1) Embedded computing systems are programmable computers designed for specialized applications rather than general-purpose use. They are found in devices like cell phones, cars, appliances. 2) Early embedded systems date to the 1940s but microprocessors enabled more complex embedded applications starting in the 1970s. Modern vehicles can have over 100 microprocessors controlling various functions. 3) Embedded system design faces challenges like meeting deadlines, minimizing power consumption, and tight design timelines with small teams. Methodical design processes help address these challenges.

3. Embedding a computer © 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components CPU mem input output analog analog embedded computer

11. BMW 850i, cont’d. © 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components brake sensor brake sensor brake sensor brake sensor ABS hydraulic pump

28. Levels of abstraction © 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components, 2 nd ed. requirements specification architecture component design system integration

33. Our requirements form © 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components, 2 nd ed.

37. GPS moving map requirements form © 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components, 2 nd ed.

41. GPS moving map block diagram © 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components, 2 nd ed. GPS receiver search engine renderer user interface database display

42. GPS moving map hardware architecture © 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components, 2 nd ed. GPS receiver CPU panel I/O display frame buffer memory

43. GPS moving map software architecture © 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components, 2 nd ed. position database search renderer timer user interface pixels