This document provides an overview of the unification of Italy in the 19th century. It discusses the key obstacles to Italian unity, including frequent foreign rule and warfare that led to strong regional identities. It then describes the roles of Count Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi in helping to expel the Austrians and unite Italy's states. Finally, it notes some challenges the new nation of Italy faced, such as regional divisions, tensions with the Catholic Church, and unrest between radicals and conservatives.