During the Middle Ages in Europe between 1000-1500 CE: 1) Trade revival led to the growth of cities and towns which became centers of manufacturing and commerce. 2) Europe experienced many hardships in the 14th-15th centuries including the Black Death plague, which killed over half the population in some areas, the Hundred Years War between England and France, and decline of the Catholic Church. 3) Advances in farming technology and policies led to increases in food production and a near doubling of Europe's population from 38 to 74 million.

1. Chapter 10 Europe in the Middle Ages 1000 - 1500

9. Heavier Plow

11. Montagnana, Italy Towns Grew

12. The Black Death "The Triumph of Death"

15. Source of the Black Death

16. The bacteria multiply inside the flea, sticking together to form a plug that blocks its stomach and causes it to become very hungry. The flea then voraciously bites a host and continues to feed, even though it is unable to satisfy its hunger. During the feeding process, blood cannot flow into the blocked stomach, and consequently the flea vomits blood tainted with the bacteria back into the bite wound. The Bubonic plague bacteria then infects a new host, and the flea eventually dies from starvation.

17. Bubonic plague becomes evident three to seven days after the infection. Initial symptoms are chills, fever, diarrhea, headaches, and the swelling of the infected lymph nodes, as the bacteria replicate there. If untreated, the rate of mortality for bubonic plague is 50%. In septicemic plague there is bleeding into the skin and other organs, which creates black patches on the skin. There are bite-like bumps on the skin, commonly red and sometimes white in the center. Untreated septicemic plague is universally fatal, but early treatment with antibiotics reduces the mortality rate to 4 to 15%. [1] [2] [3] People who die from this form of plague often die on the same day symptoms first appear.

21. Cross bow

22. Long Bow

23. Hundred Years' War

24. Joan of Arc

26. Joan of Arc at the Stake