1. Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease that infects over 100 million people in Latin America. It can be transmitted through vector bites, blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to child.
2. Screening of donors from endemic areas and monitoring of transplant recipients is important to prevent transmission through organ donation. Serological tests and PCR can detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
3. Transmission of Chagas disease through organ transplantation is possible but can be prevented through screening, treatment of infected donors, and monitoring of recipients. Outcomes of transplantation from infected donors have generally been good when treatment of transmitted infections is provided.
The research interest of the investigator has focused on the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of sepsis. In particular, he has worked on soluble proteins involved in the innate recognition of bacteria such as soluble CD14 and MD-2, as well as in the Toll-like receptors activated by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Another area of study is the molecular pathogenesis and cell signaling of ventilator-induced lung injury, and lung inflammation in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome. He has also identified and tested biomarkers in the field of clinical sepsis.
Watch the presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyWN7JlhlmI&
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Management in HIV.2016hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, Laura H. Bachmann, MD, MPH, reviews important management issues to consider when treating common sexually transmitted diseases in patients coinfected with HIV.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.00 MB
Date posted: 6/6/2016
Sepsis biomarkers an update by Dr Puneet JainPuneet Jain
sepsis biomarkers play a crucial role in decision making and management of sepsis cases. these biomarkers can be diagnostic, prognostic or theranostic. CRP and Procalcitonin are most widely used and studied biomarkers.
A brief overview of the potential for biomarkers to impact on sepsis diagnosis and management, looking at recent meta-analysis data on procalcitonin and exploring future options for prognostic and diagnosis markers including metabolomics.
Prevalence of anti-HCV Antibodies Among Healthy Asymptomatic Indian Blood Don...Apollo Hospitals
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for a bulk of acute and chronic liver diseases world-wide. Since, both the viruses share similar risk factors and modes of transmission, a combined HBV and HCV infection is frequently encountered especially in the HBV endemic areas. Until lately anti-HBc antibodies were considered as surrogate marker for HCV infection. But with the development of advanced tests for HCV detection the role of anti-HBc in this regard stands uncertain.
People living with HIV in 2018 now have normal life expectancy if receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) and often require only one co-formulated pill every day to remain well. However there are still people living with HIV who are unaware of their diagnosis; who may present with a critical illness. Knowing who to test is essential. The population living with HIV are also ageing and often have comorbidities. It is vital that clinical conditions associated with HIV are recognised and for those receiving ART that significant drug-drug interactions are avoided. Pre Exposure prophylaxis (PREP) is widely used to prevent transmission and when to consider post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be understood. Although only one person has been cured of HIV ongoing research continues.
Hepatitis C treatment has been revolutionised with Direct Acting Antiretrovirals (DAAs) that are taken in an outpatient settings, however treatment rates in Australia are in decline. Patients living with Hepatitis C need to be identified to be treated. Those patients with established severe liver disease may remain at risk of decompensation and therefore it is considered vital to ensure linkage into adequate follow up. Drug interactions are important to recognise in patients completing DAAs and although Hepatitis C can be cured the management of any coinfections with blood borne viruses requires careful attention.
It is estimated that 10 million people are infected with Chagas worlwide. Most of them don't receive appropiate medical care. The Barcelona Institute for Global Health works to reduce the impact of this forgotten disease and to secure adequate treatments for those who suffer this scourge.
The research interest of the investigator has focused on the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of sepsis. In particular, he has worked on soluble proteins involved in the innate recognition of bacteria such as soluble CD14 and MD-2, as well as in the Toll-like receptors activated by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Another area of study is the molecular pathogenesis and cell signaling of ventilator-induced lung injury, and lung inflammation in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome. He has also identified and tested biomarkers in the field of clinical sepsis.
Watch the presentation on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyWN7JlhlmI&
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Management in HIV.2016hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, Laura H. Bachmann, MD, MPH, reviews important management issues to consider when treating common sexually transmitted diseases in patients coinfected with HIV.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.00 MB
Date posted: 6/6/2016
Sepsis biomarkers an update by Dr Puneet JainPuneet Jain
sepsis biomarkers play a crucial role in decision making and management of sepsis cases. these biomarkers can be diagnostic, prognostic or theranostic. CRP and Procalcitonin are most widely used and studied biomarkers.
A brief overview of the potential for biomarkers to impact on sepsis diagnosis and management, looking at recent meta-analysis data on procalcitonin and exploring future options for prognostic and diagnosis markers including metabolomics.
Prevalence of anti-HCV Antibodies Among Healthy Asymptomatic Indian Blood Don...Apollo Hospitals
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for a bulk of acute and chronic liver diseases world-wide. Since, both the viruses share similar risk factors and modes of transmission, a combined HBV and HCV infection is frequently encountered especially in the HBV endemic areas. Until lately anti-HBc antibodies were considered as surrogate marker for HCV infection. But with the development of advanced tests for HCV detection the role of anti-HBc in this regard stands uncertain.
People living with HIV in 2018 now have normal life expectancy if receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) and often require only one co-formulated pill every day to remain well. However there are still people living with HIV who are unaware of their diagnosis; who may present with a critical illness. Knowing who to test is essential. The population living with HIV are also ageing and often have comorbidities. It is vital that clinical conditions associated with HIV are recognised and for those receiving ART that significant drug-drug interactions are avoided. Pre Exposure prophylaxis (PREP) is widely used to prevent transmission and when to consider post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be understood. Although only one person has been cured of HIV ongoing research continues.
Hepatitis C treatment has been revolutionised with Direct Acting Antiretrovirals (DAAs) that are taken in an outpatient settings, however treatment rates in Australia are in decline. Patients living with Hepatitis C need to be identified to be treated. Those patients with established severe liver disease may remain at risk of decompensation and therefore it is considered vital to ensure linkage into adequate follow up. Drug interactions are important to recognise in patients completing DAAs and although Hepatitis C can be cured the management of any coinfections with blood borne viruses requires careful attention.
It is estimated that 10 million people are infected with Chagas worlwide. Most of them don't receive appropiate medical care. The Barcelona Institute for Global Health works to reduce the impact of this forgotten disease and to secure adequate treatments for those who suffer this scourge.
Everything you wanna know about Chagas disease and Trypanosoma cruzi in a nutshell, including the morphology and life-cycle of the parasite ,diagnosis treatment and prophylaxis of Chagas disease.
This is the presentation on Trypanosomiasis that covers classification and diseases caused by Trypanosoma, its life cycle, Geographical distribution, Transmission, diagnosis and treatment and finally its scenario in India.
Some flow charts have been taken from published articles, that can be searched directly from net.
Cathy Logan, MD, of the UC San Diego AntiViral Research Center, presents "Solid Organ Transplantation and HIV" at AIDS Clinical Rounds on August 29, 2014
Review from the 24th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) – 2017
Charles Hicks, M.D.
April 21st, 2017
UCSD HIV & Global Health Rounds
Clinico-haematological Profile of Falciparum Malaria in a Rural Hospital of T...iosrphr_editor
Aim: To study the clinico-haematological profile malaria in a rural hospital of Tripura.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was done from at Kulai District
Hospital,Tripura. This hospital based cross sectional study was done on 60 confirmed cases of falciparum
malaria (either by peripheral smear or rapid diagnostic test) admitted in Kulai District Hospital. A case sheet
proforma was prepared and data (demographic profile,clinical feature, investigation, treatment, and
complication) from all indoor patients was collected and analyzed.
Result: Out of 60 patients, 40(66.6%) were males and 20 (33.4%) were females. Most of the patients were
between the age group 21-40 years with the highest prevalence between the age group of 21-30. Fever was the
most common symptom. Anemia was present in 42(70%) patients, out of which 6(10%) patients had severe
anemia. Thrombocytopenia was present in 36(60%) patients.Abnormal liver function tests were observed in
26(43.3%) subjects while abnormal kidney function tests were observed in16(26.6%) patients. All the 60
patients received Artemisinin based antimalarial drugs.
Conclusion: Early detection, prompt management, and adequate supportive therapy may reduce mortality due
to falciparum cerebral malaria.
Fast-track the end of AIDS in the EU - practical evidence-based interventions.
Presentation by: Jens Lundgren, CHIP
In a two-day meeting under the auspices of the Maltese Presidency of the Council of the European Union (30-31 January 2017), HIV experts from across the European Union discussed how to reverse this trend and how to prepare Europe to achieve the set target of ending AIDS by 2030.
Similar to Roberta Lattes - Argentina - Tuesday 29 - Donor Risk (20)
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
9. 26 labs in 16 countries 70 samples checked Inter-lab evaluation Intra-lab evaluation PCR kDNA (330 bp) Highly repetitive sequences: Detection of low parasitic loads Useful for chronic infection diagnosis Early detection of reactivation and transmission PCR satellite (180 bp ) Nuclear DNA 50.000-100.000 p/parasite Kinetoplast DNA 40.000-80.000 p/parasite 2011;5(1):e931
10.
11. Chagas infected donors Effective infected donors in Argentina Source: INCUCAI 2011 Not all Tx teams accept infected donors 3.7 5.1 4.6 4.6 2.5 5.7
![Disclosures No conflict of interest Roberta Lattes [email_address] Instituto de Nefrología/Nephrology Buenos Aires – Argentina](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)