Cyber security professionals are in high demand, and those willing to learn new skills to enter the area will have plenty of opportunities. Our goal is to present you with the most comprehensive selection of cybersecurity interview questions available.

1. Top 10 Cybersecurity Interview
Questions and Answers for
Freshers
If any student completed their degree in any field so his last moto was
A well-trained army of cyber-warriors must be in place to predict, identify, and
block cyber-attacks in order to protect the digital world. Cyber security
professionals are in high demand, and those willing to learn new skills to enter the
area will have plenty of opportunities. Our goal is to present you with the most
comprehensive selection of cybersecurity interview questions available.
Following are frequently asked questions in interviews for freshers as well as
experienced cyber security certification candidates.
Introduction to Cyber Security:
Cybersecurity is the process of preventing hostile assaults on internet-connected systems such
computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data. Cybersecurity is divided into
two categories: cyber and security. The term "cyber" covers a wide spectrum of technologies, including
computers, networks, software, and data. In contrast, security is concerned with the protection of
systems, networks, applications, and data. In some cases, it's also known as electronic information
security or information technology security. "A combination of technologies, methods, and practices
aimed at preventing assaults, theft, damage, alteration, or unauthorized access to networks, devices,
programs, and data" is how cyber security is defined. To put it another way, Cyber Security is a set of ideas
and methods for safeguarding our computing resources.
Importance of Cyber Security:
We currently live in a digital era in which the internet, computers, and other electronic devices, as well as
software programs, play an important role in our daily lives. The banking system, hospitals, financial
institutions, governments, and manufacturing enterprises all operate their operations using Internet-
connected equipment. Unauthorized access or disclosure to some of their data, such as intellectual
property, financial data, and personal information, could have serious consequences. Intruders and threat
actors can utilize this information to obtain access to their systems for monetary gain, extortion, political
or social causes, or simple devastation.

2. Cyber-attacks that damage the system are becoming a global problem, and other security breaches might
put the world economy in jeopardy. As a result, it's vital to have a solid cybersecurity policy in place to
protect sensitive data against high-profile security breaches. Furthermore, as the number of cyber-attacks
increases, businesses and organizations, particularly those dealing with sensitive business and personal
data such as national security, health, or financial records, must implement strong cybersecurity measures
and processes to protect their sensitive data.
Cyber Security Interview Questions for Freshers
1. What is the main objective of Cyber Security?
Data protection is the basic purpose of cyber security. The security industry proposes a triangle of three
interconnected concepts to protect data from cyber-attacks. This principle is known as the CIA trio. The
CIA model is designed to assist businesses in creating policies for their information security architecture.
When a security breach is identified, one or more of these principles has been broken. The three
components of the CIA model are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It's a security paradigm that
walks people through a variety of IT security issues. Let's look at each section in more detail.
Confidentiality: In the same way as privacy protects illegal access to data, confidentiality does. It
comprises ensuring that only those who are authorized to use the data have access to it, as well as
preventing access to others. It prevents sensitive data from falling into the wrong hands. Data encryption
is an excellent example of information security.

3. Integrity: This principle ensures that the data is authentic, correct, and free of malicious actors or
unintended user manipulation. If any changes are made, safeguards should be put in place to protect
sensitive data from corruption or loss, as well as to quickly recover from such an event. It also implies that
the information source must be reliable.
Availability: This principle ensures that information is always accessible and useful to those who need it.
It ensures that these accesses are not hampered by system faults or cyber-attacks.
2. Differentiate between threat, vulnerability and risk.
Threat: Any hazard that has the potential to damage or steal data, disrupt operations, or cause harm in
general is considered a threat. Threats include malware, phishing, data leaks, and even unethical workers.
Individuals or groups with a range of backgrounds and goals, known as threat actors, make threats.
Understanding risks is critical for designing effective countermeasures and making educated cybersecurity
decisions. Information on threats and threat actors is known as threat intelligence.
A Vulnerability is a defect in hardware, software, personnel, or procedures that threat actors can use to
accomplish their goals.
Vulnerabilities include physical vulnerabilities like publicly accessible networking equipment, software
vulnerabilities like a buffer overflow vulnerability in a browser, and even human vulnerabilities like an
employee prone to phishing attacks.
The process of finding, disclosing, and resolving vulnerabilities is known as vulnerability management. A
zero-day vulnerability is one for which there is currently no known solution.
Risk is formed by combining the probability of a threat and the consequence of a vulnerability. In other
words, the risk is the probability that a threat agent would successfully exploit a vulnerability, which may
be estimated using the formula:
Risk = Likelihood of a threat * Vulnerability Impact
The process of recognizing all potential threats, analyzing their impact, and selecting the best course of
action is known as risk management. It's a never-ending process that constantly looks for new threats and
vulnerabilities. Depending on the response, risks can be avoided, managed, accepted, or passed on to a
third party.
3. What does XSS stand for? How can it be prevented?
Cross-site scripting is referred to as XSS. It's a type of online security issue that lets an attacker control
how users interact with a vulnerable application. It enables an attacker to circumvent the same-origin
policy, which is intended to keep websites separate. Cross-site scripting issues allow an attacker to
impersonate a victim user and do any actions or access any data that the user is capable of. The attacker
may be able to gain complete control of the app's functionality and data if the target user has privileged
access to it.
Depending on the application's sophistication and how it manages user-controllable data, preventing
cross-site scripting can be straightforward in certain cases but far more complicated in others. To prevent
XSS vulnerabilities, a combination of the following measures will almost probably be required:

4. Filter the input when it arrives. Filter user input as exactly as possible as soon as it arrives, based on what
is expected or valid.
Encode the data on the output. To avoid being misinterpreted as active content, encode user-controllable
data in HTTP answers at the point of output. A combination of HTML, URL, JavaScript, and CSS encoding
may be necessary depending on the output context.
Make use of headers that are appropriate for the answer. The Content-Type and X-Content-Type-
Options headers can be used to ensure that browsers read HTTP responses the way you want them to,
preventing XSS in HTTP responses that aren't supposed to contain HTML or JavaScript.
Content Security Policy. To lessen the severity of any lingering XSS concerns, you can use Content Security
Policy (CSP) as a last line of protection.
4. What is a Firewall?
Between a LAN and the Internet, a firewall acts as a barrier. It keeps private information private while
decreasing security risks. It controls network traffic both inbound and outbound.
The diagram below depicts a sample firewall between a LAN and the internet. The connection between
the two is the point of vulnerability. Both hardware and software can now be used to filter network data.
Network layer filters are used in one form of firewall system, while user, application, or network layer
proxy servers are used in the other.
5. Define VPN.
A virtual private network is referred to as VPN. It allows you to connect your computer to a private
network and establish an encrypted connection that masks your IP address, letting you to share files and
access the internet privately while protecting your online identity.

5. A virtual private network, or VPN, is an encrypted Internet connection between a device and a network.
The secure transfer of sensitive data is aided by the encrypted connection. It protects against illicit traffic
eavesdropping and allows the user to work from anywhere. VPN technology is widely employed in
corporate settings.
6. What are the benefits of Cyber Security?
The following are some of the advantages of putting cybersecurity in place and keeping it up to date:
Businesses are protected from cyberattacks and data breaches.
Both data and network security are safeguarded.
Unauthorized user access is kept to a minimum.
There is a quicker recovery time after a breach.
Protection for end-users and endpoint devices.
Regulatory compliance.
Operational consistency.
Developers, partners, consumers, stakeholders, and employees have a higher level of trust in the
company's reputation.
7. What do you mean by a botnet?

6. A botnet is a group of internet-connected devices infected with malware and controlled by it, such as
servers, PCs, and mobile phones.
It's used to steal data, send spam, conduct DDoS attacks, and more, as well as provide the user access to
the device and its connection.
8. What do you mean by honeypots?
Honeypots are attack targets put up to study how different attackers try to exploit vulnerabilities. The
same idea, which is extensively utilised in academic settings, can be employed by private companies and
governments to assess their risks.
9. What do you mean by a Null Session?
When a user is not authorized using either a username or a password, a null session occurs. Because it
suggests that the person making the request is unknown, it can provide a security risk for apps.
10. What are the common types of cyber security attacks?
The common types of cyber security attacks are:
Malware
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Denial-of-Service (DoS)
Domain Name System Attack
Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
SQL Injection Attack
Phishing
Session Hijacking
Brute Force
11. What do you mean by brute force in the context of Cyber Security?
A brute force attack is a cryptographic attack that use a trial-and-error method to guess all possible
combinations until the correct data is found. Cybercriminals frequently utilize this exploit to steal personal

7. information like passwords, login credentials, encryption keys, and PINs. This is fairly simple for hackers
to implement.
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