The document explores the evolving expectations and standards of policing in the United States from various eras, including the political, professional, and community policing phases. It discusses the impact of societal values, community engagement, and technological advancements on law enforcement practices, particularly in light of incidents such as Ferguson and the post-9/11 landscape. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of trust, accountability, and the cost of maintaining a safe environment in police-community relationships.

2. The citizen expects police officers to have
the wisdom of Solomon,
the courage of David,
the strength of Samson,
the patience of Job,
the leadership of Moses,
the kindness of the Good Samaritan,
the strategical training of Alexander,
the faith of Daniel,
the diplomacy of Lincoln,
the tolerance of the Carpenter of Nazareth, and finally,
an intimate knowledge of every branch
of the natural, biological, and social sciences.
If he had all these, he might be a good policeman!
(August Vollmer, cited in Bain, 1939).

3. What’s the difference – The
“Ferguson Effect” ?
“COPS OR CRIMINALS – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?”
(The Departed, 2006)

4. C – COURTESY:
P – PROFESSIONALISM:
R- RESPECT:

5. United States – History of
Policing
Cities versus Rural
Qualifications
The Southern Slaves Patrol
Multiculturalism – whose values/interests?
Power Corrupts

6. The Political Era – 1840s till
1920s – OR – 2015?
No standards:
* recruitment
* selection
* training
* equipment
Close contacts
Corruption

7. The Professional Era – 1930s
till 1970s – OR – 2015?
Standards (?)
Education/training (?)
Technology
Change in Deployment
Change in Philosophy (?)
Civil Rights and Progress

8. Pre-Community Policing Era (late 1970s-
early 1980s) and 2015 Intelligence, Data
Driven, Predictive Policing
Goldsteinand the Problem Oriented
Policing – from Reactive to Proactive
The SARA Model
Scanning
Analyzing
Responding
Assessing

9. The Community Policing Era
(1980s till 2015?)
Change in philosophy (?)
Change in orientation (?)
Change in recruitment/selection (?)
Change in training (?)
Change in deployment (?)
Change in Public’s Attitude (?)

10. The Community Policing Era
“WE” - can do it together
Ownership
Expectations
Commitment
Understanding
Trust
Accountability
Training

11. 2015 – the Ferguson Effect
The Predatory Era (?)
“Policing is hard on Democracy”
Policing “the Community”
Policing post 9/11
Policing post Ferguson

12. MISSION STATEMENT OF THE
NEW YORK CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
IS TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN OUR CITY BY WORKING IN
PARTNERSHIP WITH THE COMMUNITY AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
TO ENFORCE THE LAWS, PRESERVE THE PEACE, REDUCE FEAR, AND PROVIDE
FOR A SAFE ENVIRONMENT.

13. Community, Individual &
P/C Values
Genital Mutilation, Child Abandonment, Coining
UNIVERSAL VALUES
MY VALUES P/C VALUES

14. Enforcing The Law – Case
Studies: NYPD, Fayetteville, NC
CONSTITUTION, STATE LAWS, LOCAL ORDINANCES
RIGHT TO PURSUE HAPINESS FREEDOM OF SPEECH
Drug Use, Preferred Health Care… The Militia Movements, Radical Organizations…

15. How Do You Focus & Perform?
COMMUNITY VALUES
INDIVIDUAL VALUES LAW DRIVEN VALUES

16. THE PRICE
HUMAN LIFE AS A PRICE TO PAY – Focus on violations that cost lives, like
speeding and drunken driving
HOW EXPENSIVE IS IT TO REDUCE FEAR? – NYPD: Stop and Frisk

17. Cost of a Safe Environment
Who pays and at what cost?
Will you still respect me the morning after?
Will you still respect yourself the next morning?

18. Bridging the Divide or Falling from the
Bridge?
Back to the Past?
EXPERIMENTS – 1970S
The Kansas City Patrol
Neighborhood Food Patrol
ICAP; SARA
Team Policing
EXPERIMENTS – 2015
2014 – NYPD – Reengineering
NYPD – NCO
Coffee with a cop
Intelligence Led, Data/Evidence
Driven, Predictive Policing
IMPACT