city inclusive cites ethan

Inclusive cities network
Introduction
All the information gathered in relation to the profiles of cities, and
policies to deal with inclusive service was gathered from official
sources. The source will either be the most recent census, local
election results, UN reports and most recent Labour force survey. If
you require further statistics or clarification the city council website
links, should help give clarification. In addition in many cases their
was no precise finding for the city but the area in general. As these
cities are often the most populated area I feel the statistics for the
most part are representative.
For the section on inclusive services if I missed any policy
developments, which are not available online I would suggest again
contacting the cities legislator. All information and policies is what
was available to me online, and through other sources as of July
2013.

African cites
Johannesburg South Africa (Information often taken at provincial
level which is indicated in addition many problems facing the city
are handled at provincial level)
http://www.statssa.gov.za/qlfs/index.asp
http://www.gcro.ac.za/
Link to city council
http://www.joburg.org.za/
Basic Information
It’s the Provincial capital of Gauteng and has a land area of roughly
1,645 thousand km. The population is roughly 3.2 million. The
population under 30 is 22.55 %( based on 2011 local election
results). The population over the age of 60 is 10% (based on 2011
local election results). The population is made of migrants only 24%
or which, are from another country. The low figure of foreign
migrants suggests high influx of low income, rural often black
members of the population. This increase to a particular section of
the population can cause increased social tension with these new
members. In addition crime can also rise as they come without jobs
and look for other means.
Education in the area
The education system supports students for 13 years. The city
works with University of Johannesburg and the University of
Witwatersrand, for research of the city. They also work with inner
children to support social advancement.

Political set up
The city council operates with the structure of a main legislative
house and executive mayor, Mpho Parks Tau who works with a
mayoral council on policy. The African national congress is the
majority force in the cities house of 260 councillors. They receive
much of its funding from the Gauteng provincial council. The
mayoral committee is the cabinet and takes responsibility for the
38 services run by the council.
Economics (Provide information based on figures obtained from
Gauteng and figures from Johannesburg website)
Johannesburg is in the richest province in South Africa. It has a
main source of income from gold mines, transport, and service and
has become a financial hotspot. The city has an operating budget of
30bn rnd and a gross value added of 17%. It also has an average
income based on same study 71,590 Rnd.
(All following statistics taken from 2011 provincial reports as
shown on its website and Labour force survey)
As of 2011 73.1% of population where employed. Of those 894,000
of which are employed in the trade sector the second largest sector
of 805,000 is in the community and local government services. The
city has an unemployment rate of 27.9%.
Issues facing the city
Data
The percentage of household without pied water is at 6.8% and
percentage of cities without electricity access 7.9%. In the
population only 20% of the population have higher than secondary

education. In addition public transport continues to be a problem,
as they struggle to get an economically sound system.
Many of its internal communities continue to face many issues.
Over 40% of the population from all back round’s (black white
coloured) believe blacks and white will never really trust each
other. 10.8% of population asked to pay a bribe to a public official.
Informal housing eg shanties at 19.3% continues to be major
problem for inner city communities. The city due to it’s area
continues to face problems related to discrimination for some
services of women. They struggle in the employment market and
face sexual abuse and harassment. This problem is much to do with
a lack of education to men about why abuse should be considered
bad.
Inclusive Services
Development strategy
Current strategy
Many of the strategies are based around increasing knowledge of
services available.
The city has got involved with non profit organisation in order to
promote healthy lifestyle, for all of its citizens. They’re doing it by
giving out door fitness classes. For drug services they have actively
promoted its citizens to get tested for HIV. They have very publicly
accepted that HIV is an issue they need to be dealt with. Recently
the city council has promised in order to promote a healthy
lifestyle.
The city is planning to take a more aggressive stance against the
promotion of alcohol. The city council has also made promises in its
development 2040 plan, to restrict the zoning area for alcohol

sales. Both of those have been done with the aim of reducing the
ease and acceptability of alcohol in society. Drugs are also accepted
as being a key problem for the city. The issue is currently being
dealt with by working, with local NGO’s to get leadership on
establishing drug rehabilitation clinics.
For the young people in the population the city council, has taken a
view to improve different parts of young people’s lives often from
poor back rounds. This has been done in the hope it can allow,
underprivileged child to improve their lives and aim to great
heights, through the youth development strategy. A youth
employment strategy has been run from provincial level for a
number of years. They offer children bursaries to help student get
into higher levels of education. They have also run a Soweto career
expo, in order to the child’s to get the best start in the working
world. The city has also put in an early childhood development
system, to support all children allowing them to get the best start
to life. The city created a youth council in order, to get young
people more involved in politics. In the hope of getting them to
understand it’s complexity.
The city has introduced a revenue shared service centres to assist
housing payment issues. This has been done to try and keep as
many people as possible in their houses, in the current economic
climate.
The city has taken an aggressive policy towards working with all the
issues related to inner cities. The inner cities regeneration
programme started in 2006; this has gone along with a push to
create more inner city employment, often in the productive
section. The city has pushed to get a reduction of 42% of urban
poor with food insecurity with food resilience programmes,

creating inner city food growing areas. This has been done with the
aim to reduce the internal poverty people in the city face. The city
also wants to work to get mixed income housing areas, as they take
seriously the issue to improve social cohesion. The city has also
taken steps to deal with the issue of poverty in the inner city. Plans
have been made in 2040 development plan, to push for even
economic spread.
The city faces a serious crime threat as 350 people per 100000
suffering crime. That goes along with the fact less than 50% of
people feel safe, in their area. In order to counter act that they
have introduced community policing forums, and inner city policing
to cover the full day 24 hours. This allows business to feel safe to
operate at latter hours.
The city in 2007 launched its women development strategy mainly
focused on improving women’s socio-economic opportunities. The
main plan is to short term advance public work employment
opportunity, to help improve skills of women. But long term gets
them into private sector employment. For the issue of women
violence the city has introduced initiatives, to create a clear
violence response for women. The city supports the national
governments 16 days of activism projects against domestic
violence. During that time there is a number events to educate
both men and women about domestic abuse. The city also has a
number of women’s health initiatives, many focusing on giving
more access to HIV/AIDS treatment which is a huge problem for the
city.
Women’s Development strategy (This gives a detailed explanation
of the particulars of the individual policy ideas. I have only really
presented an overview.)

For senior citizens the city in 2008 passed a plan which is
incorporated with in its comprehensive social package. The city has
an advisory office especially for seniors; they also run social
networking opportunities for them as well. It also runs 3 large day
care centres.
The city for it’s population with a disability to city runs programmes
aimed at supporting people with in their communities, at work or
at school. It also runs programmes for them to help improve their
employability skills level. That along with other things.
Durban, South Africa
City council website
State of the city report
(All statistics gathered from quality of life survey by city council and
Labour force survey gathered in 2011 by South Africa statistics)
Basic Information
The city is the biggest city in the Kwazulu-Natal province; it is the
main part of the eThekwini municipality. The city/ surrounding
areas is 2300 km^2 and has a population of over 3.5 million. The
main ethnic group is black Africans, and the main religion is
Christianity. Just under 50% of the population is under 30 years old.
Many of the population work in a wide range of industries, focused
around the trade area of the port. Largest employers are the trade
and service sector employing 528,000, and then manufacturing at
419,000. It has had a long issue with crime will only 31% of the
population feeling, fairly safe at night to walk around.

Durban university of technology, University of KwaZulu-Natal and
the Mangosuthu University of Technology are all located in Durban
area. They work with local government on research projects; this is
done in the hope of getting, a better picture of how to improve the
city from academic perspective. Only 11% of the population had
tertiary education levels.
Political set up
The city is run as part of the eThekwini municipality. It has 200
elected councillors. The main policy decisions are handled by an
executive committee of 9 members. They present reports to the full
council. The full house elects a mayor, deputy mayor and speaker.
The city council is run by 8 separate clusters of government who all
take responsibility for their own areas of service.
Economics
Much of the private sector income is generated from around the
port area. The city council runs an operating budget of 23.4bn rnd.
It currently has an unemployment rate of 20.5% just under, the
national average. Average household income is at 46,214rnd. They
in the past year had a gross value added of 176.1bn RND. They have
a focus on fast tracking projects that promise the creation of jobs.
Its crime rate is still extremely high and as mentioned above many
of its citizens feel unsafe walking around at night. In addition the
problem of shelter towns, which 20% of the population occupy, is a
huge issue. Unemployment as well is something that needs to be
tackled which is at 20.5%.
Inclusive service

Development strategy
The city appears to run most of the services such as water and
power supplies. In order to increase participation in healthy
lifestyles, the city offers free access to its parks and sport services.
For example 48% of the population have access to a sporting
facility. 86% of the population have access/use to electricity. For
the youth of the population they offer a Varity of support
organisation based at a local level. The services focus on
entrepreneurial, organisational development and outreach to local
communities through local youth forums skill. The city offers job
centres to try to make inroads to its high unemployment level. The
city has engaged in a public campaign to fight the issue of drug
abuse, within its communities. There is however no clear defined
city funded strategy.
For the inner city and other under developed areas, there is a focus
through the Neighbourhood development partnership grant to
improve those areas. A case study as of 2010 was the Mpumalanga
town ship and Cornubia area, the city hope the success of these
projects will allow them to take the model to other areas. These
areas are designed to create formal housing as well as business
opportunities.
To deal with the issue of poverty the city council have introduced a
poverty alleviation strategy. Through cooperatives they offer
cleaning employment as well as offering food security, through it’s
14 soup kitchens.
For its senior citizens the city has a senior citizens parliament which
is designed to raise issues that the council needs to work on. This
has been done in the hope the city will be able to react to issues
that are faced, by the senior themselves.

The city through its social development strategy aims to offer
support to women. The city runs a woman empowerment
conference with the aim of promoting women in business, and
getting them involved with women in high business positions. In
addition the municipality runs a gender equality programme aimed
at educating both men and women about why the sexes should be
viewed as equal.
Freetown, Sierra Leone (All statistics taken from census)
http://www.statistics.sl/
(No website for city council)
Basic Information
The population is roughly 772,873 and is over 13km^2. 2.8% is over
the age of 65. 42.5% of the population is between the ages 15-49
no precise information on population level under 30. The largest
faith is Sunni, Shea and Ahmadis Muslims. The largest ethnic group
is black Africans.
Education in the city runs as nationally for 9 years. Only 67.7% of
the population are literate.
Political set up
The city operates as a local council. Most of the major services are
handled at a national level police, power supplies etc. It handles
things such as leisure, environment and water supplies. The current
mayor is Sam Franklin Gibson of the all people congress.
Economics

The largest sector of employment is trade and services at 54.1%.
This figure goes in line with the fact of the population in general
53.1% is self employed. This clear shows how a self employed
industry would have the highest share of the work force. It does
have an unemployment rate of 11%. This is however more to do
with the fact of the high level of rural population, coming to
Freetown in the hope of finding employment which isn’t their. That
increase in population, could suggest why the unemployment level
is above national average.
For education 16.6% children of school age are not in education,
which is due to the issue of families needing children to support
them. Also the proportion of women involved in the work force is
lower than the national average. Still 50.7% of the population have
wood as their main source of power. Crime is a really big problem
in the city, with the police considered to be inadequate. Plus the
high level of rural population coming to the town, without jobs
leaves them with little else to do.
Inclusive services
The city is supported by a number of NGO’s operating in the area
who if contacted would be able to provide information on their
actions
Links to NGO organisations in the area
http://slango.org/default.asp?iId=GDIILG
http://www.hurrarc.org/

As the city council has no website it was difficult to discover any
strategy for dealing with the issues sectioned below. In addition a
new administration was sworn in at the end of the year and may
still be working on strategies.
In leisure Services a plan to renovate Victoria Park is being
considered. For issues such as drugs, youth, shelters,
unemployment, care services and women there are no clear
strategy outlined yet.
For the inner city areas push made by city official to remove
unlicensed street sellers from the roads. Enhancement and
renovation of Victoria park to allow for more socio economic
opportunities. For the issue of how to deal with poverty the council
is being told to push to create more employment opportunities.

America’s cities
Edmonton, Canada (All information gathered from towns website
and study conducted in 2006 on issues related to social cohesion)
Link to city
Edmonton
State of the city
Basic Information
It is the provincial capital of Alberta and houses the Alberta
provincial legislative house. It is roughly 9,417km^2. The
population as of the last record internal census was 817,498. Of
that population 32% are under the age of 30 with 16% being over
the age of 60. The city has a wide range of employment areas from
retail trade to the engineering and chemical sectors. The city offers
a wide range of recreational centres and other activities. A recent
internal survey said that 73% of its population was satisfied, with
the community services offered. The city is currently performing
better than the national average in many economic measurements.
This probably explains the fact it has more immigration
international, than Canada it’s self. The city attracts foreign skills
with its lifestyle and pro business conditions.
Education is mandatory and runs from kinder garden to grade
12.The city is home to 16 institutes of higher learning including, the
University of Alberta. A recent survey (2006) showed that only 22%
of its adult population had an education below high school level.
Political set up

The city is represented by at the Alberta state legislator by 20
members representing the greater Edmonton area. The city council
it’s self is run by a mayor who is currently Stephen Mandel, who is
directly elected along with 12 other city councillors. The city
handles much of its economic planning and incorporates taxes
added, at the provincial level.
Economics
The city is currently growing faster than the Canadian national
average. It does this by having a wide range of sectors working in
the area. The largest being retail which as of 2006 employed
111,110 members of the population. It also invests in oil
production. By having such as wide range of business/ job
opportunities it, drives down its unemployment rate to only 4.5%
again below the national average. A well performing economy
means its interest rate is at 0.4%, which is a great condition for
continued private sector capital investment.
There are some concerns about possible crime issues as it in 2012
was ranked as Canada’s, 19th
most dangerous city. Long term the
stability of the economy, which is based on consumer spending to
some what, can be volatile. Apart from that service and other areas
of city governance is considered by its people to be going well.
Affordable housing is not seen as an issue by city council, as prices
have kept low and are not expected to correct to national average.
They however as off 2006 suffers from a high level of aboriginal
unemployment at 10% with 40% in a low income back round. This
suggests the city may need a more robust strategy, to reach out to
the minority communities. In addition it has only 2-3% of its
household in social housing, creating a shortfall in comparison to

waiting lists. (Study conducted in 2006 on Canada’s failing social
welfare so figure may have changed)
Inclusive services
Development and current strategic strategies
The city as recent quality of life service suggests (available on the
council website) offers extremely high level of services to the
public. In addition the city also strives for clean environment which
is why; it has 90% avoidance from landfill level. The city also
continues to upgrade it’s it drain and sewers system, to keep waste
management as efficient as possible. The city has number of long
term development strategies to cover all areas from transport, to
the environment. All its development strategies are on a 10 year
plan with aim probably to renew in the future. The city also takes a
led from the work being done at provincial level, and works with a
lot of its strategies.
The Edmonton community drug strategy is designed as to get a high
level of input at local level. This is done in the hope it will allow the
areas to get more personalised support for its people. The city
provides a number of tolerant shelters to support those with drug,
and mental health issues. It gathered a lot of its information by
doing surveys with the target population to get the best idea of
what’s working and what’s missing. There is a main focus on harm
reduction than removing drugs completely from society. That is
seen as a more realistic approach to the problem.
The city has launched a range of investment programmes to inner
city areas, through the capital cities downtown plan. It’s invested
into areas such as Boyle street renaissance and quarters
downtown.

The city through the family and community support service
department invests in a number of local NGO organisations to
handle, thing such as youth out reach and community integration.
The city currently supports 93 programmes at a cost of just over 12
million Canadian dollars. The city identities programmes for
investment by using recent demographic information.
The city does not appear to have a clear holistic strategy towards
dealing with issues relating to women. It does however have a
number of projects which works to support them economic and
personally. Economically the city runs women gathering to get
them together to discuss how they believe they can be helped. It
does this through schemes like mentoring and also developing a
women’s advisory committee to send recommendations to the
council. In 2013 it was finalised as council advisory committee. The
city runs three drop in centres for women who are suffering abuse.
The city offers a number of support mechanisms for its elderly
population, who have been abused by the population. For example
there are dedicated phone lines and drop in centres. It also has an
elder abuse intervention team run by the police force. In addition
to that the city in order to keep senior citizens active allows for
them to be employed by the council and for that not to effect their
pension payments.
The city currently has a ten year plan to end homeless in the
Edmonton area. It’s being implemented by the Edmonton homeless
commission which works as part of the city council. The cities basic
structure is that instead of increasing emergency
shelters/accommodation is to increase the level of permanent
housing people can move into. Once they’re into those homes then

offer them support for what ever other areas they need assistance
on.
Homelessness plan (This provides a more detailed picture of their
plan0
Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Information taken from last
published census in 2000)
http://cityofportofspain.gov.tt/
http://cso.gov.tt/
Basic Information
The city is the capital of Trinidad and Tobago, it is 12 sq km wide.
The population is at 49,031 of that population the medium age is
31.9 suggesting a predominantly youth population of working age.
It does however have a high dependency rate lowering the possible
overall working population. The largest ethnic group is Black
Africans; the largest faith is Roman Christians.
There is the University of the West Indies in the capital. The
education system run from 5 to 16 and is compulsory for students.
However as off the census 44.2% of the population had no form of
qualification. This with an improving system suggests the
percentage when the 2011 census results are released will be much
lower.
Political set up

The city council known as cooperation runs and takes care of 15
main services. These range from police to sanitation etc. The city is
run by an elected mayor and 6 other ward councillors. The current
mayor is Lee Sing.
Economics
With in the city the highest sector of employment is in the service
sectors at 80.6%. It had an unemployment rate of 12.6%. This
shows how tourism is seen as the key industry.
There is a high level of crime rate from the tourism areas. In
addition create more diversity in the employment sector create
more business/ places for employment.
Inclusive services
NGO's
The city’s website appear to still be under development so at some
point may outline what the strategies are for inclusive services.
Many services are run in coordination with central government, or
no strategy has been put forward to be viewed on the internet.
Unemployment Services are not clearly explained. Neither are drug
and youth Services. Plans have been put forward by some
councillors to create fitness centres in areas for leisure.
Inner city is a major area of policy for the council. The city
engineering department is responsible for the running and keeping
up of building in the city. They are working to improve the basic
infrastructure capacities eg the road qualities in central Port of
Spain. Working to remove the homeless and put more funding into
shelters. This goes along with care facilities. The high dependency

rate does suggest that it is a problem they need to deal, in order to
give its working population as much time as possible.
Surrey, Vancouver, Canada (All data gathered from census in 2006
and progress reports available on city council website)
http://www.surrey.ca/default.aspx
Basic Information
The city is has a population 492,160 (as of 2012) and is in the
province of British Colombia. It is in the municipality of metro
Vancouver. Of the 402,150 40.4% of the population is under 30,
with 16.7% over the age of 65. The city core employment continues
to be sales and retail. The largest ethnic group is white Canadian,
with the largest religion being Roman Catholicism. The city has a
low immigration rate last recorded at 27%.
The same system as one operated in Edmonton with education
running for 12 years. The student then chooses whether they want
to continue in the education system. The city houses a verity of
higher education choices ranging from poly techniques, to the
Simon Frasier University. Only 15% of its population when last
measured had no form of diploma or degree.
Political set up
The city is run by 8 councillors and a mayor. They are responsible
for major policy issues related to the city. They work in contact
with policies handled by the British Colombia provincial legislator.

Economics
The largest employer in the area is sales related work which is 25%
of work force. The city currently has an unemployment rate of
5.7%. It total revenue was $702 million in 2012 and has increased
its budget surplus since last year.
The city has a few main issues that it’s trying to address. The first of
those is the issue it’s face, with promoting minorities into the main
stream economy. As of 2006 9% of the aboriginal population was
unemployed with nearly 40% in low income household, that’s far
higher than the average rate. They also have an issue of under
supplying enough childcare with only 12% of children having access
to childcare.
Inclusive services
Strategic plans and initiatives
Crime reduction strategy
The city offers a range of services and has a wide range of projects
which it hopes will work to improve its inclusive services. Many of
the services projects it offers are done in conjunction with the
legislative assembly of British Colombia. It is also worth pointing
out many of its services are done by trained volunteers making
them economically viable. Its crime prevention strategy does a far
more detailed job of outlining each individual strategy that they
run for inclusive services, than is in this document.

The city has put forward/is working on a plan which will introduce
leisure access pass, to give low income members of society a
chance to stay active at a reduced rate.
The city offers a range of youth service from sports recreation
support and free festivals, to mentoring with people at the city
council. For more disadvantaged youth the city offers youth out
reach programmes to children of recent foreign immigrants. Many
of the programmes allow for the children and in some cases the
parent’s with the children, to learn about Canadian thing such as
sports. This helps them to feel integrated into the society as they
learn about Canadian interest. Mentoring is offered for children of
all ages and back rounds.
The city also runs a number of child first projects focusing on
finding out what needs to be done to get the best service for all.
They run particular service for children age 6 to 12 in order they get
tailored support for needs related to the time of the issue. They
currently have a childhood and youth friendly city programme in
effect. The city currently runs 12 different mentoring programmes
focusing on immigration integration to promoting young leaders.
The full details of the strategies are available page 21-28 of the
crime prevention strategy.
The city supports and funds a number of initiatives and houses for
those suffering from drug abuse issues. It also makes sure that
every ethnicity is represented in its counselling team so every client
can get the most personal service. The city also offers open clinics
to give service, and support to people that volunteers themselves
for treatment of alcohol and other drugs.
The city has supported a building called the phoenix support
centre. This offers a variety of support services for the metal ill to

those needing drug support service to unemployment and older
citizens.
The city in conjunction with other partners launched the THIS
project designed at reducing the causes of poverty. The project
suggests 4 main goals to end poverty in Surrey. Offer more
affordable public transport so low income families, don’t feel they
have to spend money on cars. Through the Surrey homeless and
housing foundation launched in 2007, there is a continued push to
get more socially affordable housing. They hope that will give low
income families the support they need to not fall into the poverty
trap. They also offer grants to non profit organisations that can
show, a successful strategy of reducing homeless levels. They also
offer a Surrey rent bank to offer short term state backed support
for families endanger of becoming homeless. The city also runs
dedicated homeless shelters for women. It is worth nothing that
the city as stated in the crime reduction strategy, has a process
called memorandum of understanding with British Colombia
housing projects allowing them to build affordable accommodation
free of tax charges.
The city offers services for food security for low income families.
The city deals with the issue of unemployment for the disabled
through the Surrey association for community living. It’s an
organisation that runs in partnership with city council and offers a
number of projects for all areas not just unemployment. But for
unemployment they offer one to one skills and employment and
training. After the training phase they then in partnership with
business present the candidate to the business to fill a vacancy.
For overall issue of unemployment there doesn’t appear to be a
clear strategy to deal with unemployment. The city does run

services for the unemployed such as unemployment insurance, and
events to improve skills. The city has 7 employment resource
centres. They all offer skills training a business links for
unemployed. The city for it’s aboriginal community also offers a
centre for them to go to, if they don’t want to be apart of the other
centres.
Belize City, Belize
http://belizecitycouncil.org/city-council
Basic Information
(All figures taken from 2000 national census 2010 census and
Labour force survey. The 2010 statistics available were however
limited.)
Statistics institute of Belize
The population of Belize City, which is the capital city of Belize, has
a population 53,532. Of those 57% of the population is under the
age of 30(2000 census). Only 5% of the population is over the age of
65, this suggests they have a young population prime for economic
opportunities. Of the population the largest ethnicity is Creole at
34.6% of the population (2012 Labour force survey), the largest
faith in the city is Roman Catholic. The city as of 2000 census had a
total of 7,468 migrants from a foreign origin however most migrant
continue to come from the under developed rural areas around the
island. The largest denomination is Roman Catholic. The city does

face a problem that as off the 2012 Labour forces survey 16.8% of
the population had no form of education.
Political set up
Belize is a city council with an elected mayor Darrel Bradley elected
in 2012. He works with 11 other city councillor to deliver services to
the people. The main areas the cover are sanitation, crime
prevention and economic investment. Most main policy areas are
handled at central government.
Economics
Belize City has at 52% employment rate suggesting high level of
employment, mainly tourism at 12% and government service at
16%. Average income is 7200-8639 BZD. Its current unemployment
rate is 15.2% (2012 Labour force survey).
The city continues to suffer from high crime rates, which would
suggest a high level of young men unemployed. The city leader
recently had to secure a gang truce in the hope of decreasing, the
murder rate. They also face issues on the environment due to its
rapid expansion, of inner city area. The city (as of 2012) had a youth
unemployment rate 14-34 of 43.7% which is a huge issue.
Inclusive services
Most of the key services considered to be inclusive are handled by
central government. In addition it’s is worth noting many NGO’s
operate in the area.
Link to NGO'S operating in Belize

It has no clear defined policy on leisure services in the city, in
addition there is no set out policy to counter act any alcohol/drug
abuse issues, shelter/ housing, unemployment support, care
facilities for the disabled and elderly and the poor. They only as off
2000 only began taking information on the levels of disabled in
cities. This may be because it’s handled at a national level or more
likely due to the cities limited budget, they don’t have the resource
to come up with policies. National government does it should be
stated have exclusive control of many services considered
“inclusive”.
For the youth of the population they run out of school summer
camps, to keep the young active and out of crime. There was also
the renovation of the battlefields park in the city, to give people
somewhere to go. There are clear policies to deal with the inner
city issues such as crime and social derogation. The council sends
out road improvements teams to improve the population ability to
transport around town. They also incorporated bike ranks to
promote the use of none vehicle based transport, cut down on
traffic and improve the environment. They have planned to put
surveillance camera in as many areas as possible in the hope of
reducing crime. They as I mentioned above negotiated a gang truce
in 2011, to help improve the population’s ability to feel safe.
Australasian cities
Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Census findings

http://ncdc1.pngclients.com/index.html
Basic Information
The city is roughly 256 sq km. The population of the city is 254,158
(as of 2009) it’s estimated in 2011 put it’s at 600,000. Just over 1%
of the population is over 65 (information from the electoral role).
There are no precise figures for the population under the age of 30.
It has constantly been ranked as one of the worst places to live of
the plant (The economist intelligence unit city ranking). Suggesting
it has high level of poverty and poor level of health care. It has an
average life expectancy of only 59.
University of Papua New Guinea is located on the island one of six,
on the island. Their system runs for 12 years.
Political set up
The city is managed by a National capital district commission.
Governor of National Capital district Commission appoints 36
councillors to mange local level government. Supplies all major
service to people apart from water supply and sewage systems
Economics
There are no precise figures available for level of unemployment in
the city, from what I could research. The main industry of the city is
tourism and informal agriculture with high levels of street trade.
The GDP per capita (at a national level no precise figures known) is
2,600 dollars (according to
http://www.getamap.net/about/papua_new_guinea/economy.ht
ml ).

(All service are funded by Australian and EU development aid, all
information from global report on human settlements 2007 sent to
the UN council of Human development)
Link to known NGO’S which operate in/ around the city
NGO'S
The city faces high crime rates; in addition many of its public
servants are seen as inadequate. For example their police services
are seen as unprofessional. The prison system is not seen as a valid
rehabilitation system, but more like a teaching school for prisoners.
The city also faces drug and domestic violence problem.
Inclusive Services
There are many areas where the city council has no clear
demonstrated policy. Leisure, drug, youth, homeless,
unemployment and care services appear to have no clear policy
guidelines. Many key areas are handled at central government
level. For services for the unemployment in 2011 there was push to
enhance the informal sector of the economy, to create more job
opportunities. For the inner cities they in 2011 opened urban safety
offices, with the aim of coordinating law enforcement effort in the
city. There has also been a push to get squatter communities and
lower income communities, more involved in developmental
programmes.
European Cities
Birmingham, United Kingdom (All figures based on 2011 census and
realised city plans)
http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/

Census figures
Basic Information
Birmingham is the second largest city in the United Kingdom with a
population of 1.073 million. Of that 1.073 million 45.6% are under
the age of 30 with 12.9% being over the age of 65. It has a
geographical size 267.8km^2. The city has in the past been seen as
the industrial heartland of the United Kingdom, but in recent years
those jobs have gone. Those employment opportunities have been
replaced by growth in the retail sector. The largest ethnic group in
the city is white British at 53.1%, this number shows how
Birmingham is still seen as the one of the main immigration areas in
the UK. The city has an average life expectancy of 76.8
The education system is handled by the city councils department
for education. The system runs from the age of 5 to the age of 16.
The city council does a variety of partnership work with the 6 high
level universities in the area, on partnership projects. These range
from out reach to disadvantaged youth, to working on schemes for
council planning.
Political set up
The city is run by the leader of which ever party has the most
number of members out of the 140 available. That leader will then
appoint a cabinet who all have responsibility for various areas of
city services. The cabinet members work with the related civil
servants. Birmingham city council is the largest council in Europe so
has a large civil administration. They also have independent control
of much of its own budget.

Economics
The city currently has a gross value added of 7.3% which is on the
decline. It currently has an unemployment rate of 14.3% of those
employed, the service sector employees the most people at 15.7%.
The manufacturing sector with brands like jaguar land rover
continues to be a presence in the city. The city currently has a gross
household disposable income of £12,566.
There are some key issues that is accepted by the city. In recent
years the city has publicly stated that Birmingham people don’t feel
like their quality of life has improved. In addition to that the city
continues to struggle from the fact the city is very uneven in terms
of prosperity for all. There are major differences in measures such
as life expectancy and unemployment levels between some areas.
Which is why it’s ranked as one of the most deprived cities in the
country behind Liverpool and Manchester .Crime rates in the city
have stayed relatively stagnate and as a result should not be seen
as a major problem. Birmingham has one of the lowest crime rates
of the 8 biggest cities in England.
Inclusive services
Link to current development and long term strategies
The city offers a wide range of inclusive service which however due
to forced budget cuts, may have to be rolled back in the coming
years.
The city runs a wide range of its services through NGO groups who
specialise in those particular areas.

The city has made drives to help reduce the issue of poverty and
low income families. It has pushed and promoted the business
community, to introduce a living wage for all people. The city also
offers a wide range of support networks for people who are in need
of economic help. This network is only advice.
The city runs a number of schemes to support healthy lifestyles for
its citizens. The b active designed to give people access to leisure
activates for free in their local area, at non peak times. In addition
to that the B active plus scheme also promotes and offers
free/discounted access to sport facilities, for people suffering
disease where exercise is seen as part of the treatment.
The city through a youth hub offer a number of different supports
invites for young people ranging from education, to support with
alcohol and drug abuse along with other things.
Through the Birmingham municipal housing trust aims to offer
affordable new housing to people. They’re doing it in order to deal
with the rate of population in comparison to available housing.
2,000 where built last year alone. The city also offer support for
people about to be made homeless, or could be made homeless in
the future. This is done through its housing advice centres. They
offer advice and in some cases shelter although some shelter are
run by NGO’s.
For the issue of crime the city continues to operate community
based organisation. These organisations work with local police
forces to get more representative support for issues faced by that
community. The city runs an anti social behavioural strategy with
the aim of early intervention, which helps to reduce crime rates.

For it’s women strategy it has clear plans for issues related to
domestic abuse, and has recent included in it’s plans provisions to
deal with forced marriages.

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