The document discusses security engineering and covers topics such as security requirements, secure system design, security testing and assurance. It defines security engineering as tools, techniques and methods to develop systems that can resist malicious attacks. It also discusses security dimensions of confidentiality, integrity and availability. Finally, it provides an overview of the preliminary risk assessment process for defining security requirements.
This document discusses various topics related to distributed software engineering including distributed systems, client-server computing, architectural patterns for distributed systems, and software as a service. It covers key characteristics of distributed systems like resource sharing, openness, concurrency, scalability, and fault tolerance. Some important design issues for distributed systems are also outlined such as transparency, openness, scalability, security, quality of service, and failure management. Common models of interaction in distributed systems including remote procedure calls and message passing are described. The roles of middleware and common architectural patterns like client-server, multi-tier, and distributed components are summarized.
The document discusses threat modeling using STRIDE. It provides an overview of threat modeling and the STRIDE methodology. The document then shows an example of applying STRIDE to identify threats in a DNS system. Threats are identified for each element and interaction in diagrams of the DNS system. This includes threats to the hosting environment, DNS software, DNS data, DNS transactions, and dynamic updates.
This document discusses safety engineering for systems that contain software. It covers topics like safety-critical systems, safety requirements, and safety engineering processes. Safety is defined as a system's ability to operate normally and abnormally without harm. For safety-critical systems like aircraft or medical devices, software is often used for control and monitoring, so software safety is important. Hazard identification, risk assessment, and specifying safety requirements to mitigate risks are key parts of the safety engineering process. The goal is to design systems where failures cannot cause injury, death or environmental damage.
This document provides an overview of topics in chapter 13 on security engineering. It discusses security and dependability, security dimensions of confidentiality, integrity and availability. It also outlines different security levels including infrastructure, application and operational security. Key aspects of security engineering are discussed such as secure system design, security testing and assurance. Security terminology and examples are provided. The relationship between security and dependability factors like reliability, availability, safety and resilience is examined. The document also covers security in organizations and the role of security policies.
The document discusses several topics related to software project management including risk management, managing people, and teamwork. It describes the key activities of a project manager including planning, risk assessment, people management, reporting, and proposal writing. Specific risks at the project, product, and business levels are defined and strategies for risk identification, analysis, planning, monitoring, and mitigation are outlined. Effective people management is also emphasized, including motivating team members through satisfying different human needs and personality types. A case study demonstrates how addressing an individual team member's motivation issues can improve project outcomes.
This document discusses asset management in information security. It defines information assets and systems, and emphasizes the importance of assigning ownership, developing classification guidelines, and inventorying all assets. The key aspects are classifying assets according to sensitivity, assigning appropriate labels and handling procedures, and ensuring all hardware and software assets are accounted for in an inventory. This helps protect critical information and defend against potential threats.
What you need to know about NGSOC. Presented at #CSXAsia #ScavengerHunt about...Alan Yau Ti Dun
This document provides a summary of an upcoming cybersecurity session. It will cover building and improving an organization's security operations, with a focus on security incident and event monitoring (SIEM) and security information and event management (SIEM). Specific topics that will be discussed include fundamental security measures, advanced security threats, log management, vulnerability scanning, penetration testing, and security incident response processes. The session aims to help organizations prepare for mitigating future cyber attacks.
This document discusses various topics related to distributed software engineering including distributed systems, client-server computing, architectural patterns for distributed systems, and software as a service. It covers key characteristics of distributed systems like resource sharing, openness, concurrency, scalability, and fault tolerance. Some important design issues for distributed systems are also outlined such as transparency, openness, scalability, security, quality of service, and failure management. Common models of interaction in distributed systems including remote procedure calls and message passing are described. The roles of middleware and common architectural patterns like client-server, multi-tier, and distributed components are summarized.
The document discusses threat modeling using STRIDE. It provides an overview of threat modeling and the STRIDE methodology. The document then shows an example of applying STRIDE to identify threats in a DNS system. Threats are identified for each element and interaction in diagrams of the DNS system. This includes threats to the hosting environment, DNS software, DNS data, DNS transactions, and dynamic updates.
This document discusses safety engineering for systems that contain software. It covers topics like safety-critical systems, safety requirements, and safety engineering processes. Safety is defined as a system's ability to operate normally and abnormally without harm. For safety-critical systems like aircraft or medical devices, software is often used for control and monitoring, so software safety is important. Hazard identification, risk assessment, and specifying safety requirements to mitigate risks are key parts of the safety engineering process. The goal is to design systems where failures cannot cause injury, death or environmental damage.
This document provides an overview of topics in chapter 13 on security engineering. It discusses security and dependability, security dimensions of confidentiality, integrity and availability. It also outlines different security levels including infrastructure, application and operational security. Key aspects of security engineering are discussed such as secure system design, security testing and assurance. Security terminology and examples are provided. The relationship between security and dependability factors like reliability, availability, safety and resilience is examined. The document also covers security in organizations and the role of security policies.
The document discusses several topics related to software project management including risk management, managing people, and teamwork. It describes the key activities of a project manager including planning, risk assessment, people management, reporting, and proposal writing. Specific risks at the project, product, and business levels are defined and strategies for risk identification, analysis, planning, monitoring, and mitigation are outlined. Effective people management is also emphasized, including motivating team members through satisfying different human needs and personality types. A case study demonstrates how addressing an individual team member's motivation issues can improve project outcomes.
This document discusses asset management in information security. It defines information assets and systems, and emphasizes the importance of assigning ownership, developing classification guidelines, and inventorying all assets. The key aspects are classifying assets according to sensitivity, assigning appropriate labels and handling procedures, and ensuring all hardware and software assets are accounted for in an inventory. This helps protect critical information and defend against potential threats.
What you need to know about NGSOC. Presented at #CSXAsia #ScavengerHunt about...Alan Yau Ti Dun
This document provides a summary of an upcoming cybersecurity session. It will cover building and improving an organization's security operations, with a focus on security incident and event monitoring (SIEM) and security information and event management (SIEM). Specific topics that will be discussed include fundamental security measures, advanced security threats, log management, vulnerability scanning, penetration testing, and security incident response processes. The session aims to help organizations prepare for mitigating future cyber attacks.
Information security – risk identification is allPECB
Karsten M. Decker is an expert in information security standards and risk identification. He currently works as the owner and CEO of Decker Consulting GmbH, and previously held positions including Managing Director of the Swiss Center for Scientific Computing and Assistant Professor at the University of Bern. He actively contributes to the development of ISO/IEC 27000 information security standards. The document provides an overview of information security risk identification, including why it is important, how it can be done, and what factors are critical to its success. It discusses preparing for the process, different approaches like event-based and asset-threat-vulnerability models, and requirements.
Information security management best practiceparves kamal
ISO 17799 is an internationally recognized Information Security Management Standard, first published by the International Organization for Standardization, or ISO (www.iso.ch), in December 2000.
Protecting Agile Transformation through Secure DevOps (DevSecOps)Eryk Budi Pratama
Respresenting Cyber Defense Community (cdef.id) to present and share my view on Secure DevOps / DevSecOps. Through this presentation, I shared several insights about:
1. How to balance the risk and controls in the "great shift left" paradigm (agile)
2. DevOps activities
3. How to seamlessly integrate security into DevOps
4. How to "shift left" the security"
5. Get started with Secure DevOps / DevSecOps
6. Case Study about DevSecOps implementation
For further discussion, especially how to secure digital and agile transformation in your organization, don't hesitate to contact me :)
The document discusses logging, monitoring, auditing, and the importance of management review controls. It provides details on:
- What a security audit involves, including assessing physical, software, network, and human aspects of an information system.
- How security auditing works by testing adherence to internal IT policies and external standards/regulations.
- The purpose of monitoring security logs to detect anomalies and threats, given the large volume of logs generated.
- The benefits of logging, monitoring and reporting which include stronger governance, oversight, security and compliance.
- How management review controls are important for an effective control environment and ensuring accuracy of key security documents.
The document discusses dependability in systems. It covers topics like dependability properties, sociotechnical systems, redundancy and diversity, and dependable processes. Dependability reflects how trustworthy a system is and includes attributes like reliability, availability, and security. Dependability is important because system failures can have widespread impacts. Both hardware and software failures and human errors can cause systems to fail. Techniques like redundancy, diversity, and formal methods can help improve dependability. Regulation is also discussed as many critical systems require approval from regulators.
The GDPR Foundation training allows you to study the essential elements to execute and manage the framework of compliance with respect to the personal data protection. All through this training course you will be able to comprehend the fundamental principles of privacy and get acquainted with the role of the Data Protection Officer.
The document discusses different types of software review techniques, including informal reviews, formal technical reviews, and sample-driven reviews. It provides details on the goals, participants, and processes involved in formal technical reviews like walkthroughs and inspections. Metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of reviews are also presented, such as defects found per hour of preparation or inspection time. Overall, the document provides an overview of best practices and considerations for conducting effective software reviews.
This document provides an introduction and overview to IT auditing. It discusses:
- What IT auditing is and its objectives of ensuring IT resources meet organizational goals efficiently and effectively.
- The mandate for SAIs to conduct IT audits derived from their overall mandate to audit financial statements, internal controls, and performance.
- The types of IT audits including IS audits, financial audits, compliance audits, and performance audits, and that the scope can cover specific systems, processes, locations, or periods.
- The high-level IT audit process which follows the same stages as a regularity audit but may use different tools, including pre-engagement activities, risk assessment, audit planning,
The document discusses the OSI security architecture, including security attacks, services, and mechanisms. It defines passive and active security attacks and lists examples. It also defines security services like authentication, access control, data confidentiality, data integrity, and nonrepudiation. Finally, it discusses security mechanisms like encipherment and the use of secret information shared between principals.
These slides discuss software configuration management and introduce key concepts such as:
- Software systems will change throughout their lifecycle and SCM is needed to manage changes.
- A software configuration includes programs, documents, and data that are managed and changed as a unit.
- Baselines mark milestones and are approved versions that changes are made against via a formal process.
- A repository stores and manages different versions of configuration items and their dependencies.
- Version control, change control, auditing and other processes are used to manage all changes.
- Content management systems extend traditional SCM to also manage dynamic web content and publishing.
Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control™ (CRISC™) is the most current and rigorous assessment which is presently available to evaluate the risk management proficiency of IT professionals and other employees within an enterprise or financial institute.
CRISC help enterprises to understand business risk, and have the technical knowledge to implement appropriate IS controls.
This CRISC Certification training course accredited by ISACA is ideal for IT professionals, risk professionals, control professionals, business analysts, project managers, compliance, professionals and more.
To know more about CRISC Certification training worldwide,
please contact us at -
Email: support@invensislearning.com
Phone - US +1-910-726-3695,
Website: https://www.invensislearning.com
Accountability for Corporate Cybersecurity - Who Owns What?Henry Draughon
Data breaches have progressed from low probability, high consequence events to high probability, high consequence events. This shift requires that senior executives become more involved to help reduce financial impact and protect their companies’ reputation and brand.
Cybersecurity frameworks like NIST, HITRUST, PCI DSS, COBIT, and OSI provide the structure to facilitate senior executive participation. The technical perspective, sophistication, and complexity of frameworks can lead to silos of cybersecurity management. Cross-functional accountability for effective corporate cybersecurity management is required.
A Responsibility Assignment Matrix within a cybersecurity framework can visually and effectively illustrate cross-functional ownership of the corporate cybersecurity plan. Ownership of the creation and maintenance of the corporate security plan should remain with either the security or IT department. Many aspects of cybersecurity accountability naturally reside outside of the security and IT departments.
Please visit this site and explore how corporate accountability can be incorporated with cybersecurity planning.
http://processdeliverysystems.com/v2pds_nist/index.htm
Click here to download the presentation Accountability for Corporate Cybersecurity, Who Owns What?
http://processdeliverysystems.com/v2pds_nist/documents/PDS_Accountabiliy_NIST_Cybersecurity_Framework.pdf
Click here to download the Responsibility Assignment Matrix for the NIST Cybersecurity Framework.
http://processdeliverysystems.com/v2pds_nist/documents/PDS_NIST_Cybersecurity_Framework_RACI.pdf
We welcome your questions, insights, and comments.
Privacy Trends: Key practical steps on ISO/IEC 27701:2019 implementationPECB
In this session, we will go through ISO/IEC 27701 and ISO/IEC 27001 key practical implementation steps and how they can help you to be compliant with the GDPR.
Our presenters, Peter Geelen and Stefan Mathuvis, will guide you through the implementer tasks with practical hints and tips and show you how an auditor will look at your implementation, searching for evidence and compliance.
In addition, we will match the ISO/IEC 27(7)01 requirements to complete the GDPR obligations as far as possible.
Starting from executive management to privacy policies, handling notifications, setting up awareness programs, controlling user access requests, over vendor management to incident management (data breaches) and continuous updates.
The webinar will cover:
• Quick recap on general ISO components and approach
• Implementing ISO/IEC 27001 with the ISO/IEC 27701 extension for GDPR compliance
• Do's and don’ts for implementation and audit
• The importance of evidence in the audit
• Managing audit expectations and the never ending audit cycle
Recorded webinar: https://youtu.be/HL-VUiCj4Ew
1) innogy SE conducted a Cyber Security Maturity Assessment (CSMA) to gain transparency into its cyber security measures and maturity levels.
2) The CSMA analyzed all cyber security controls and measures to determine their cost, maturity, and economic efficiency. It provided actual and planned maturity levels for the company and its units.
3) The CSMA helped innogy SE optimize its cyber security efforts by reducing overlaps, redundancies, and over or under achievement. It identified the most cost-effective approach to achieve its target maturity levels.
This whitepaper provides some meaningful examples on metrics along with purposes of metrics (targets).
The whitepaper focuses on metrics in relation to the status of the ISMS and its output. These are also the outputs, which feeds into the management reporting.
The document summarizes the structure and controls outlined in ISO 27001:2013. It lists the 18 control categories in Annex A, providing a brief description of what each controls. These controls cover a wide range of topics, including information security policies, human resources, asset management, access control, cryptography, physical security, operations, communications, system acquisition/development, vendor relations, incident management, business continuity planning, and compliance. The document notes that while ISO 27001 is often seen as computer-centric, it actually involves various other aspects across the organization. Controls in Annex A form an essential part of ISO 27001 implementation and organizations can determine applicability of controls based on their risk assessment.
This document discusses information security management systems (ISMS). It defines information and its lifecycle, including how information can be created, stored, processed, transmitted, used, lost, corrupted, etc. It then defines the key aspects of information security - integrity, availability, and confidentiality. It emphasizes that information is a valuable asset for organizations that needs to be protected. The document outlines some of the main components of establishing an ISMS, including risk management, policies, training, and processes. It also discusses ISO 27001 as the international standard for ISMS and its various control areas.
These are slides from local security chapters meetup, Here I tried to explain the challenges in appsec and complete framework for different life cycle of secure software development cycle
This document discusses the process of conducting an information security audit. It begins by defining an information security audit and explaining that it assesses how an organization's security policies protect information. It then describes the general methodology, which involves assessing general controls at the entity, application, and technical levels. The document outlines the planning, internal control, testing, and reporting phases of an audit. It provides details on tasks like developing audit scopes and checklists, assessing policies and documentation, and writing the final audit report. The overall purpose is to explain the end-to-end process of performing an information security audit.
Cybersecurity roadmap : Global healthcare security architecturePriyanka Aash
Using NIST cybersecurity framework, one of the largest healthcare IT firms in the US developed the global security architecture and roadmap addressing security gaps by architecture domain and common security capability. This session will discuss the architecture framework, capability matrix, the architecture development methodology and key deliverables.
(Source : RSA Conference USA 2017)
This document discusses resilience engineering and designing resilient systems. It covers topics such as resilience, cybersecurity threats and controls, resilience planning, sociotechnical resilience, and resilient systems design. The key ideas are that resilience involves maintaining critical system services during disruptions, using defensive layers and redundancy to limit failures, and designing systems and processes to recognize, resist, recover from, and reinstate after problems.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 15 on resilience engineering. It discusses resilience as the ability of systems to maintain critical services during disruptions like failures or cyberattacks. Resilience involves recognizing issues, resisting failures when possible, and recovering quickly through activities like redundancy. The document also covers sociotechnical resilience, where human and organizational factors are considered, and characteristics of resilient organizations like responsiveness, monitoring, anticipation, and learning.
Information security – risk identification is allPECB
Karsten M. Decker is an expert in information security standards and risk identification. He currently works as the owner and CEO of Decker Consulting GmbH, and previously held positions including Managing Director of the Swiss Center for Scientific Computing and Assistant Professor at the University of Bern. He actively contributes to the development of ISO/IEC 27000 information security standards. The document provides an overview of information security risk identification, including why it is important, how it can be done, and what factors are critical to its success. It discusses preparing for the process, different approaches like event-based and asset-threat-vulnerability models, and requirements.
Information security management best practiceparves kamal
ISO 17799 is an internationally recognized Information Security Management Standard, first published by the International Organization for Standardization, or ISO (www.iso.ch), in December 2000.
Protecting Agile Transformation through Secure DevOps (DevSecOps)Eryk Budi Pratama
Respresenting Cyber Defense Community (cdef.id) to present and share my view on Secure DevOps / DevSecOps. Through this presentation, I shared several insights about:
1. How to balance the risk and controls in the "great shift left" paradigm (agile)
2. DevOps activities
3. How to seamlessly integrate security into DevOps
4. How to "shift left" the security"
5. Get started with Secure DevOps / DevSecOps
6. Case Study about DevSecOps implementation
For further discussion, especially how to secure digital and agile transformation in your organization, don't hesitate to contact me :)
The document discusses logging, monitoring, auditing, and the importance of management review controls. It provides details on:
- What a security audit involves, including assessing physical, software, network, and human aspects of an information system.
- How security auditing works by testing adherence to internal IT policies and external standards/regulations.
- The purpose of monitoring security logs to detect anomalies and threats, given the large volume of logs generated.
- The benefits of logging, monitoring and reporting which include stronger governance, oversight, security and compliance.
- How management review controls are important for an effective control environment and ensuring accuracy of key security documents.
The document discusses dependability in systems. It covers topics like dependability properties, sociotechnical systems, redundancy and diversity, and dependable processes. Dependability reflects how trustworthy a system is and includes attributes like reliability, availability, and security. Dependability is important because system failures can have widespread impacts. Both hardware and software failures and human errors can cause systems to fail. Techniques like redundancy, diversity, and formal methods can help improve dependability. Regulation is also discussed as many critical systems require approval from regulators.
The GDPR Foundation training allows you to study the essential elements to execute and manage the framework of compliance with respect to the personal data protection. All through this training course you will be able to comprehend the fundamental principles of privacy and get acquainted with the role of the Data Protection Officer.
The document discusses different types of software review techniques, including informal reviews, formal technical reviews, and sample-driven reviews. It provides details on the goals, participants, and processes involved in formal technical reviews like walkthroughs and inspections. Metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of reviews are also presented, such as defects found per hour of preparation or inspection time. Overall, the document provides an overview of best practices and considerations for conducting effective software reviews.
This document provides an introduction and overview to IT auditing. It discusses:
- What IT auditing is and its objectives of ensuring IT resources meet organizational goals efficiently and effectively.
- The mandate for SAIs to conduct IT audits derived from their overall mandate to audit financial statements, internal controls, and performance.
- The types of IT audits including IS audits, financial audits, compliance audits, and performance audits, and that the scope can cover specific systems, processes, locations, or periods.
- The high-level IT audit process which follows the same stages as a regularity audit but may use different tools, including pre-engagement activities, risk assessment, audit planning,
The document discusses the OSI security architecture, including security attacks, services, and mechanisms. It defines passive and active security attacks and lists examples. It also defines security services like authentication, access control, data confidentiality, data integrity, and nonrepudiation. Finally, it discusses security mechanisms like encipherment and the use of secret information shared between principals.
These slides discuss software configuration management and introduce key concepts such as:
- Software systems will change throughout their lifecycle and SCM is needed to manage changes.
- A software configuration includes programs, documents, and data that are managed and changed as a unit.
- Baselines mark milestones and are approved versions that changes are made against via a formal process.
- A repository stores and manages different versions of configuration items and their dependencies.
- Version control, change control, auditing and other processes are used to manage all changes.
- Content management systems extend traditional SCM to also manage dynamic web content and publishing.
Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control™ (CRISC™) is the most current and rigorous assessment which is presently available to evaluate the risk management proficiency of IT professionals and other employees within an enterprise or financial institute.
CRISC help enterprises to understand business risk, and have the technical knowledge to implement appropriate IS controls.
This CRISC Certification training course accredited by ISACA is ideal for IT professionals, risk professionals, control professionals, business analysts, project managers, compliance, professionals and more.
To know more about CRISC Certification training worldwide,
please contact us at -
Email: support@invensislearning.com
Phone - US +1-910-726-3695,
Website: https://www.invensislearning.com
Accountability for Corporate Cybersecurity - Who Owns What?Henry Draughon
Data breaches have progressed from low probability, high consequence events to high probability, high consequence events. This shift requires that senior executives become more involved to help reduce financial impact and protect their companies’ reputation and brand.
Cybersecurity frameworks like NIST, HITRUST, PCI DSS, COBIT, and OSI provide the structure to facilitate senior executive participation. The technical perspective, sophistication, and complexity of frameworks can lead to silos of cybersecurity management. Cross-functional accountability for effective corporate cybersecurity management is required.
A Responsibility Assignment Matrix within a cybersecurity framework can visually and effectively illustrate cross-functional ownership of the corporate cybersecurity plan. Ownership of the creation and maintenance of the corporate security plan should remain with either the security or IT department. Many aspects of cybersecurity accountability naturally reside outside of the security and IT departments.
Please visit this site and explore how corporate accountability can be incorporated with cybersecurity planning.
http://processdeliverysystems.com/v2pds_nist/index.htm
Click here to download the presentation Accountability for Corporate Cybersecurity, Who Owns What?
http://processdeliverysystems.com/v2pds_nist/documents/PDS_Accountabiliy_NIST_Cybersecurity_Framework.pdf
Click here to download the Responsibility Assignment Matrix for the NIST Cybersecurity Framework.
http://processdeliverysystems.com/v2pds_nist/documents/PDS_NIST_Cybersecurity_Framework_RACI.pdf
We welcome your questions, insights, and comments.
Privacy Trends: Key practical steps on ISO/IEC 27701:2019 implementationPECB
In this session, we will go through ISO/IEC 27701 and ISO/IEC 27001 key practical implementation steps and how they can help you to be compliant with the GDPR.
Our presenters, Peter Geelen and Stefan Mathuvis, will guide you through the implementer tasks with practical hints and tips and show you how an auditor will look at your implementation, searching for evidence and compliance.
In addition, we will match the ISO/IEC 27(7)01 requirements to complete the GDPR obligations as far as possible.
Starting from executive management to privacy policies, handling notifications, setting up awareness programs, controlling user access requests, over vendor management to incident management (data breaches) and continuous updates.
The webinar will cover:
• Quick recap on general ISO components and approach
• Implementing ISO/IEC 27001 with the ISO/IEC 27701 extension for GDPR compliance
• Do's and don’ts for implementation and audit
• The importance of evidence in the audit
• Managing audit expectations and the never ending audit cycle
Recorded webinar: https://youtu.be/HL-VUiCj4Ew
1) innogy SE conducted a Cyber Security Maturity Assessment (CSMA) to gain transparency into its cyber security measures and maturity levels.
2) The CSMA analyzed all cyber security controls and measures to determine their cost, maturity, and economic efficiency. It provided actual and planned maturity levels for the company and its units.
3) The CSMA helped innogy SE optimize its cyber security efforts by reducing overlaps, redundancies, and over or under achievement. It identified the most cost-effective approach to achieve its target maturity levels.
This whitepaper provides some meaningful examples on metrics along with purposes of metrics (targets).
The whitepaper focuses on metrics in relation to the status of the ISMS and its output. These are also the outputs, which feeds into the management reporting.
The document summarizes the structure and controls outlined in ISO 27001:2013. It lists the 18 control categories in Annex A, providing a brief description of what each controls. These controls cover a wide range of topics, including information security policies, human resources, asset management, access control, cryptography, physical security, operations, communications, system acquisition/development, vendor relations, incident management, business continuity planning, and compliance. The document notes that while ISO 27001 is often seen as computer-centric, it actually involves various other aspects across the organization. Controls in Annex A form an essential part of ISO 27001 implementation and organizations can determine applicability of controls based on their risk assessment.
This document discusses information security management systems (ISMS). It defines information and its lifecycle, including how information can be created, stored, processed, transmitted, used, lost, corrupted, etc. It then defines the key aspects of information security - integrity, availability, and confidentiality. It emphasizes that information is a valuable asset for organizations that needs to be protected. The document outlines some of the main components of establishing an ISMS, including risk management, policies, training, and processes. It also discusses ISO 27001 as the international standard for ISMS and its various control areas.
These are slides from local security chapters meetup, Here I tried to explain the challenges in appsec and complete framework for different life cycle of secure software development cycle
This document discusses the process of conducting an information security audit. It begins by defining an information security audit and explaining that it assesses how an organization's security policies protect information. It then describes the general methodology, which involves assessing general controls at the entity, application, and technical levels. The document outlines the planning, internal control, testing, and reporting phases of an audit. It provides details on tasks like developing audit scopes and checklists, assessing policies and documentation, and writing the final audit report. The overall purpose is to explain the end-to-end process of performing an information security audit.
Cybersecurity roadmap : Global healthcare security architecturePriyanka Aash
Using NIST cybersecurity framework, one of the largest healthcare IT firms in the US developed the global security architecture and roadmap addressing security gaps by architecture domain and common security capability. This session will discuss the architecture framework, capability matrix, the architecture development methodology and key deliverables.
(Source : RSA Conference USA 2017)
This document discusses resilience engineering and designing resilient systems. It covers topics such as resilience, cybersecurity threats and controls, resilience planning, sociotechnical resilience, and resilient systems design. The key ideas are that resilience involves maintaining critical system services during disruptions, using defensive layers and redundancy to limit failures, and designing systems and processes to recognize, resist, recover from, and reinstate after problems.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 15 on resilience engineering. It discusses resilience as the ability of systems to maintain critical services during disruptions like failures or cyberattacks. Resilience involves recognizing issues, resisting failures when possible, and recovering quickly through activities like redundancy. The document also covers sociotechnical resilience, where human and organizational factors are considered, and characteristics of resilient organizations like responsiveness, monitoring, anticipation, and learning.
This document provides an overview of topics covered in Chapter 14 on Security Engineering. It discusses security engineering and how it is concerned with applying security to applications, as well as security risk assessment and designing systems based on risk assessments. The document outlines the importance of security management, as well as risk management approaches like preliminary risk assessment, life cycle risk assessment, and operational risk assessment. It also discusses designing systems for security through approaches like incorporating security into architectural design, following best practices, and minimizing vulnerabilities introduced during deployment. Finally, the document discusses system survivability and delivering essential services even when under attack.
This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on security engineering:
1. It discusses security engineering and management, risk assessment, and designing systems for security. Application security focuses on design while infrastructure security is a management problem.
2. It outlines guidelines for secure system design including basing decisions on security policies, avoiding single points of failure, balancing security and usability, validating all inputs, and designing for deployment and recoverability.
3. It also covers risk management, assessing threats, and designing architectures with layered protection and distributed assets to minimize the effects of attacks.
Website security is important to prevent unauthorized access, use, modification or disruption of websites. Threats can come from software flaws, insecure configurations, or misuse of features. Confidentiality, integrity and availability of information must be ensured. Common attacks include eavesdropping, tampering and impersonation of network traffic. Security controls like access management, operational procedures and technical measures help mitigate vulnerabilities and threats. Regular software updates, layered protections, HTTPS usage, and strong unique passwords are advised.
This document discusses different types of cloud security services and the security features they provide. It describes security cloud services, including data encryption, firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and other features. These services help businesses protect their data, applications, and infrastructure from various threats by providing features such as encryption, access management, and security monitoring.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information security from a lecture on security concepts. It defines security as keeping the possibility of threats low, and discusses specialized security areas like physical, personal, communications, network, and data security. It also defines computer security as protecting computer systems, hardware, software, data and information from threats. The document then examines common security vulnerabilities, threats, and the vulnerability-threat-control paradigm. It discusses goals of security like confidentiality, integrity and availability.
S.Karthika,II-M.sc(Computer Science),Bon Secours college for women,thanjavurvkarthi314
The document discusses network security. It defines computer security, network security, and internet security. The key aspects of network security are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It describes different types of security attacks like passive attacks involving interception and traffic analysis, and active attacks like masquerade, replay, message modification, and denial of service. It also discusses different impact levels of security breaches and challenges in computer security. Finally, it presents models for network security and network access security.
The document discusses various methods for ensuring security in information systems and networks. It describes encryption techniques that scramble data during transmission and can only be unscrambled by authorized users with public and private keys. It also discusses firewalls that filter access to internal networks from the internet and intranets to deter hacking. Finally, it outlines other security measures like antivirus software, access controls, backup systems, and audits to evaluate security policies and ensure proper protections are in place.
This document provides an overview of network and information security. It discusses key concepts like the OSI security architecture, security attacks, mechanisms, and services. It explains why security is important to protect company assets, gain competitive advantages, comply with regulations, and ensure job security. The security trinity of prevention, detection, and response is also explained. Basic security terminology is defined, including authentication, access control, confidentiality, availability, data integrity, accountability, and non-repudiation. Finally, it discusses what a security policy is and its importance.
This document discusses network security and defines key concepts. It explains that security aims to protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. The main pillars of security are the CIA triangle of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Vulnerabilities are weaknesses that can be exploited by threats to carry out attacks, which aim to intercept, interrupt, modify or fabricate information. Common attacks include eavesdropping, cryptanalysis, password pilfering through guessing, social engineering, dictionary attacks and password sniffing. Controls work to reduce vulnerabilities and block threats to prevent harm.
This document provides an introduction to information security concepts. It defines information security as protecting information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption or destruction. The key aspects of information security are confidentiality, integrity and availability. Basic security terminology like identification, authentication, access control and confidentiality are explained. Common network vulnerabilities like weak passwords, protocol design flaws, and unauthorized access through modems are also discussed. The importance of network security is to protect company assets, gain competitive advantage and ensure regulatory compliance.
This document provides lecture notes on information security. It covers four modules: (1) the security problem in computing and elementary cryptography; (2) program security, operating system protection, and trusted OS design; (3) database security and security in networks; (4) administering security, legal and ethical issues. Key topics include computer threats like viruses and malware, network attacks like denial of service, and security controls like encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. The goal is to educate students on fundamental concepts of information security.
The document discusses various aspects of computer security including common security fallacies, layers of security, security principles, threats, and an overview of security technologies. It describes physical security, host security, network security, and web application security as the key layers of security. It also defines basic security terminology and models like CIA triad, AAA, and the operational model involving prevention, detection, and response. Common security technologies discussed include encryption, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software.
Modification data attack inside computer systems: A critical reviewCSITiaesprime
This paper is a review of types of modification data attack based on computer systems and it explores the vulnerabilities and mitigations. Altering information is a kind of cyber-attack during which intruders interfere, catch, alter, take, or erase critical data on the personal computers (PCs) and applications through using network exploit or by running malicious executable codes on victim's system. One of the most difficult and trendy areas in information security is to protect the sensitive information and secure devices from any kind of threats. Latest advancements in information technology in the field of information security reveal huge amount of budget funded for and spent on developing and addressing security threats to mitigate them. This helps in a variety of settings such as military, business, science, and entertainment. Considering all concerns, the security issues almost always come at first as the most critical concerns in the modern time. As a matter of fact, there is no ultimate security solution; although recent developments in security analysis are finding daily vulnerabilities, there are many motivations to spend billions of dollars to ensure there are vulnerabilities waiting for any kind of breach or exploit to penetrate into the systems and networks and achieve particular interests. In terms of modifying data and information, from old-fashioned attacks to recent cyber ones, all of the attacks are using the same signature: either controlling data streams to easily breach system protections or using non-control-data attack approaches. Both methods can damage applications which work on decision-making data, user input data, configuration data, or user identity data to a large extent. In this review paper, we have tried to express trends of vulnerabilities in the network protocols’ applications.
Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report And Presentation –...Lana Sorrels
The document discusses network security for a small accounting firm. It proposes implementing a network with firewall protection, wireless access points, antivirus software, and user training. A vulnerability assessment is recommended to identify security risks before deploying the network. The network design aims to protect client financial data from theft or loss while enabling file sharing and internet access for employees.
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Describe two methods for communicating the material in an Informatio.pdfarchgeetsenterprises
Describe two methods for communicating the material in an Information Security policy to the
staff of an organization. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each?
Solution
Information security means protecting information (data) and information systems from
unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
Information Security management is a process of defining the security controls in order to
protect the information assets.
Security Program
The first action of a management program to implement information security is to have a
security program in place. Though some argue the first act would be to gain some real \"proof of
concept\" and \"explainable thru display on the monitor screen\" security knowledge. Start with
maybe understanding where OS passwords are stored within the code inside a file within a
directory. If you don\'t understand Operating Systems at the root directory level maybe you
should seek out advice from somebody who does before even beginning to implement security
program management and objectives.
Security Program Objectives
· Protect the company and its assets.
· Manage Risks by Identifying assets, discovering threats and estimating the risk
· Provide direction for security activities by framing of information security policies,
procedures, standards, guidelines and baselines
· Information Classification
· Security Organization and
· Security Education
Security Management Responsibilities
· Determining objectives, scope, policies,re expected to be accomplished from a security
program
· Evaluate business objectives, security risks, user productivity, and functionality
requirements.
· Define steps to ensure that all the above are accounted for and properly addressed
Approaches to Build a Security Program
· Top-Down Approach
· The initiation, support, and direction comes from the top management and work their way
through middle management and then to staff members.
· Treated as the best approach but seems to based on the I get paid more therefor I must
know more about everything type of mentality.
· Ensures that the senior management who are ultimately responsible for protecting the
company assets is driving the program.
· Bottom-Up Approach
· The lower-end team comes up with a security control or a program without proper
management support and direction.
· It is oft considered less effective and doomed to fail for the same flaw in thinking as
above; I get paid more therefor I must know more about everything.
Since advancement is directly tied to how well you can convince others, who often fall outside of
your of job duties and department, as to your higher value to the company as stated by your own
effective written communication this leads to amazing resume writers and take no blame style of
email responses that seems to definitely lead to the eventual failure of company\'s standards and
actual knowledge. It is often covered up by relationships which form at the power levels within
any gr.
Cybersecurity Interview Questions and Answers.pdfJazmine Brown
Cyber security professionals are in high demand, and those willing to learn new skills to enter the area will have plenty of opportunities. Our goal is to present you with the most comprehensive selection of cybersecurity interview questions available.
The document discusses configuration management (CM) which involves managing changing software systems through policies, processes and tools. Key CM activities include version management to track changes made by different developers, system building to create executable systems, change management to track requests for changes, and release management. CM is important for team projects and agile development where components change frequently. Version control systems are used to identify, store and control access to different component versions.
The document discusses quality management in software development. It covers topics such as software quality, standards, reviews, quality management in agile development, and software measurement. Specifically, it describes that quality management is concerned with ensuring a required level of quality is achieved. It establishes organizational processes and standards to lead to high quality software. Quality management also involves applying specific quality processes and checking that planned processes are followed.
Project planning involves breaking down work into tasks assigned to team members, anticipating problems, and creating a project plan. The plan is used to communicate work and assess progress. Planning occurs at proposal, startup, and periodically throughout the project. At startup, more details are known and a plan is created for resource allocation. During development, the plan is regularly revised based on new information and experience. Agile planning uses iterative increments and flexible plans that can accommodate changing priorities and requirements.
The document discusses several aspects of software project management including risk management, managing people, and teamwork. It describes the risk management process of identifying, analyzing, planning for, and monitoring risks. Examples of different types of project, product, and business risks are provided. The document also discusses the importance of people management in projects and different personality types and motivations that managers should consider. Motivation factors like an individual's needs hierarchy and creating a balanced environment are addressed.
The document summarizes topics related to real-time software engineering including embedded system design, architectural patterns for real-time software, timing analysis, and real-time operating systems. It discusses key characteristics of embedded systems like responsiveness, the need to respond to stimuli within specified time constraints, and how real-time systems are often modeled as cooperating processes controlled by a real-time executive. The document also outlines common architectural patterns for real-time systems including observe and react, environmental control, and process pipeline.
This document provides an overview of systems of systems (SoS). It defines a SoS as a system containing two or more independently managed elements. Key characteristics of SoS include operational and managerial independence of elements. The document discusses challenges in engineering SoS due to lack of single control. It also describes common SoS development processes like conceptual design, system selection, and architectural design. Testing SoS is difficult as requirements may be undefined and constituent systems can change. The document advocates node and web architectures with collaboration incentives for SoS.
This document discusses systems engineering and the process of developing sociotechnical systems. It covers key topics like conceptual design, procurement, and the stages of systems engineering. Sociotechnical systems are complex and have emergent properties due to interactions between technical, human, and organizational factors. Success is difficult to define as stakeholders may have different views. Conceptual design develops an initial vision of the system purpose before detailed requirements. Procurement decisions involve choosing between custom development or commercial off-the-shelf systems.
This document discusses service-oriented software engineering and related topics. It covers service-oriented architectures, RESTful services, service engineering, and service composition. Key points include:
- Service-oriented architectures allow distributed systems to be developed where components are independent services. Standard protocols support service communication and information exchange.
- RESTful services provide a simpler alternative to SOAP/WSDL for implementing web services, using resources and standard HTTP methods like GET and POST.
- Service engineering is the process of developing reusable services, including identifying service candidates, designing service interfaces, and implementing and deploying services.
- Identifying appropriate service candidates involves understanding business processes and entities that could be supported by reusable services.
Component-based software engineering (CBSE) is an approach that relies on reusable software components. It emerged due to limitations of object-oriented development in supporting effective reuse. CBSE uses independent and interchangeable components that communicate through well-defined interfaces. Middleware provides support for component interoperability. CBSE processes involve both developing components for reuse and developing systems using existing reusable components.
The document discusses various topics related to software reuse, including application frameworks, software product lines, and application system reuse. It describes application frameworks as reusable architectures made up of abstract and concrete classes that are extended to create applications. Software product lines are families of applications with a common architecture that can be configured for different contexts. Application system reuse involves adapting generic application systems through configuration for specific customers. The document outlines several benefits and challenges to software reuse approaches.
This document provides an overview of safety engineering concepts and processes. It discusses safety-critical systems and the importance of considering software safety. Safety is defined as a system's ability to operate without danger of injury or damage. Key concepts covered include safety requirements, hazard identification and analysis, risk assessment and reduction strategies, and safety engineering processes. Safety-critical systems must be designed and developed following strict processes to ensure all hazards are identified and mitigated.
This document provides an overview of reliability engineering topics including software reliability, fault tolerance, and reliability requirements. It discusses key concepts such as availability, reliability, faults, errors and failures. It also describes different fault-tolerant system architectures and reliability metrics including probability of failure on demand, rate of occurrence of failures, and availability. Functional reliability requirements and examples are also presented relating to checking requirements, recovery requirements, redundancy requirements and development process requirements.
This chapter discusses dependable systems and covers topics like dependability properties, sociotechnical systems, redundancy and diversity, dependable processes, and formal methods for dependability. It defines dependability as reflecting a user's degree of trust in a system operating as expected without failure. Dependability encompasses attributes like reliability, availability, and security. Formal methods that use mathematical modeling can help reduce errors and improve dependability. Developing dependable systems also requires consideration of the sociotechnical context and dependable engineering processes.
This document discusses software evolution and maintenance. It covers topics like the inevitability of software change, legacy systems, and evolution processes. Software evolution involves implementing changes to existing systems to address new requirements, errors, or other issues. Most software budgets are spent evolving existing systems rather than developing new ones. Legacy systems rely on outdated technologies and can be difficult and expensive to change or replace. Effective evolution processes are needed to manage software changes over a system's lifetime.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing, including different types of testing (unit testing, component testing, system testing), test-driven development, and goals and processes for validation and defect testing. It provides examples and guidelines for testing individual components, interfaces, and integrated systems to discover errors and ensure software meets requirements.
This document discusses topics related to software design and implementation, including object-oriented design using UML, design patterns, and implementation issues. It provides details on the design and implementation process for a weather station system, including identifying system objects and classes, developing design models like sequence and state diagrams, and specifying interfaces. Design patterns are also introduced as a way to reuse solutions to common problems.
The document discusses architectural design, including:
- Architectural design determines how a software system is organized and structured. It identifies the main components and relationships.
- Architectural views show different perspectives of a system, such as logical, process, development, and physical views. Common patterns like model-view-controller and layered architectures are also covered.
- Architectural decisions impact system characteristics like performance, security, and maintainability. Common application architectures are also discussed.
This document discusses system modeling and different types of models used in system modeling. It covers context models, interaction models, structural models, behavioral models, and model-driven engineering. Some key points include:
- System modeling involves developing abstract models of a system from different perspectives or views. Models are often developed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
- Common model types include use case diagrams, sequence diagrams, class diagrams, state diagrams, and activity diagrams.
- Structural models show the organization and structure of a system. Behavioral models show the system's dynamic behavior and responses to events.
- Model-driven engineering is an approach where models rather than code are the primary outputs and code is generated
The document discusses requirements engineering processes. It covers topics such as functional and non-functional requirements, requirements elicitation, specification, validation and change. Requirements elicitation involves discovering requirements through interviews, ethnography and scenarios/stories with stakeholders. Requirements must be specified precisely and consistently. Non-functional requirements constrain the system and can be more critical than functional requirements. An iterative spiral process is used involving elicitation, analysis, validation and specification.
The document discusses agile software development methods. It covers topics like agile methods, techniques, and project management. Rapid and iterative development is emphasized to quickly adapt to changing requirements. Methods like Extreme Programming (XP) use practices like user stories, test-driven development, pair programming, and continuous refactoring to develop working software in short iterations.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
2. Topics covered
Security and dependability
Security and organizations
Security requirements
Secure systems design
Security testing and assurance
Chapter 13 Security Engineering 2
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3. Security engineering
Tools, techniques and methods to support the
development and maintenance of systems that can resist
malicious attacks that are intended to damage a
computer-based system or its data.
A sub-field of the broader field of computer security.
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4. Security dimensions
Confidentiality
Information in a system may be disclosed or made accessible to
people or programs that are not authorized to have access to
that information.
Integrity
Information in a system may be damaged or corrupted making it
unusual or unreliable.
Availability
Access to a system or its data that is normally available may not
be possible.
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5. Security levels
Infrastructure security, which is concerned with
maintaining the security of all systems and networks that
provide an infrastructure and a set of shared services to
the organization.
Application security, which is concerned with the security
of individual application systems or related groups of
systems.
Operational security, which is concerned with the secure
operation and use of the organization’s systems.
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6. System layers where security may be
compromised
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7. Application/infrastructure security
Application security is a software engineering problem
where the system is designed to resist attacks.
Infrastructure security is a systems management
problem where the infrastructure is configured to resist
attacks.
The focus of this chapter is application security rather
than infrastructure security.
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8. System security management
User and permission management
Adding and removing users from the system and setting up
appropriate permissions for users
Software deployment and maintenance
Installing application software and middleware and configuring
these systems so that vulnerabilities are avoided.
Attack monitoring, detection and recovery
Monitoring the system for unauthorized access, design
strategies for resisting attacks and develop backup and recovery
strategies.
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9. Operational security
Primarily a human and social issue
Concerned with ensuring the people do not take actions
that may compromise system security
E.g. Tell others passwords, leave computers logged on
Users sometimes take insecure actions to make it easier
for them to do their jobs
There is therefore a trade-off between system security
and system effectiveness.
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11. Security
The security of a system is a system property that
reflects the system’s ability to protect itself from
accidental or deliberate external attack.
Security is essential as most systems are networked so
that external access to the system through the Internet is
possible.
Security is an essential pre-requisite for availability,
reliability and safety.
11
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12. Fundamental security
If a system is a networked system and is insecure then
statements about its reliability and its safety are
unreliable.
These statements depend on the executing system and
the developed system being the same. However,
intrusion can change the executing system and/or its
data.
Therefore, the reliability and safety assurance is no
longer valid.
12
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13. Security terminology
Term Definition
Asset Something of value which has to be protected. The asset may be the software
system itself or data used by that system.
Attack An exploitation of a system’s vulnerability. Generally, this is from outside the
system and is a deliberate attempt to cause some damage.
Control A protective measure that reduces a system’s vulnerability. Encryption is an
example of a control that reduces a vulnerability of a weak access control
system
Exposure Possible loss or harm to a computing system. This can be loss or damage to
data, or can be a loss of time and effort if recovery is necessary after a security
breach.
Threat Circumstances that have potential to cause loss or harm. You can think of these
as a system vulnerability that is subjected to an attack.
Vulnerability A weakness in a computer-based system that may be exploited to cause loss or
harm.
13
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14. Examples of security terminology (Mentcare)
Term Example
Asset The records of each patient that is receiving or has received treatment.
Exposure Potential financial loss from future patients who do not seek treatment
because they do not trust the clinic to maintain their data. Financial loss
from legal action by the sports star. Loss of reputation.
Vulnerability A weak password system which makes it easy for users to set
guessable passwords. User ids that are the same as names.
Attack An impersonation of an authorized user.
Threat An unauthorized user will gain access to the system by guessing the
credentials (login name and password) of an authorized user.
Control A password checking system that disallows user passwords that are
proper names or words that are normally included in a dictionary.
14
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15. Threat types
Interception threats that allow an attacker to gain access
to an asset.
A possible threat to the Mentcare system might be a situation
where an attacker gains access to the records of an individual
patient.
Interruption threats that allow an attacker to make part of
the system unavailable.
A possible threat might be a denial of service attack on a system
database server so that database connections become
impossible.
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16. Threat types
Modification threats that allow an attacker to tamper with
a system asset.
In the Mentcare system, a modification threat would be where an
attacker alters or destroys a patient record.
Fabrication threats that allow an attacker to insert false
information into a system.
This is perhaps not a credible threat in the Mentcare system but
would be a threat in a banking system, where false transactions
might be added to the system that transfer money to the
perpetrator’s bank account.
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17. Security assurance
Vulnerability avoidance
The system is designed so that vulnerabilities do not occur. For
example, if there is no external network connection then external
attack is impossible
Attack detection and elimination
The system is designed so that attacks on vulnerabilities are
detected and neutralised before they result in an exposure. For
example, virus checkers find and remove viruses before they
infect a system
Exposure limitation and recovery
The system is designed so that the adverse consequences of a
successful attack are minimised. For example, a backup policy
allows damaged information to be restored
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18. Security and dependability
Security and reliability
If a system is attacked and the system or its data are corrupted
as a consequence of that attack, then this may induce system
failures that compromise the reliability of the system.
Security and availability
A common attack on a web-based system is a denial of service
attack, where a web server is flooded with service requests from
a range of different sources. The aim of this attack is to make the
system unavailable.
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19. Security and dependability
Security and safety
An attack that corrupts the system or its data means that
assumptions about safety may not hold. Safety checks rely on
analysing the source code of safety critical software and assume
the executing code is a completely accurate translation of that
source code. If this is not the case, safety-related failures may be
induced and the safety case made for the software is invalid.
Security and resilience
Resilience is a system characteristic that reflects its ability to
resist and recover from damaging events. The most probable
damaging event on networked software systems is a cyberattack
of some kind so most of the work now done in resilience is
aimed at deterring, detecting and recovering from such attacks.
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21. Security is a business issue
Security is expensive and it is important that security
decisions are made in a cost-effective way
There is no point in spending more than the value of an asset to
keep that asset secure.
Organizations use a risk-based approach to support
security decision making and should have a defined
security policy based on security risk analysis
Security risk analysis is a business rather than a
technical process
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22. Organizational security policies
Security policies should set out general information
access strategies that should apply across the
organization.
The point of security policies is to inform everyone in an
organization about security so these should not be long
and detailed technical documents.
From a security engineering perspective, the security
policy defines, in broad terms, the security goals of the
organization.
The security engineering process is concerned with
implementing these goals.
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23. Security policies
The assets that must be protected
It is not cost-effective to apply stringent security procedures to all
organizational assets. Many assets are not confidential and can
be made freely available.
The level of protection that is required for different types
of asset
For sensitive personal information, a high level of security is
required; for other information, the consequences of loss may be
minor so a lower level of security is adequate.
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24. Security policies
The responsibilities of individual users, managers and
the organization
The security policy should set out what is expected of users e.g.
strong passwords, log out of computers, office security, etc.
Existing security procedures and technologies that
should be maintained
For reasons of practicality and cost, it may be essential to
continue to use existing approaches to security even where
these have known limitations.
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25. Security risk assessment and management
Risk assessment and management is concerned with
assessing the possible losses that might ensue from
attacks on the system and balancing these losses
against the costs of security procedures that may reduce
these losses.
Risk management should be driven by an organisational
security policy.
Risk management involves
Preliminary risk assessment
Life cycle risk assessment
Operational risk assessment
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26. Preliminary risk assessment
The aim of this initial risk assessment is to identify
generic risks that are applicable to the system and to
decide if an adequate level of security can be achieved
at a reasonable cost.
The risk assessment should focus on the identification
and analysis of high-level risks to the system.
The outcomes of the risk assessment process are used
to help identify security requirements.
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27. Design risk assessment
This risk assessment takes place during the system
development life cycle and is informed by the technical
system design and implementation decisions.
The results of the assessment may lead to changes to
the security requirements and the addition of new
requirements.
Known and potential vulnerabilities are identified, and
this knowledge is used to inform decision making about
the system functionality and how it is to be implemented,
tested, and deployed.
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28. Operational risk assessment
This risk assessment process focuses on the use of the
system and the possible risks that can arise from human
behavior.
Operational risk assessment should continue after a
system has been installed to take account of how the
system is used.
Organizational changes may mean that the system is
used in different ways from those originally planned.
These changes lead to new security requirements that
have to be implemented as the system evolves.
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30. Security specification
Security specification has something in common with safety
requirements specification – in both cases, your concern is to avoid
something bad happening.
Four major differences
Safety problems are accidental – the software is not operating in a
hostile environment. In security, you must assume that attackers have
knowledge of system weaknesses
When safety failures occur, you can look for the root cause or weakness
that led to the failure. When failure results from a deliberate attack, the
attacker may conceal the cause of the failure.
Shutting down a system can avoid a safety-related failure. Causing a
shut down may be the aim of an attack.
Safety-related events are not generated from an intelligent adversary.
An attacker can probe defenses over time to discover weaknesses.
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32. Security requirement classification
Risk avoidance requirements set out the risks that
should be avoided by designing the system so that these
risks simply cannot arise.
Risk detection requirements define mechanisms that
identify the risk if it arises and neutralise the risk before
losses occur.
Risk mitigation requirements set out how the system
should be designed so that it can recover from and
restore system assets after some loss has occurred.
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33. The preliminary risk assessment process for
security requirements
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34. Security risk assessment
Asset identification
Identify the key system assets (or services) that have to be
protected.
Asset value assessment
Estimate the value of the identified assets.
Exposure assessment
Assess the potential losses associated with each asset.
Threat identification
Identify the most probable threats to the system assets
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35. Security risk assessment
Attack assessment
Decompose threats into possible attacks on the system and the
ways that these may occur.
Control identification
Propose the controls that may be put in place to protect an
asset.
Feasibility assessment
Assess the technical feasibility and cost of the controls.
Security requirements definition
Define system security requirements. These can be
infrastructure or application system requirements.
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36. Asset analysis in a preliminary risk assessment
report for the Mentcare system
Asset Value Exposure
The information system High. Required to support all
clinical consultations. Potentially
safety-critical.
High. Financial loss as clinics
may have to be canceled. Costs
of restoring system. Possible
patient harm if treatment cannot
be prescribed.
The patient database High. Required to support all
clinical consultations. Potentially
safety-critical.
High. Financial loss as clinics
may have to be canceled. Costs
of restoring system. Possible
patient harm if treatment cannot
be prescribed.
An individual patient record Normally low although may be
high for specific high-profile
patients.
Low direct losses but possible
loss of reputation.
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37. Threat and control analysis in a preliminary risk
assessment report
Threat Probability Control Feasibility
An unauthorized user
gains access as
system manager and
makes system
unavailable
Low Only allow system
management from
specific locations that are
physically secure.
Low cost of implementation but
care must be taken with key
distribution and to ensure that
keys are available in the event
of an emergency.
An unauthorized user
gains access as
system user and
accesses confidential
information
High Require all users to
authenticate themselves
using a biometric
mechanism.
Log all changes to
patient information to
track system usage.
Technically feasible but high-
cost solution. Possible user
resistance.
Simple and transparent to
implement and also supports
recovery.
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38. Security requirements for the Mentcare system
Patient information shall be downloaded at the start of a
clinic session to a secure area on the system client that
is used by clinical staff.
All patient information on the system client shall be
encrypted.
Patient information shall be uploaded to the database
after a clinic session has finished and deleted from the
client computer.
A log on a separate computer from the database server
must be maintained of all changes made to the system
database.
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39. Misuse cases
Misuse cases are instances of threats to a system
Interception threats
Attacker gains access to an asset
Interruption threats
Attacker makes part of a system unavailable
Modification threats
A system asset if tampered with
Fabrication threats
False information is added to a system
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41. Mentcare use case – Transfer data
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Mentcare system: Transfer data
Actors Medical receptionist, Patient records system (PRS)
Description A receptionist may transfer data from the Mentcare system to a
general patient record database that is maintained by a health
authority. The information transferred may either be updated
personal information (address, phone number, etc.) or a
summary of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment.
Data Patient’s personal information, treatment summary.
Stimulus User command issued by medical receptionist.
Response Confirmation that PRS has been updated.
Comments The receptionist must have appropriate security permissions to
access the patient information and the PRS.
42. Mentcare misuse case: Intercept transfer
Mentcare system: Intercept transfer (Misuse case)
Actors Medical receptionist, Patient records system (PRS), Attacker
Description A receptionist transfers data from his or her PC to the Mentcare
system on the server. An attacker intercepts the data transfer and
takes a copy of that data.
Data
(assets)
Patient’s personal information, treatment summary
Attacks A network monitor is added to the system and packets from the
receptionist to the server are intercepted.
A spoof server is set up between the receptionist and the
database server so that receptionist believes they are interacting
with the real system.
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43. Misuse case: Intercept transfer
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Mentcare system: Intercept transfer (Misuse case)
Mitigations All networking equipment must be maintained in a locked
room. Engineers accessing the equipment must be
accredited.
All data transfers between the client and server must be
encrypted.
Certificate-based client-server communication must be
used
Requirements All communications between the client and the server
must use the Secure Socket Layer (SSL). The https
protocol uses certificate based authentication and
encryption.
45. Secure systems design
Security should be designed into a system – it is very
difficult to make an insecure system secure after it has
been designed or implemented
Architectural design
how do architectural design decisions affect the security of a
system?
Good practice
what is accepted good practice when designing secure systems?
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46. Design compromises
Adding security features to a system to enhance its
security affects other attributes of the system
Performance
Additional security checks slow down a system so its response
time or throughput may be affected
Usability
Security measures may require users to remember information
or require additional interactions to complete a transaction. This
makes the system less usable and can frustrate system users.
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47. Design risk assessment
Risk assessment while the system is being developed
and after it has been deployed
More information is available - system platform,
middleware and the system architecture and data
organisation.
Vulnerabilities that arise from design choices may
therefore be identified.
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49. Protection requirements
Protection requirements may be generated when
knowledge of information representation and system
distribution
Separating patient and treatment information limits the
amount of information (personal patient data) that needs
to be protected
Maintaining copies of records on a local client protects
against denial of service attacks on the server
But these may need to be encrypted
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51. Design decisions from use of COTS
System users authenticated using a name/password
combination.
The system architecture is client-server with clients
accessing the system through a standard web browser.
Information is presented as an editable web form.
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53. Security requirements
A password checker shall be made available and shall
be run daily. Weak passwords shall be reported to
system administrators.
Access to the system shall only be allowed by approved
client computers.
All client computers shall have a single, approved web
browser installed by system administrators.
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54. Architectural design
Two fundamental issues have to be considered when
designing an architecture for security.
Protection
• How should the system be organised so that critical assets can be
protected against external attack?
Distribution
• How should system assets be distributed so that the effects of a
successful attack are minimized?
These are potentially conflicting
If assets are distributed, then they are more expensive to protect.
If assets are protected, then usability and performance
requirements may be compromised.
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55. Protection
Platform-level protection
Top-level controls on the platform on which a system runs.
Application-level protection
Specific protection mechanisms built into the application itself
e.g. additional password protection.
Record-level protection
Protection that is invoked when access to specific information is
requested
These lead to a layered protection architecture
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57. Distribution
Distributing assets means that attacks on one system do
not necessarily lead to complete loss of system service
Each platform has separate protection features and may
be different from other platforms so that they do not
share a common vulnerability
Distribution is particularly important if the risk of denial of
service attacks is high
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59. Design guidelines for security engineering
Design guidelines encapsulate good practice in secure
systems design
Design guidelines serve two purposes:
They raise awareness of security issues in a software
engineering team. Security is considered when design decisions
are made.
They can be used as the basis of a review checklist that is
applied during the system validation process.
Design guidelines here are applicable during software
specification and design
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60. Design guidelines for secure systems
engineering
Security guidelines
Base security decisions on an explicit security policy
Avoid a single point of failure
Fail securely
Balance security and usability
Log user actions
Use redundancy and diversity to reduce risk
Specify the format of all system inputs
Compartmentalize your assets
Design for deployment
Design for recoverability
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61. Design guidelines 1-3
Base decisions on an explicit security policy
Define a security policy for the organization that sets out the
fundamental security requirements that should apply to all
organizational systems.
Avoid a single point of failure
Ensure that a security failure can only result when there is more
than one failure in security procedures. For example, have
password and question-based authentication.
Fail securely
When systems fail, for whatever reason, ensure that sensitive
information cannot be accessed by unauthorized users even
although normal security procedures are unavailable.
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62. Design guidelines 4-6
Balance security and usability
Try to avoid security procedures that make the system difficult to
use. Sometimes you have to accept weaker security to make the
system more usable.
Log user actions
Maintain a log of user actions that can be analyzed to discover
who did what. If users know about such a log, they are less likely
to behave in an irresponsible way.
Use redundancy and diversity to reduce risk
Keep multiple copies of data and use diverse infrastructure so
that an infrastructure vulnerability cannot be the single point of
failure.
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63. Design guidelines 7-10
Specify the format of all system inputs
If input formats are known then you can check that all inputs are
within range so that unexpected inputs don’t cause problems.
Compartmentalize your assets
Organize the system so that assets are in separate areas and
users only have access to the information that they need rather
than all system information.
Design for deployment
Design the system to avoid deployment problems
Design for recoverability
Design the system to simplify recoverability after a successful
attack.
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65. Aspects of secure systems programming
Vulnerabilities are often language-specific.
Array bound checking is automatic in languages like Java so this
is not a vulnerability that can be exploited in Java programs.
However, millions of programs are written in C and C++ as these
allow for the development of more efficient software so simply
avoiding the use of these languages is not a realistic option.
Security vulnerabilities are closely related to program
reliability.
Programs without array bound checking can crash so actions
taken to improve program reliability can also improve system
security.
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66. Dependable programming guidelines
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Dependable programming guidelines
1. Limit the visibility of information in a program
2. Check all inputs for validity
3. Provide a handler for all exceptions
4. Minimize the use of error-prone constructs
5. Provide restart capabilities
6. Check array bounds
7. Include timeouts when calling external components
8. Name all constants that represent real-world values
68. Security testing
Testing the extent to which the system can protect itself
from external attacks.
Problems with security testing
Security requirements are ‘shall not’ requirements i.e. they
specify what should not happen. It is not usually possible to
define security requirements as simple constraints that can be
checked by the system.
The people attacking a system are intelligent and look for
vulnerabilities. They can experiment to discover weaknesses
and loopholes in the system.
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69. Security validation
Experience-based testing
The system is reviewed and analysed against the types of attack
that are known to the validation team.
Penetration testing
A team is established whose goal is to breach the security of the
system by simulating attacks on the system.
Tool-based analysis
Various security tools such as password checkers are used to
analyse the system in operation.
Formal verification
The system is verified against a formal security specification.
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70. Examples of entries in a security checklist
Security checklist
1. Do all files that are created in the application have appropriate access permissions?
The wrong access permissions may lead to these files being accessed by unauthorized
users.
2. Does the system automatically terminate user sessions after a period of inactivity?
Sessions that are left active may allow unauthorized access through an unattended
computer.
3. If the system is written in a programming language without array bound checking, are
there situations where buffer overflow may be exploited? Buffer overflow may allow
attackers to send code strings to the system and then execute them.
4. If passwords are set, does the system check that passwords are ‘strong’? Strong
passwords consist of mixed letters, numbers, and punctuation, and are not normal
dictionary entries. They are more difficult to break than simple passwords.
5. Are inputs from the system’s environment always checked against an input
specification? Incorrect processing of badly formed inputs is a common cause of
security vulnerabilities.
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71. Key points
Security engineering is concerned with how to develop
systems that can resist malicious attacks
Security threats can be threats to confidentiality, integrity
or availability of a system or its data
Security risk management is concerned with assessing
possible losses from attacks and deriving security
requirements to minimise losses
To specify security requirements, you should identify the
assets that are to be protected and define how security
techniques and technology should be used to protect
these assets.
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72. Key points
Key issues when designing a secure systems
architecture include organizing the system structure to
protect key assets and distributing the system assets to
minimize the losses from a successful attack.
Security design guidelines sensitize system designers to
security issues that they may not have considered. They
provide a basis for creating security review checklists.
Security validation is difficult because security
requirements state what should not happen in a system,
rather than what should. Furthermore, system attackers
are intelligent and may have more time to probe for
weaknesses than is available for security testing.
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