This document provides an introduction to PIC microcontrollers. It discusses the architecture of PIC microcontrollers, including the 16C6x and 16C7x architectures. It describes the registers, memory, and instruction set of PIC microcontrollers. Some key points covered include the Harvard architecture, pipelining, addressing modes, arithmetic, logical, and conditional instructions. Peripherals like timers and interrupts are also mentioned.
The PIC microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memories. It has a CPU with an ALU, memory unit, and control unit. The memory includes program memory to store instructions, data memory including registers for temporary data storage, and EEPROM for storing variables. It has advantages like a small instruction set, low cost, and built-in interfaces like I2C, SPI, and analog components.
This presentation gives an overview of the PIC micro-controllers. Additionally, it describes the advantages, disadvantages and applications of these micro-controllers. It also explains real-world projects that are possible using the PIC micro-controllers.
This document discusses various serial communication protocols used in embedded systems including RS-232, RS-485, I2C, SPI, CAN, and USB. It provides details on the voltage levels, maximum speeds, cable lengths, and other specifications of each protocol. It explains how differential signaling and twisted pair cables allow RS-485 to communicate over longer distances and faster speeds compared to RS-232.
I2C is a serial protocol for two-wire interface to connect low-speed devices like microcontrollers, EEPROMs, A/D and D/A converters, I/O interfaces and other similar peripherals in embedded systems. It was invented by Philips and now it is used by almost all major IC manufacturers. Each I2C slave device needs an address – they must still be obtained from NXP (formerly Philips semiconductors).
This document provides an introduction to pins, ports, and configuring pins on the ARM LPC2148 microcontroller. It discusses pin configuration, the different ports on the LPC2148, and how to configure pins as inputs, outputs, or alternate functions using the various IO registers. It also provides an example program for blinking an LED connected to pin P1.16 to demonstrate basic pin configuration and output. The document concludes with an assignment to draw the LED blinking circuit and modify the program to blink LEDs on pins P0.16 through P0.23.
The document describes the 8051 microcontroller, its features which include 4 I/O ports, 2 timers, serial communication interface, and interrupts. It discusses the internal architecture such as memory organization, registers, and oscillator circuit. The document also provides details on the ports, timers, serial communication, and power modes of the 8051 microcontroller.
The SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a synchronous serial communication protocol used for communication between devices. It uses a master-slave architecture with a single master device initiating data transfer. Key features include using separate clock and data lines, operating in full duplex mode, and allowing multiple slave devices through individual chip selects. It provides a lower pin count solution than parallel buses at the cost of slower communication speeds.
This Presentation describes the ARM CORTEX M3 core processor with the details of the core peripherals. Soon a CORTEX base controller(STM32F100RBT6) ppt will be uploaded. For more information mail me at:gaurav.iitkg@gmail.com.
The PIC microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memories. It has a CPU with an ALU, memory unit, and control unit. The memory includes program memory to store instructions, data memory including registers for temporary data storage, and EEPROM for storing variables. It has advantages like a small instruction set, low cost, and built-in interfaces like I2C, SPI, and analog components.
This presentation gives an overview of the PIC micro-controllers. Additionally, it describes the advantages, disadvantages and applications of these micro-controllers. It also explains real-world projects that are possible using the PIC micro-controllers.
This document discusses various serial communication protocols used in embedded systems including RS-232, RS-485, I2C, SPI, CAN, and USB. It provides details on the voltage levels, maximum speeds, cable lengths, and other specifications of each protocol. It explains how differential signaling and twisted pair cables allow RS-485 to communicate over longer distances and faster speeds compared to RS-232.
I2C is a serial protocol for two-wire interface to connect low-speed devices like microcontrollers, EEPROMs, A/D and D/A converters, I/O interfaces and other similar peripherals in embedded systems. It was invented by Philips and now it is used by almost all major IC manufacturers. Each I2C slave device needs an address – they must still be obtained from NXP (formerly Philips semiconductors).
This document provides an introduction to pins, ports, and configuring pins on the ARM LPC2148 microcontroller. It discusses pin configuration, the different ports on the LPC2148, and how to configure pins as inputs, outputs, or alternate functions using the various IO registers. It also provides an example program for blinking an LED connected to pin P1.16 to demonstrate basic pin configuration and output. The document concludes with an assignment to draw the LED blinking circuit and modify the program to blink LEDs on pins P0.16 through P0.23.
The document describes the 8051 microcontroller, its features which include 4 I/O ports, 2 timers, serial communication interface, and interrupts. It discusses the internal architecture such as memory organization, registers, and oscillator circuit. The document also provides details on the ports, timers, serial communication, and power modes of the 8051 microcontroller.
The SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a synchronous serial communication protocol used for communication between devices. It uses a master-slave architecture with a single master device initiating data transfer. Key features include using separate clock and data lines, operating in full duplex mode, and allowing multiple slave devices through individual chip selects. It provides a lower pin count solution than parallel buses at the cost of slower communication speeds.
This Presentation describes the ARM CORTEX M3 core processor with the details of the core peripherals. Soon a CORTEX base controller(STM32F100RBT6) ppt will be uploaded. For more information mail me at:gaurav.iitkg@gmail.com.
The document discusses small microcontrollers, specifically the Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller. It provides details on the architecture of the MSP430, including its CPU, memory types and organization, peripherals, and pin layout. It describes the features that enable low power usage, such as various power modes and an internal digitally controlled oscillator. It also discusses programming languages commonly used for small microcontrollers like the MSP430.
This presentation discusses the details of the I2C protocol and interfacing of EEPROM with 8051 based on I2C protocol. It also discusses the other applications of I2C protocol
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller, including its architecture, pin configuration, memory organization, timers, interrupts, and interfacing capabilities. It describes the 8051's features like on-chip RAM, ROM, timers and low power consumption which make it suitable for control applications. The document outlines the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and covers various interfacing examples like switches, LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, ADCs and relay interfacing. It concludes with common applications of the 8051 such as in automobiles, industrial processing, robotics and consumer electronics.
This presentation discusses the Serial Communication features in 8051, the support for UART. It also discusses serial vs parallel communication, simplex, duplex and full-duplex modes, MAX232, RS232 standards
The PIC 16F877A microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses. It has 8kB of flash memory, 368 bytes of RAM, and 256 bytes of EEPROM. It features five I/O ports, three timers, USART serial communication, and 15 interrupt sources. Instructions are in RISC format and execute in 4 machine cycles, with most instructions completing in one cycle.
The document discusses various aspects of the ARM-7 architecture including its addressing modes, instruction set, and data processing instructions. It describes 9 different addressing modes including immediate, absolute, indirect, register, register indirect, base plus offset, base plus index, base plus scaled index, and stack addressing. It also provides details about the ARM instruction set, Thumb instruction set, and I/O system. Examples are given to illustrate different instructions such as MOV, SUB, ORR, CMP, MUL, branch instructions, LDR, STR, and SWI.
Presents features of ARM Processors, ARM architecture variants and Processor families. Further presents, ARM v4T architecture, ARM7-TDMI processor: Register organization, pipelining, modes, exception handling, bus architecture, debug architecture and interface signals.
This document provides an overview of system architecture and processor architectures. It discusses different types of system architecture like system-level building blocks, components of a system, hardware and software implementation, and instruction-level parallelism. It also describes various processor architectures like sequential, pipelined, superscalar, VLIW, SIMD, array, and vector processors. Additionally, it covers memory and addressing in systems-on-chip including memory considerations, virtual memory, and the process of determining physical memory addresses.
The document provides an overview of the Intel 8096 microcontroller. It discusses that the 8096 is a 16-bit microcontroller belonging to the MCS-96 family, capable of high-speed calculations. It then details the 8096's specifications, including its 16-bit CPU architecture, 6 addressing modes, 64KB address space, and 256-byte register file. The document also outlines the 8096's memory architecture, which separates instruction and data pathways, as well as its I/O ports, timers, serial port, and 100 instruction set. Finally, it briefly mentions other Intel microcontroller versions such as the 8048, 8051, 80186, and 80386 EX.
The document discusses the PowerPC processor. It provides details about the IBM 405Fx PowerPC processor core such as its 32-bit RISC design, 5-stage pipeline, separate instruction and data caches, virtual memory management unit, timers, and debug support. The PowerPC architecture consists of the user instruction set architecture, virtual environment architecture, and operating environment architecture. The processor core contains the pipeline, cache units, MMU, timers, and interfaces to other functions.
The document discusses the PIC-18 microcontroller. It describes the PIC-18 as an 8-bit microcontroller with 16-bit instruction sets, 256 bytes of EPROM, 2KB of SRAM, and 32KB of flash memory. It operates at 40MHz and has features like a 10-bit A/D converter, instruction pipelining, and low power consumption. The document also provides details on the pin diagram, architecture, memory organization, addressing modes, and pipelining of the PIC-18 microcontroller.
RISC - Reduced Instruction Set ComputingTushar Swami
This document discusses RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture. It includes a member list, outline of topics to be covered, and acknowledgements. The main topics covered are what RISC is, the background and history of RISC, characteristics of RISC like simplified instructions and pipelining, differences between RISC and CISC, performance equations, and applications of RISC like in mobile systems, high-end computing, and ARM and MIPS architectures. It concludes that over time, the differences between RISC and CISC have blurred as they have adopted each other's strategies.
Communication protocols (like UART, SPI, I2C) play an very important role in Micro-controlled based embedded systems development. These protocols helps the main board to communicate with different peripherals by interfacing mechanism. Here is a presentation that talks about how these protocols actually work.
AN INTEGRATED FOUR-PORT DC-DC CONVERTER-CEI0080Vivek Venugopal
This document proposes a novel four-port DC/DC converter topology for renewable energy applications. The proposed topology adds two switches and two diodes to a traditional half-bridge topology to interface two power sources, one bidirectional storage port, and one isolated load port. Zero-voltage switching is achieved for all four main switches. Three ports can be tightly regulated through independent duty cycles while the fourth is unregulated to maintain power balance. Experimental results confirm independent control over three processing paths with low component count and losses.
Chp4 introduction to the pic microcontroller copymkazree
The document provides an introduction to the PIC microcontroller, including:
1) It describes the basic components and architecture of microcontrollers compared to microprocessors.
2) It outlines the history and features of the popular PIC microcontroller family from Microchip Technology, including the PIC16F84 model.
3) It explains the core components of the PIC16F84 including ports, memory organization, clock generator, and the central processing unit.
The document discusses small microcontrollers, specifically the Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller. It provides details on the architecture of the MSP430, including its CPU, memory types and organization, peripherals, and pin layout. It describes the features that enable low power usage, such as various power modes and an internal digitally controlled oscillator. It also discusses programming languages commonly used for small microcontrollers like the MSP430.
This presentation discusses the details of the I2C protocol and interfacing of EEPROM with 8051 based on I2C protocol. It also discusses the other applications of I2C protocol
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller, including its architecture, pin configuration, memory organization, timers, interrupts, and interfacing capabilities. It describes the 8051's features like on-chip RAM, ROM, timers and low power consumption which make it suitable for control applications. The document outlines the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and covers various interfacing examples like switches, LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, ADCs and relay interfacing. It concludes with common applications of the 8051 such as in automobiles, industrial processing, robotics and consumer electronics.
This presentation discusses the Serial Communication features in 8051, the support for UART. It also discusses serial vs parallel communication, simplex, duplex and full-duplex modes, MAX232, RS232 standards
The PIC 16F877A microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses. It has 8kB of flash memory, 368 bytes of RAM, and 256 bytes of EEPROM. It features five I/O ports, three timers, USART serial communication, and 15 interrupt sources. Instructions are in RISC format and execute in 4 machine cycles, with most instructions completing in one cycle.
The document discusses various aspects of the ARM-7 architecture including its addressing modes, instruction set, and data processing instructions. It describes 9 different addressing modes including immediate, absolute, indirect, register, register indirect, base plus offset, base plus index, base plus scaled index, and stack addressing. It also provides details about the ARM instruction set, Thumb instruction set, and I/O system. Examples are given to illustrate different instructions such as MOV, SUB, ORR, CMP, MUL, branch instructions, LDR, STR, and SWI.
Presents features of ARM Processors, ARM architecture variants and Processor families. Further presents, ARM v4T architecture, ARM7-TDMI processor: Register organization, pipelining, modes, exception handling, bus architecture, debug architecture and interface signals.
This document provides an overview of system architecture and processor architectures. It discusses different types of system architecture like system-level building blocks, components of a system, hardware and software implementation, and instruction-level parallelism. It also describes various processor architectures like sequential, pipelined, superscalar, VLIW, SIMD, array, and vector processors. Additionally, it covers memory and addressing in systems-on-chip including memory considerations, virtual memory, and the process of determining physical memory addresses.
The document provides an overview of the Intel 8096 microcontroller. It discusses that the 8096 is a 16-bit microcontroller belonging to the MCS-96 family, capable of high-speed calculations. It then details the 8096's specifications, including its 16-bit CPU architecture, 6 addressing modes, 64KB address space, and 256-byte register file. The document also outlines the 8096's memory architecture, which separates instruction and data pathways, as well as its I/O ports, timers, serial port, and 100 instruction set. Finally, it briefly mentions other Intel microcontroller versions such as the 8048, 8051, 80186, and 80386 EX.
The document discusses the PowerPC processor. It provides details about the IBM 405Fx PowerPC processor core such as its 32-bit RISC design, 5-stage pipeline, separate instruction and data caches, virtual memory management unit, timers, and debug support. The PowerPC architecture consists of the user instruction set architecture, virtual environment architecture, and operating environment architecture. The processor core contains the pipeline, cache units, MMU, timers, and interfaces to other functions.
The document discusses the PIC-18 microcontroller. It describes the PIC-18 as an 8-bit microcontroller with 16-bit instruction sets, 256 bytes of EPROM, 2KB of SRAM, and 32KB of flash memory. It operates at 40MHz and has features like a 10-bit A/D converter, instruction pipelining, and low power consumption. The document also provides details on the pin diagram, architecture, memory organization, addressing modes, and pipelining of the PIC-18 microcontroller.
RISC - Reduced Instruction Set ComputingTushar Swami
This document discusses RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture. It includes a member list, outline of topics to be covered, and acknowledgements. The main topics covered are what RISC is, the background and history of RISC, characteristics of RISC like simplified instructions and pipelining, differences between RISC and CISC, performance equations, and applications of RISC like in mobile systems, high-end computing, and ARM and MIPS architectures. It concludes that over time, the differences between RISC and CISC have blurred as they have adopted each other's strategies.
Communication protocols (like UART, SPI, I2C) play an very important role in Micro-controlled based embedded systems development. These protocols helps the main board to communicate with different peripherals by interfacing mechanism. Here is a presentation that talks about how these protocols actually work.
AN INTEGRATED FOUR-PORT DC-DC CONVERTER-CEI0080Vivek Venugopal
This document proposes a novel four-port DC/DC converter topology for renewable energy applications. The proposed topology adds two switches and two diodes to a traditional half-bridge topology to interface two power sources, one bidirectional storage port, and one isolated load port. Zero-voltage switching is achieved for all four main switches. Three ports can be tightly regulated through independent duty cycles while the fourth is unregulated to maintain power balance. Experimental results confirm independent control over three processing paths with low component count and losses.
Chp4 introduction to the pic microcontroller copymkazree
The document provides an introduction to the PIC microcontroller, including:
1) It describes the basic components and architecture of microcontrollers compared to microprocessors.
2) It outlines the history and features of the popular PIC microcontroller family from Microchip Technology, including the PIC16F84 model.
3) It explains the core components of the PIC16F84 including ports, memory organization, clock generator, and the central processing unit.
PIC 16F877 micro controller by Gaurav raikarGauravRaikar3
The document discusses configuring the on-chip analog to digital converter (ADC) on the PIC16F877 microcontroller. It first provides an overview of the PIC microcontroller family and key features of the PIC16F877. It then describes the ADC registers and conversion process, including configuring the ADC module, selecting the input channel, starting the conversion, and reading the result. It includes a diagram of the ADC conversion timing and flowchart of the conversion process. An example code for reading the ADC and printing the result is also provided.
This document provides an introduction to PIC microcontrollers, including:
- An overview of PIC architecture and why they are popular
- Differences between Harvard and Von Neumann architectures used in PICs
- Variations in core architectures, memory sizes, and instruction sets across the PIC family
- Details on the features, memory, peripherals, and instruction set of the PIC16F877A microcontroller
- Examples of common PIC applications like an LED flasher and button reader
PIC Introduction and explained in detailedAnkita Tiwari
The document provides an introduction to the PIC microcontroller. It discusses what a microcontroller is, compares microcontrollers to general purpose microprocessors, and briefly outlines the history of the PIC microcontroller. It then describes features of the PIC16F84 microcontroller including its clock generator, reset function, ports, central processing unit, and memory organization including flash memory, RAM, and ROM. It also covers the timer and prescalar functions.
This document discusses Microchip PIC microcontrollers and their use in an electrocardiogram (ECG) device. It covers the internal architecture of PIC microcontrollers including memory organization, registers, oscillators, and analog-to-digital converters. Diagrams and examples are provided to explain how PIC microcontrollers function and can be programmed to acquire, process, and transmit ECG signal data.
EE6008 MCBSD - Introduction to PIC Micro controller pavihari
This document outlines the syllabus for the course EE6008 Microcontroller Based System Design. It covers 5 units:
1. Introduction to PIC microcontrollers including architecture of PIC16C6x and PIC16C7x families.
2. Interrupts and timers in PIC microcontrollers including external interrupts, timer programming.
3. Peripherals and interfacing including I2C, serial EEPROM, ADC, UART, LCD interfacing.
4. Introduction to ARM processor architecture including programmer's model, development tools, memory hierarchy.
5. ARM organization including pipeline organization, instruction execution, instruction set, coprocessor interface.
This document outlines the syllabus for the course EE6008 Microcontroller Based System Design. It covers 5 units:
1. Introduction to PIC microcontrollers including architecture of PIC16C6x and PIC16C7x families.
2. Interrupts and timers in PIC microcontrollers including external interrupts, timer programming.
3. Peripherals and interfacing including I2C, serial EEPROM, ADC, UART, LCD interfacing.
4. Introduction to ARM processor architecture including programmer's model, development tools, memory hierarchy.
5. ARM organization including pipeline, instruction set, coprocessor interface, embedded applications.
The
The document discusses the syllabus for the course EE6008 - Microcontroller Based System Design. It covers 5 units: (1) Introduction to PIC Microcontroller architecture; (2) Interrupts and timers on PIC microcontrollers; (3) Interfacing peripherals using I2C bus, analog to digital converters, and UART; (4) Introduction to ARM processor architecture; (5) ARM organization including pipeline stages and instruction set. The objectives are to introduce microcontroller architectures and teach how to use interrupts, timers, and peripheral devices for data communication.
The document discusses the architecture of PIC18 microcontrollers. It begins by introducing the PIC microcontroller family and noting their popularity. It then explains key aspects of the PIC18 architecture, including that it uses a Harvard architecture with separate memory spaces for instructions and data. The document outlines the main components of the PIC18 architecture, including the CPU, program ROM, data memory, I/O ports, and special function registers. It provides details on the registers used in the PIC18, including the working register WREG, general purpose registers, and special function registers.
This document discusses the architecture of the PIC16C6X microcontroller. It begins by describing PIC microcontrollers in general and the core features of the PIC16C6X. It then examines the different versions of the PIC16C6X family and provides a pin diagram. The main blocks of the PIC16C6X architecture are outlined, including the power-on reset, watchdog timer, I/O ports, ADC, interrupt control, USART, memory blocks, and registers. Program memory size varies between versions. The document concludes with references.
This document discusses the architecture of the PIC16F877A microcontroller. It begins with an introduction to PIC microcontrollers and describes the Harvard architecture used. It then covers the register file structure including general purpose registers, status register, and special function registers. Finally, it lists some applications of PIC microcontrollers such as street lights, temperature sensors, and industrial instrumentation.
The PIC microcontroller is a single-chip computer with RAM, ROM, I/O ports and a CPU. The PIC16F73 has features like a RISC CPU, 4K bytes of flash memory, 192 bytes of RAM, three I/O ports and a built-in oscillator. It has peripherals like timers, PWM, ADC and serial communication modules. The PIC memory is divided into program memory for instructions and data memory consisting of register banks. Common applications include interfacing with LCDs and 7-segment displays.
The document provides an introduction to the PIC microcontroller including its origins, architecture, and key features. It discusses the PIC16F877A microcontroller in detail including its register file map, pin configuration, status register, and difference compared to the 8051 microcontroller. Examples of writing assembly language code and C code for blinking an LED are also provided.
The document discusses the PIC16F877A microcontroller. It describes the essential elements as having a 8K flash program memory, 368 bytes of data RAM, 256-byte EEPROM, 5 I/O ports, a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter, timers, and interrupts. The pinout and internal architecture are also summarized, including the CPU, memory types, clock, ports, timers, and analog-to-digital converter. The basic elements of the microcontroller are outlined as the clock, ALU, accumulator, RAM memory types, and permanent memories.
The document provides an introduction to PIC microcontrollers, including:
- The PIC16C6X/7X family uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memory buses, allowing fast instruction execution.
- The CPU contains registers like the Working Register, Status Register, FSR, and 8-level stack.
- Memory is organized into program memory, data memory (register files) and stack.
- Upon reset, the PIC initializes registers and jumps to address 0 to begin program execution. Resets ensure the PIC starts in a known state.
The document discusses the PIC microcontroller architecture. It begins by explaining what PIC stands for and how PIC microcontrollers have become important in industrial automation and embedded applications. It then provides a brief history of PIC development. The document goes on to describe the different categories of PIC microcontrollers based on internal architecture, including baseline, mid-range, enhanced mid-range, and PIC18. It also discusses the core features of PIC microcontrollers like instruction set, register file architecture, and interrupt logic. Finally, it explains some key architectural features like Harvard architecture and reduced instruction set that enable fast execution speeds.
Microchip's PIC Micro Controller - Presentation Covers- Embedded system,Application, Harvard and Von Newman Architecture, PIC Microcontroller Instruction Set, PIC assembly language programming, PIC Basic circuit design and its programming etc.
1. The document discusses embedded systems and Microchip PIC microcontrollers. It describes what embedded systems are and provides examples of application areas.
2. It explains the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and discusses the architecture and features of Microchip's PIC microcontrollers.
3. The document provides an overview of programming PIC microcontrollers, including the instruction set, device structure, and basic circuit requirements.
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Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
3. Introduction to PIC Microcontroller
• Introduction to PIC Microcontroller
• PIC 16C6x Architecture
• PIC16C7x Architecture
• PIC16Cxx–Pipelining
• Program Memory considerations
• Register File Structure
• Addressing modes
• Instruction Set
• Simple Operations
4. Why PIC has become popular ???
• Low cost
• Wide availability
• Large user base
• Easy of availability of its supporting hardware
and software tools like assemblers, debuggers
and simulators
• Re-programming with flash memory capability
• Easy to interface with other peripherals
6. PIC - Introduction
• Power on Reset
• ROM/OTP/EPROM/ROM/Flash
• 8 level stack
• Powerful output pin control
• Up to 12 independent interrupt sources
• Direct and Indirect addressing modes
• Timers
• Serial Programming
7.
8. PIC 16C6x Architecture
• High performance RISC CPU
• 8 bit microcontroller
• Low cost, High performance, CMOS, fully static
microcontroller
• Only 35 single word instructions
• Interrupt capability
• Eight level deep hardware stack
• Direct and Indirect addressing modes
• Power-on Reset (POR)
• Power-up Timer (PWRT)
• Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
9. PIC 16C6x Architecture
• Watchdog Timer (WDT)
• Programmable code-protection
• Power saving SLEEP mode
• Selectable oscillator options
• Low-power, high-speed CMOS EPROM/ROM
technology
• Fully static design
• Wide operating voltage range: 2.5V to 6.0V
• Commercial, Industrial, and Extended
temperature ranges
• Low-power consumption
10. PIC 16C6x Peripheral Features
• Three timers: Timer0, Timer1, Timer2
– Timer0 : 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler
– Timer1 : 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can
be incremented during sleep via external
crystal/clock
– Timer2 : 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period
register, prescaler and postscaler
• Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) module(s)
– Capture is 16-bit, max resolution is 12.5 ns
– Compare is 16-bit, max resolution is 200 ns
– PWM max resolution is 10-bit
11. PIC 16C6x Peripheral Features
• Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI and I2C
• Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (USART/SCI)
• Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8-bits wide, with
external RD, WR and CS controls
• Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out
Reset (BOR)
12. Harvard Architecture and Pipelining
PIC 16C6x/7x family of microcontrollers use
Hardware architecture to achieve an fast
execution speed for a given clock.
15. PIC Registers
• W - Reg
• Status Register
• FSR – File Select Register
• INDF
• Program Counter
• PCL
• PCLATCH
• Eight Level Stack
16. PIC Registers
• Working Register:(W - Register)
– Working Register is a 8-bit register used by many
instructions as the source of an operand.
– It also serves as the destination for the result of
instruction execution and it is similar to
accumulator in other Microcontrollers and
Microprocessors.
– It is a 8-bit regarding.
ADDWF f, d
17. PIC Registers
• Status Register:
– It contains the arithmetic status of the ALU, the
RESET status and the bank select bits for the data
memory.
18. PIC Registers
• Status Register:
– C: Carry/borrow bit
– DC: Digit carry/borrow bit
– Z: Zero bit
– NOT_PD: Reset Status bit (Power-down mode bit)
– NOT_TO: Reset Status bit (tme- out bit)
– RPO: Register bank Select
– The bits 7 and 6 of Status Register are unused by
16c6x/7x.
19. PIC Registers
• The ‘C’ bit is set when two 8-bit operands are added
together and a 9-bit result occurs. This 9-bit is placed in
the carry bit.
• The DC or Digit carry bit indicates that a carry from the
lower 4 bits occurred during an 8-bit addition.
Example:
0011 1000
0011 1000
----------------
0111 0000
---------------
Here DC=1 as a result of the carry from the bit 3 to the
bit 4 position.
20. PIC Registers
• The Z or zero bits is affected by the execution
of arithmetic or logic instructions.
• The reset status bits NOT_TO and NOT_PD are
used in conjunction with PIC’s sleep mode.
The micro controller can put itself to sleep
mode to save power during intervals when it
has nothing to do. Upon reset the CPU can
check these two reset status bits to determine
which kind of event resettled it and then
respond accordingly.
21. PIC Registers
• The Register bank select bit RPO is used to
select either bank .
When RPO=0, select Bank 0,
RPO=1, select Bank 1.
• Example:
bcf STATUS, RPO //Select bank 0
bsf STATUS, RPO //Select bank 1.
22. PIC Registers
• FSR – (File Select Register):
– It is the pointer used for indirect addressing.
– In the indirect addressing mode the 8-bit register
file address is first written into FSR.
– It is a special purpose register that serves as an
address pointer to any address through out the
entire register file.
• INDF – (Indirect File):
– It is not a physical register addressing, this INDF
will cause indirect addressing.
– Any instruction using the INDF register actually
access the register pointed to by the FSR.
23. PIC Registers
• PCL:
– PCL is actually the lower 8-bits of the 13-bit program
counter.
– It can be read like any other register.
• PCLATH (Program Counter Latch):
– Upper bits of are not readable but are indirectly
writable .
– The upper 3-bits of PCLATH remains zero and serves no
purpose.
Progarm Counter :
24. Watch Dog Timer (WDT):
A Watch dog timer is a simple timer circuit
that performs a specific operation after a certain
period of time if something goes wrong.
28. Program Memory Considerations
Program memory access for PIC parts having 2K of
program memory.
• PIC family uses 13-bit program counter allowing the
controllers to an 8k- program memory without changing the
CPU structure.
31. Two addresses in the program memory address space are treated
in a special way by the CPU.
• When the CPU starts up from its reset state, its program
counter is automatically cleared to zero. with the content of
address H'000’being a go to Mainline instruction.
• The second special address H'004', is automatically loaded
into the program counter when an interrupt occurs.
33. Data Memory
The data memory of PIC 16F8XX is partitioned into multiple
banks which contain
• General purpose registers
• Special function Registers.(SFRs).
The bits RP1 and RP0 bits of the status register are used
to select these banks
40. INSTRUCTION SET OF PIC
• Instruction set of PIC are divided into three
basic categories,
• Byte Oriented Instruction
• Bit Oriented Instruction
• Literal and Control Instruction
120. Reference :
• Peatman,J.B., “Design with PIC Micro
Controllers”PearsonEducation,3rdEdition, 2004.
• Mazidi, M.A.,“PIC Microcontroller” Rollin Mckinlay,
Danny causey Printice Hall of India, 2007.