.actions. 3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public.public. 4.4. The degree of cooperation of the public that canThe degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionally to thebe secured diminishes proportionally to the necessity of the use of force.necessity of the use of force.
- 11. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council1313 55.. Police seek and preserve public favor.Police seek and preserve public favor. 6. Police use physical force to the extent6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary.necessary. 7. Police at all times should maintain a7. Police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public.relationship with the public. 8. Police should always direct their actions8. Police should always direct their actions strictly toward their functions.strictly toward their functions. 9. The test of police efficiency is the absence9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder.of crime and disorder. Sir Robert Peel’sSir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles of PolicingNine Principles of Policing (continued)(continued)
- 12. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council1414 “Community policing is a philosophy that promotes and supports organizational strategies to address the causes of crime, to reduce the fear of crime and social disorder through problem-solving tactics and community-police partnerships.” Source: Community Oriented Policing Services Office Community PolicingCommunity Policing
- 13. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council1515 The Eight “P”s of Community Policing A PHILOSOPHY of full service, PERSONALIZED POLICING, where the same officer PATROLS and works in the same area on a PERMANENT basis, from a decentralized PLACE, working in PARTNERSHIP with citizens to identify and solve PROBLEMS
- 14. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council1616 Community PolicingCommunity Policing The community-policing philosophy rests onThe community-policing philosophy rests on the belief that law-abiding citizens in thethe belief that law-abiding citizens in the community have a responsibility tocommunity have a responsibility to participate in the police process. It also restsparticipate in the police process. It also rests on the belief that solutions to today’son the belief that solutions to today’s contemporary community problems demandcontemporary community problems demand freeing both community residents and lawfreeing both community residents and law enforcement to explore creative ways toenforcement to explore creative ways to address neighborhood concerns beyond aaddress neighborhood concerns beyond a narrow focus on individual crimes.narrow focus on individual crimes.
- 15. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council1717 The more the variousThe more the various groups sharegroups share common values,common values, beliefs, and goals, thebeliefs, and goals, the more likely it is thatmore likely it is that they will agree onthey will agree on common goals.common goals. Normative Sponsorship Theory Most people are ofMost people are of good will.good will. They will cooperate with others to facilitate the building of consensus.
- 16. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council2020 How Do PeopleHow Do People View the Police?View the Police?
- 17. 2121 Problem Aspects ofPolice-CommunityProblem Aspects of Police-Community Relations ProgramsRelations Programs Projecting a positive imageProjecting a positive image Irregular contact with citizensIrregular contact with citizens Isolated acceptance of PCR unitIsolated acceptance of PCR unit Limited influence and respect for officersLimited influence and respect for officers Focus on strained relations & crimeFocus on strained relations & crime preventionprevention
- 18. 2222 Problem Aspects ofPolice-CommunityProblem Aspects of Police-Community Relations Programs (cont)Relations Programs (cont) Advice on crime prevention from PCRAdvice on crime prevention from PCR onlyonly Police accountability by civilian reviewPolice accountability by civilian review boardsboards Chief reacts only to law enforcementChief reacts only to law enforcement concernsconcerns Officers focus on racial & ethnic tensionOfficers focus on racial & ethnic tension
- 19. 2323 Problem Aspects ofPolice-CommunityProblem Aspects of Police-Community Relations Programs (cont)Relations Programs (cont) Cordial relationship, but superficial trustCordial relationship, but superficial trust Intermittent contact with the publicIntermittent contact with the public Officer seldom seen “on the streets”Officer seldom seen “on the streets” Officer is viewed as an “outsider”Officer is viewed as an “outsider” Citizens do not get to know officersCitizens do not get to know officers Service providers stay in traditional rolesService providers stay in traditional roles Success by traditional measures—i.e., crime rates.Success by traditional measures—i.e., crime rates.
- 20. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council3030 Volunteers in Police ServiceVolunteers in Police Service Why they are neededWhy they are needed • Ease demands on law enforcementEase demands on law enforcement • Encourage a more informed citizenryEncourage a more informed citizenry • Provide an example to young peopleProvide an example to young people • Improve cooperation and understandingImprove cooperation and understanding between the police and their communitybetween the police and their community
- 21. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council3131 Considerations of CommunityConsiderations of Community InteractionInteraction How community volunteers can be usedHow community volunteers can be used within their communitywithin their community - Legal issuesLegal issues - Safety issuesSafety issues - Expertise issuesExpertise issues
- 22. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council3232 Community/Police Needs andCommunity/Police Needs and SupportSupport Filling needs with volunteersFilling needs with volunteers • Coordinating positionCoordinating position • Prerecruitment action requiredPrerecruitment action required • Possible volunteer positions (adapt to localPossible volunteer positions (adapt to local needs)needs)
- 23. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council3636 • Position descriptionPosition description • Time commitmentTime commitment • Defined programDefined program activitiesactivities • Direct supervisorDirect supervisor • Website access forWebsite access for personal record ofpersonal record of service/journalservice/journal What Does a Citizen Need ToWhat Does a Citizen Need To Know Before VolunteeringKnow Before Volunteering?? • How long shouldHow long should volunteers serve?volunteers serve? • Age criteriaAge criteria
- 24. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council4545 Six Factors NecessarySix Factors Necessary To ImproveTo Improve Police-Community RelationsPolice-Community Relations
- 25. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council4646 The Six FactorsThe Six Factors 1.1. MembershipMembership 2.2. EnvironmentEnvironment 3.3. Process and StructureProcess and Structure 4.4. CommunicationsCommunications 5.5. PurposePurpose 6.6. ResourcesResources
- 26. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council4747 MembershipMembership 1.1. Appropriate cross-section of membersAppropriate cross-section of members 2.2. Mutual respect, understanding, and trustMutual respect, understanding, and trust 3.3. Members see that collaboration is in theirMembers see that collaboration is in their best interest.best interest. 4.4. Members develop an ability toMembers develop an ability to compromise.compromise.
- 27. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council4848 EnvironmentEnvironment 1.1. Political and social climate are favorable.Political and social climate are favorable. 2.2. Collaborative group is viewed as aCollaborative group is viewed as a leader in the community.leader in the community. 3.3. There is a history or evidence ofThere is a history or evidence of collaboration or cooperation in thecollaboration or cooperation in the community.community.
- 28. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council4949 Process and StructureProcess and Structure 1.1. Members are invested in the processMembers are invested in the process as well as the outcome.as well as the outcome. 2.2. Clear roles and responsibilitiesClear roles and responsibilities 3.3. FlexibilityFlexibility 4.4. AdaptabilityAdaptability 5.5. Equal decision-making authority is heldEqual decision-making authority is held by each member regardless of rank,by each member regardless of rank, authority, or place in the hierarchy.authority, or place in the hierarchy.
- 29. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5050 CommunicationCommunication 1.1. Members learn to listen and allowMembers learn to listen and allow venting.venting. 2.2. There is open and frequentThere is open and frequent communication.communication. 3.3. Members disclose self interest at firstMembers disclose self interest at first meeting.meeting. 4.4. Members establish informal and formalMembers establish informal and formal means of communication.means of communication.
- 30. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5151 PurposePurpose 1.1. Concrete, attainable goals andConcrete, attainable goals and objectivesobjectives 2.2. Shared visionShared vision 3.3. Desired results and strategiesDesired results and strategies
- 31. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5252 ResourcesResources 1.1. A skilled and unbiased convener ofA skilled and unbiased convener of meetingsmeetings 2.2. Staff time and volunteer timeStaff time and volunteer time 3.3. Sufficient fundsSufficient funds
- 32. Crime in YourCrimein Your NeighborhoodNeighborhood AA lack of community involvementlack of community involvement may lead to some of the most seriousmay lead to some of the most serious and perplexing problems yourand perplexing problems your community faces.community faces.
- 33. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5454 Why Is Community InvolvementWhy Is Community Involvement Important?Important? When members of a community areWhen members of a community are involved with each other, they knowinvolved with each other, they know • Their neighborsTheir neighbors • The daily “goings-on” in the neighborhoodThe daily “goings-on” in the neighborhood • When something is wrongWhen something is wrong
- 34. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5555 One great way to perpetuateOne great way to perpetuate community involvement iscommunity involvement is through the Neighborhoodthrough the Neighborhood Watch program.Watch program.
- 35. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5656 What Is the Neighborhood WatchWhat Is the Neighborhood Watch Program?Program? Neighborhood Watch was established inNeighborhood Watch was established in 1970 and aimed in bringing residents1970 and aimed in bringing residents together to interact and become thetogether to interact and become the guardians for the police in theirguardians for the police in their community.community.
- 36. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5757 Neighborhood WatchNeighborhood Watch Crime prevention group organized around a block, defined neighborhood, or business district Serves as “eyes and ears” for law enforcement Helps establish or reclaim informal control of an area by observation, visibility, and increased social interaction Donates time and resources Usually has no formal budget or funding source Success results in reduction in crime and improved quality of life for neighborhood residents
- 37. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5858 The Benefits ofThe Benefits of Neighborhood WatchNeighborhood Watch Unites the community and increasesUnites the community and increases neighborhood cohesionneighborhood cohesion Reduces fear of crime in the communityReduces fear of crime in the community Improves crime reporting by citizensImproves crime reporting by citizens Increases surveillance in the communityIncreases surveillance in the community Prevents and reduces crimePrevents and reduces crime Enhances homeland securityEnhances homeland security
- 38. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council5959 The Benefits ofThe Benefits of Neighborhood WatchNeighborhood Watch (continued)(continued) Studies show that Neighborhood Watch isStudies show that Neighborhood Watch is effective becauseeffective because It unites neighbors around a common goal—safety andIt unites neighbors around a common goal—safety and security.security. It provides all members basic skills on preventing crimeIt provides all members basic skills on preventing crime and reporting suspicious activities or crimes.and reporting suspicious activities or crimes. It builds a base for correcting neighborhood problems.It builds a base for correcting neighborhood problems. It works well with other civic activities.It works well with other civic activities.
- 39. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council6262 How Can Citizens Be MoreHow Can Citizens Be More Aware?Aware? Be informedBe informed Be alertBe alert Be preparedBe prepared
- 40. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council6363 In ConclusionIn Conclusion Community policing is the responsibility ofCommunity policing is the responsibility of bothboth law enforcement and communitylaw enforcement and community members. Both have important roles inmembers. Both have important roles in community policing.community policing. There are many ways to involve theThere are many ways to involve the community in crime-reduction and problemcommunity in crime-reduction and problem solving, including community meetings andsolving, including community meetings and citizens’ police academies.citizens’ police academies. Police and local citizens are all members ofPolice and local citizens are all members of the community.the community.
- 41. National Crime PreventionCouncilNational Crime Prevention Council6464 QuestionsQuestions
- 42. 11 6565 HELP USFIGHT CRIMEHELP US FIGHT CRIME…… Police Station 1Police Station 1 911911 Police station 2Police station 2 165165 Police Station 3Police Station 3 168168 Police Station 4Police Station 4 162162 Police Station 5Police Station 5 166166 ICPSCICPSC 816816 ICPO Celphone Nr 09177127411ICPO Celphone Nr 09177127411
Editor's Notes
- #4 Introduce yourself to the participants. Describe your background in this area. Mention that the National Crime Prevention Council, in partnership with the Bureau of Justice Assistance, is the creator of this PowerPoint presentation. Refer participants to NCPC’s three websites: www.ncpc.org – main website www.bytecrime.org -- cybercrime website www.mcgruff.org -- website for children
- #6 Read and review each objective. Ask if there are any questions about the material that will be covered during the presentation. You may want to write a list of expectations for the training and then review this list at the end of the presentation to ensure that participants were satisfied. Or you may want to start a “parking lot” of questions or issues that may be addressed by the presentation. You can add to the list during the presentation and then review it at the end. You may want to refer participants with unanswered questions or requests to additional resources.
- #7 Emphasize the key role that crime prevention practitioners play in opening lines of communication between law enforcement and community residents. Ask participants to share examples of projects or events they have led that have resulted in better partnerships or collaboration between police officers and residents.
- #8 Bullet 1: When trust is established between law enforcement and the community, members of the community are often more forthcoming with helpful information and potential investigative leads. Calls for service may initially increase due to a more “open” line of communication. Bullet 2: Once again, this is based on trust and built rapport. Bullet 3: Officers are happier when more of their calls for service are positive. Emphasize that everyone wins when law enforcement are able to do their jobs more effectively. If members of law enforcement are present, ask them to add to the list provided on the slide. Invite one or two people to give examples of the benefits they have experienced.
- #9 Trainer Notes: Emphasize that the community residents have much to gain when they work side by side with law enforcement. There is better information exchanges and they gain a better understanding of law enforcement. For some communities or population groups, such as low-income or subsidized housing developments, this may be easier said than done, but strong partnerships can be built. If appropriate, refer to the NCPC publication, Law Enforcement, Race, and Reconciliation. This publication presents a successful case study of several counties in Washington state that made a commitment to improve police-community relations.
- #12 Sir Robert Peel was a citizen of England and received his education from Harrow and Oxford. He was eventually asked to be a Member of the British Parliament. It was during his term in Parliament that Peel acknowledged the rising crime statistics and sought to improve the methods of crime prevention. As a result, in 1829, he brought about the Metropolitan Police Act and the first disciplined police force in greater London. Before this, as Home Secretary in 1822, Peel introduced the Constabulary Act, and the Constabulary Police of Ireland was formed. Both of these police forces, the London Metropolitan Police and the Police Service of Northern Ireland, still exist today.
- #13 Number 3: The rest of the principle is “in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.”
- #14 Below is the completion of the principles on this slide. Bullet 5: “not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.” Bullet 6: “to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the expertise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be insufficient.” Bullet 7: “that gives reality to the historic tradition; the police are public and the public are the police. The police being the only full-time individuals charged with the duties that are incumbent on all of the citizens.” Bullet 8: “and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.” Bullet 9: “not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.”
- #15 A modern definition of community policing.
- #16 Not all law enforcement agencies are able to fully implement all eight “Ps” due to limitations in manpower, geography, or jurisdictional size.
- #17 Community policing is a proactive approach to preventing crime. It allows for law enforcement to Examine crime trends Analyze and work toward positive alternatives to community and neighborhood conditions Educate and involve communities in crime prevention strategies Create an atmosphere of zero tolerance toward crime and criminal activity Some examples of proactive policing are Helping the community start neighborhood and community watch programs Conducting security surveys for homes and communities Encouraging people to engrave their property Encouraging people to register equipment and maintain logs of all valuables Having high-quality locks and lighting on personal property and within communities
- #18 For example, the reason why we stop at stop signs has little to do with the law and more to do with creating a safe environment for ourselves and those we care about.
- #21 How did you feel (even as a police officer) when you were last contacted about a police matter, during a traffic stop, or a while conducting a neighborhood canvass?
- #25 This is more than a “dog and pony” show as some may view it. It is extremely important for healthy neighborhoods to have involved citizens and this is one mechanism for citizens to become involved—through the citizens’ police academy or through alumni associations. The more citizens are active in their communities, the more likely that community is to be a safe, healthy, and welcoming one.
- #27 It is important that Community stakeholders are identified and involved A working list of community resources is created Remember, crime prevention is everyone’s business.
- #32 Citizens assist in the community policing effort, but not by becoming additional police; they become proactive members in their communities, using their skills for the community’s benefit.
- #33 Once again, it is important to identify the resources and stakeholders with the community. This can help with community outreach as well.
- #35 Every community has different needs. These materials should be tailored to the needs of the community.
- #41 The goal of this model is to start from the bottom and to work your way up.
- #42 This is active listening or reflective listening—paraphrasing information back to the participant.
- #43 Use open-ended questions not closed-ended questions.
- #46 The model presented in the next slide outlines a strategy and general principles for convening stakeholders. Remind participants that all strategies must be tailored to local needs and conditions.
- #49 You must have your “homework” done before this can be fully addressed.
- #51 Number 1: Venting must be done “reasonably.” Number 2: Open and frequent communication is great but be careful that it doesn’t become overbearing to the point where people begin to tune the police out.
- #53 Sometimes (if not always) you may need to locate or seek out your funders.
- #56 There should be an understanding that Neighborhood Watch is not an answer to all neighborhood problems and won’t work in neighborhoods where there is no open communication or camaraderie among residents.
- #59 These are benefits of the Neighborhood Watch program. Communities that have severe crime problems or that have difficulty in creating a strong Neighborhood Watch program may not see these benefits as quickly as other, better organized communities. It is not uncommon for neighborhoods to see a rise in reported crime after starting a Neighborhood Watch program. As community members learn what to report and begin to survey the neighborhood more carefully, the number of crimes that are reported may rise even though the actual incidence of crime drops or stays the same. It is important to note this so that groups will not get discouraged.
- #60 Neighborhood Watch gives communities a common cause to work toward and this leads to identifying other common causes while it raises the levels of crime prevention skills and awareness.
- #61 Utility companies are important stakeholders also.
- #62 Explain to residents that homeland security is about prevention and awareness. All citizens should know how to secure their homes and garages. Citizens should be vigilant in watching for activity that may support terrorism. As citizens, we all share the responsibility for reporting and preventing terrorism in our communities. We can be alert and aware of those activities in our neighborhood that may have links to terrorist and criminal behavior. Remember, terrorism is a crime. Crime prevention addresses both simultaneously.
- #63 Awareness of local and world events helps increase safety. Bullet 1: Read the newspaper, listen to or watch local and national news reports, and attend community meetings. Bullet 2: Be familiar with your environment at home, school, work, church, and social events. Bullet 3: Have a prepared family plan for emergencies. Create a family first aid kit, attend crime prevention classes, and get involved with your local law enforcement and crime prevention associations.
- #65 Questions and Answers Allow time for anyone who has not already done so to present a specific challenge or project to improve police-community relations. If time permits, return to the list of objectives and items in the “parking lot.” Review each item and summarize the key points covered during the presentation relating to each item.