Otto Von Bismarck
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Otto von Bismarck was born in 1815 in Prussia to a Junker family. He studied law and entered politics in 1847 as an ultraconservative champion of Junker interests. As the first Chancellor of Germany, he recognized opportunities for national unification and worked to provide a Prussian structure to the new nation. Though initially opposed to democracy and liberalism, he created a new nation with progressive social policies and kept Europe peaceful in the late 19th century through balance of power diplomacy.
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Ottovon bismarck 1
Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1871 to 1890. He came from a noble Prussian family and studied law. Through a series of wars in the 1860s, Bismarck helped Prussia defeat Denmark, Austria, and France to unite Germany under Prussian leadership. He orchestrated the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first Chancellor. Bismarck introduced Germany's social welfare state in the 1880s to counter socialists. He retired in 1890 and spent his final years in Friedrichsruh, where he died in 1898.
German unification
Nationalism played a key role in German unification in the late 19th century. Otto von Bismarck, as Prime Minister of Prussia, skillfully used nationalism and a series of wars against Denmark, Austria, and France to unify the German states under Prussian leadership by 1871. The new German Empire dominated Europe both economically and militarily, replacing the balance of power that had existed since the Congress of Vienna.
France: The Interwar Years (1919-1938)
France suffered tremendous losses in WWI with over 1.6 million deaths. In the interwar period, France prioritized rebuilding and weakening Germany through occupation of the Ruhr Valley and demanding reparations. However, economic instability and the rise of extremism weakened the French government. By 1939, France was unprepared for another war despite efforts to rearm, remaining politically divided in the late 1930s.
Unification Of Germany Ppt
The document summarizes the unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck in the late 19th century. It discusses the debates between a "Greater Germany" including Austria and a "Lesser Germany" without Austria. Bismarck used victories in the Danish, Austro-Prussian, and Franco-Prussian wars to consolidate the German states under Prussian leadership and proclaim William I as the first emperor of a unified German Empire in 1871.
Bismarck
Otto Von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman born in 1815 who had a wild youth but found stability when he married and began his political career in 1847. He wanted to unite the many small German states into a single German Empire and served as Chancellor from 1871-1890, during which time he engineered the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 to expand Prussian and German territory. As Chancellor of the new German Empire, he established policies like building railways and compulsory military service.
01. SOVIET CONTROL OF EASTERN EUROPE: Stalin
After World War Two a Cold War developed between the capitalist Western countries and the Communist countries of the Eastern Bloc. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin wanted a buffer zone of friendly Communist countries to protect the USSR from further attack in the future. However, British Prime Minister Clement Attlee and US President Harry Truman made it clear at Yalta and Potsdam that this was unacceptable to the Western governments. They wanted freely defined states. Communist parties had gained control through what the Hungarian leader, Rakosi, called salami tactics. By 1950, the Eastern Bloc consisted of many Eastern European countries which were under the influence of the USSR. These included Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Ukraine. After Stalin's death in 1953, there was a power struggle in the USSR. By the mid-1950s the dominant Soviet political figure Nikita Khrushchev was solidifying his grasp on power.
The Rise Of Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed early interest in becoming a priest but was rejected from art school. After his parents died, he lived homeless in Vienna where he was influenced by anti-Semitism. During World War I he served in the German army and was decorated for bravery. After the war, he joined the Nazi party and rose to leadership with emotional speeches attacking Jews. In 1923 he attempted to overthrow the German government but was imprisoned for five years where he wrote his book Mein Kampf outlining his plans. He became Chancellor in 1933 and built Germany's industry and military, gaining control of Europe by 1941.
Reasons for german unification bismarck
Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman appointed as Minister President of Prussia in 1862. As Minister President, Bismarck worked to strengthen Prussia by stopping a crisis in the kingdom, building a stronger Prussian army, and engaging in wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. Historians debate whether Bismarck engineered events that made German unification inevitable or simply responded to existing situations. This document provides background on Bismarck and outlines differing historical views of his importance in German unification.
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Ottovon bismarck 1
Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1871 to 1890. He came from a noble Prussian family and studied law. Through a series of wars in the 1860s, Bismarck helped Prussia defeat Denmark, Austria, and France to unite Germany under Prussian leadership. He orchestrated the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first Chancellor. Bismarck introduced Germany's social welfare state in the 1880s to counter socialists. He retired in 1890 and spent his final years in Friedrichsruh, where he died in 1898.
German unification
Nationalism played a key role in German unification in the late 19th century. Otto von Bismarck, as Prime Minister of Prussia, skillfully used nationalism and a series of wars against Denmark, Austria, and France to unify the German states under Prussian leadership by 1871. The new German Empire dominated Europe both economically and militarily, replacing the balance of power that had existed since the Congress of Vienna.
France: The Interwar Years (1919-1938)
France suffered tremendous losses in WWI with over 1.6 million deaths. In the interwar period, France prioritized rebuilding and weakening Germany through occupation of the Ruhr Valley and demanding reparations. However, economic instability and the rise of extremism weakened the French government. By 1939, France was unprepared for another war despite efforts to rearm, remaining politically divided in the late 1930s.
Unification Of Germany Ppt
The document summarizes the unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck in the late 19th century. It discusses the debates between a "Greater Germany" including Austria and a "Lesser Germany" without Austria. Bismarck used victories in the Danish, Austro-Prussian, and Franco-Prussian wars to consolidate the German states under Prussian leadership and proclaim William I as the first emperor of a unified German Empire in 1871.
Bismarck
Otto Von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman born in 1815 who had a wild youth but found stability when he married and began his political career in 1847. He wanted to unite the many small German states into a single German Empire and served as Chancellor from 1871-1890, during which time he engineered the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 to expand Prussian and German territory. As Chancellor of the new German Empire, he established policies like building railways and compulsory military service.
01. SOVIET CONTROL OF EASTERN EUROPE: Stalin
After World War Two a Cold War developed between the capitalist Western countries and the Communist countries of the Eastern Bloc. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin wanted a buffer zone of friendly Communist countries to protect the USSR from further attack in the future. However, British Prime Minister Clement Attlee and US President Harry Truman made it clear at Yalta and Potsdam that this was unacceptable to the Western governments. They wanted freely defined states. Communist parties had gained control through what the Hungarian leader, Rakosi, called salami tactics. By 1950, the Eastern Bloc consisted of many Eastern European countries which were under the influence of the USSR. These included Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Ukraine. After Stalin's death in 1953, there was a power struggle in the USSR. By the mid-1950s the dominant Soviet political figure Nikita Khrushchev was solidifying his grasp on power.
The Rise Of Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed early interest in becoming a priest but was rejected from art school. After his parents died, he lived homeless in Vienna where he was influenced by anti-Semitism. During World War I he served in the German army and was decorated for bravery. After the war, he joined the Nazi party and rose to leadership with emotional speeches attacking Jews. In 1923 he attempted to overthrow the German government but was imprisoned for five years where he wrote his book Mein Kampf outlining his plans. He became Chancellor in 1933 and built Germany's industry and military, gaining control of Europe by 1941.
Reasons for german unification bismarck
Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman appointed as Minister President of Prussia in 1862. As Minister President, Bismarck worked to strengthen Prussia by stopping a crisis in the kingdom, building a stronger Prussian army, and engaging in wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. Historians debate whether Bismarck engineered events that made German unification inevitable or simply responded to existing situations. This document provides background on Bismarck and outlines differing historical views of his importance in German unification.
STALIN PART 2:Totalitarianism and stalin
Stalin imposed totalitarianism on the USSR through several key methods:
1) The Great Purges eliminated Stalin's political opponents through executions and imprisonments, instilling fear in the population.
2) Stalin cultivated a cult of personality through propaganda and censorship that portrayed him as the hero and guide of the nation.
3) Stalin had complete control over the Soviet economy through five-year plans that dictated industrial and agricultural production.
1 the main causes of wwi slideshare version
The main causes of WWI were militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. A network of alliances drew the major European powers into war after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. Germany backed Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia, leading Russia and its allies to declare war on Germany and Austria-Hungary, starting World War I.
Lecture 2 bismarck
Bismarck successfully unified Germany in 1871 and then pursued a policy of maintaining peace in Europe through a complex web of alliances including the League of Three Emperors and the Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary. His diplomacy was aimed at isolating France and preventing the formation of any alliance against Germany. By 1890, Bismarck had maintained peace in Europe for nearly two decades through skillful statesmanship, but increasing tensions and his resignation weakened Germany's position as other powers sought to alter the balance of power.
The Great War
World War I was caused by rising nationalism in European nations and their competition for power and resources, which led to the formation of opposing alliances. Militarism and an arms race escalated tensions as countries expanded their armed forces. Immediate causes of the war included the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist and the chain reaction of countries honoring their alliance obligations by declaring war on each other. Within a month, the major European powers were at war across both Western and Eastern fronts.
29.1 marching toward war
Rising nationalism and imperialism in Europe led to the formation of military alliances that divided the major powers into two opposing camps. Tensions escalated in the Balkans, a volatile region with many ethnic groups. On June 28, 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo. Austria issued an ultimatum to Serbia and declared war on July 28th when most of its demands were not met, risking a broader European conflict due to the system of opposing alliances.
German Unification powerpoint
The document summarizes how Otto von Bismarck unified Germany in the late 1800s through a series of strategic wars and negotiations that shifted power away from Austria. Bismarck used "blood and iron" tactics like provoking the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 and manipulating the Ems Telegram to start the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 to defeat Germany's rivals and form the German Empire under Prussian leadership.
The Balkan wars
The First and Second Balkan Wars occurred from 1912-1913 as Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia formed the Balkan League to drive the Ottoman Empire from Europe. In the First Balkan War, the Balkan League was successful in defeating the Ottomans. However, in 1913 the Second Balkan War broke out as the members of the League fought over the division of the conquered territory, particularly Macedonia. Bulgaria lost this war, weakening Ottoman control but also increasing tensions between the Balkan states that would contribute to conflict leading up to World War I.
The Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was a conflict fought primarily in Germany between Catholics and Protestants. While religious differences played a role, the goals of the various powers involved were mainly geopolitical, such as German princes seeking autonomy and France attempting to limit Hapsburg power. The war occurred in phases involving Bohemia, Denmark, Sweden, and finally France and Sweden against Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. It culminated in the Peace of Westphalia, which granted sovereignty to German princes and greater religious tolerance while curbing Hapsburg power. The war devastated Germany and marked the end of the age of religious wars in Europe.
Causes of ww1
The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1:
- Imperialism and nationalism led countries to want to expand their territories and resources.
- Alliances pulled countries into war as they were obligated to support allies.
- Militarism and an arms race increased tensions as countries built up their forces.
- Immediate triggers were the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and crises over Morocco and Bosnia exacerbating tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary.
Vlademir Leninn
Vladimir Lenin was a revolutionary leader who played a pivotal role in 20th century Russian and world history. He was a Marxist theorist who led the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, overthrowing the provisional government and establishing the Soviet Union. Lenin went on to become the first head of government of the USSR, instituting communist policies and greatly influencing leftist movements internationally through his ideology of Leninism before his death in 1924. His revolutionary actions and political philosophy transformed Russia and left a lasting impact that continues to shape global politics.
Road to WWI PPT (1).pptx
A powerpoint lesson about the Road to WWI, designed for history students. Perfect for those at the high school level and a good introduction to some of the factors that led to the first world war.
Britain in WWI
Civilians on the British home front were affected by World War 1 in several ways:
1) Food rationing was introduced in 1917 and became compulsory in 1918 to address food shortages caused by German U-boats sinking British merchant ships carrying supplies.
2) Conscription was introduced in 1916, requiring all men aged 18-40 to register for potential military service.
3) Censorship of soldiers' letters and limitation of news about casualties was implemented to maintain public morale and support for the war effort.
The Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade occurred in 1948 when the Soviet Union blocked land access to West Berlin in response to the Western Allies introducing a new currency. To sustain West Berlin, the Allies launched an unprecedented airlift to supply the city. Over time the airlift proved successful and the blockade was lifted in 1949, further dividing Europe into Soviet-allied Eastern Bloc and Western-allied nations.
Wwi ppt-maz-a_ppt1
The document provides background information on the causes of World War I, including militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It discusses the rise of pan-Slavism and pan-Germanism in the Balkans. Key events that increased tensions are outlined, such as the Moroccan Crisis, Balkan Wars, and the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in response to the assassination, pulling the allied countries of Germany, Russia, France and eventually Britain into the war. Trench warfare ensued as a new strategy, trapping armies in a bloody stalemate on the Western Front for four years.
Nazism
German Nazism promoted ideas of German racial superiority and territorial expansion. The Nazi party rose to power in the 1930s amid economic crisis, gaining support by promising to restore prosperity. Once in control, the Nazis established a totalitarian state based on extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism. They suppressed opposition and controlled every aspect of life through propaganda, censorship, and terror against Jews and other groups deemed inferior.
Bismarck
Bismarck secured the unification of Germany in 1871 and aimed to reassure other European powers through a series of changing alliances. He formed the Three Emperors League with Russia and Austria-Hungary in 1872, but tensions in the Balkans caused it to dissolve. Bismarck then aligned Germany with Austria-Hungary through the Dual Alliance of 1879 and added Italy to form the Triple Alliance of 1882. By 1890, Bismarck had resigned after clashes with the new Kaiser, having maintained peace in Europe for two decades through a complex network of shifting diplomatic agreements and alliances.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-1939
Hitler saw the Spanish Civil War as an opportunity to fight against Communism and test his armed forces. He supported the right-wing nationalist forces under General Franco, while Stalin supported the Republican government. Germany sent the Condor Legion to Spain, where the Luftwaffe practiced devastating bombing raids on civilian populations, such as the destruction of Guernica. After over 30 months of fighting that cost 250,000 lives, the nationalists emerged victorious, allowing Franco to establish an authoritarian regime in Spain. The Spanish Civil War provided benefits for Hitler by allowing him to strengthen ties with Mussolini, distract the West while expanding German power in Central Europe, and prepare German forces for future conflicts.
Joseph stalin
1. Joseph Stalin was born in 1878 in Georgia and grew up in poverty after his shoemaker father left the family.
2. He became involved in Marxist revolutionary activities and helped coordinate the Bolshevik seizure of power in the 1917 October Revolution.
3. After the revolution, Stalin rose to power within the Communist Party, first as Commissar for Nationalities and then consolidating control as General Secretary from 1922 until his death in 1953.
Alexander II and the Emancipation of the Serfs
The document discusses the emancipation of serfs in 19th century Russia and the subsequent reforms under Tsar Alexander II. It provides background on serfdom prior to emancipation in 1861, including the different types of serfs. It then summarizes the key aspects of the 1861 emancipation edict, including granting serfs freedom and land. However, emancipation also led to unrest as peasants faced debt and land disputes. The document next outlines Alexander II's reforms in other areas like the military, judiciary, education, and local government. Overall, it presents an overview of the emancipation of serfs and the modernizing reforms that followed under Alexander II in the mid-19th century.
First World War Infographic: 'Overview'.
First World War Infographic: 'Overview'. Taken from www.thegreatwar100.com - A project dedicated to telling the story of WW1 using infographics.
Otto von Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck nació en 1815 en Alemania, estudió derecho y agricultura, y se convirtió en el primer ministro y ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de Prusia, donde desempeñó un papel clave en la unificación de Alemania y la creación del Imperio alemán, antes de fallecer en 1898.
Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck nació en 1815 en Prusia y se convirtió en un político conservador prusiano. Utilizó una serie de guerras y alianzas para unificar a los estados alemanes bajo el liderazgo de Prusia y crear el Imperio Alemán en 1871, donde se desempeñó como su primer Canciller. Gobernó de forma autoritaria pero logró grandes avances para Alemania antes de renunciar en 1890 debido a diferencias con el nuevo emperador Guillermo II.
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STALIN PART 2:Totalitarianism and stalin
Stalin imposed totalitarianism on the USSR through several key methods:
1) The Great Purges eliminated Stalin's political opponents through executions and imprisonments, instilling fear in the population.
2) Stalin cultivated a cult of personality through propaganda and censorship that portrayed him as the hero and guide of the nation.
3) Stalin had complete control over the Soviet economy through five-year plans that dictated industrial and agricultural production.
1 the main causes of wwi slideshare version
The main causes of WWI were militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. A network of alliances drew the major European powers into war after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. Germany backed Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia, leading Russia and its allies to declare war on Germany and Austria-Hungary, starting World War I.
Lecture 2 bismarck
Bismarck successfully unified Germany in 1871 and then pursued a policy of maintaining peace in Europe through a complex web of alliances including the League of Three Emperors and the Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary. His diplomacy was aimed at isolating France and preventing the formation of any alliance against Germany. By 1890, Bismarck had maintained peace in Europe for nearly two decades through skillful statesmanship, but increasing tensions and his resignation weakened Germany's position as other powers sought to alter the balance of power.
The Great War
World War I was caused by rising nationalism in European nations and their competition for power and resources, which led to the formation of opposing alliances. Militarism and an arms race escalated tensions as countries expanded their armed forces. Immediate causes of the war included the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist and the chain reaction of countries honoring their alliance obligations by declaring war on each other. Within a month, the major European powers were at war across both Western and Eastern fronts.
29.1 marching toward war
Rising nationalism and imperialism in Europe led to the formation of military alliances that divided the major powers into two opposing camps. Tensions escalated in the Balkans, a volatile region with many ethnic groups. On June 28, 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo. Austria issued an ultimatum to Serbia and declared war on July 28th when most of its demands were not met, risking a broader European conflict due to the system of opposing alliances.
German Unification powerpoint
The document summarizes how Otto von Bismarck unified Germany in the late 1800s through a series of strategic wars and negotiations that shifted power away from Austria. Bismarck used "blood and iron" tactics like provoking the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 and manipulating the Ems Telegram to start the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 to defeat Germany's rivals and form the German Empire under Prussian leadership.
The Balkan wars
The First and Second Balkan Wars occurred from 1912-1913 as Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia formed the Balkan League to drive the Ottoman Empire from Europe. In the First Balkan War, the Balkan League was successful in defeating the Ottomans. However, in 1913 the Second Balkan War broke out as the members of the League fought over the division of the conquered territory, particularly Macedonia. Bulgaria lost this war, weakening Ottoman control but also increasing tensions between the Balkan states that would contribute to conflict leading up to World War I.
The Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was a conflict fought primarily in Germany between Catholics and Protestants. While religious differences played a role, the goals of the various powers involved were mainly geopolitical, such as German princes seeking autonomy and France attempting to limit Hapsburg power. The war occurred in phases involving Bohemia, Denmark, Sweden, and finally France and Sweden against Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. It culminated in the Peace of Westphalia, which granted sovereignty to German princes and greater religious tolerance while curbing Hapsburg power. The war devastated Germany and marked the end of the age of religious wars in Europe.
Causes of ww1
The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1:
- Imperialism and nationalism led countries to want to expand their territories and resources.
- Alliances pulled countries into war as they were obligated to support allies.
- Militarism and an arms race increased tensions as countries built up their forces.
- Immediate triggers were the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and crises over Morocco and Bosnia exacerbating tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary.
Vlademir Leninn
Vladimir Lenin was a revolutionary leader who played a pivotal role in 20th century Russian and world history. He was a Marxist theorist who led the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, overthrowing the provisional government and establishing the Soviet Union. Lenin went on to become the first head of government of the USSR, instituting communist policies and greatly influencing leftist movements internationally through his ideology of Leninism before his death in 1924. His revolutionary actions and political philosophy transformed Russia and left a lasting impact that continues to shape global politics.
Road to WWI PPT (1).pptx
A powerpoint lesson about the Road to WWI, designed for history students. Perfect for those at the high school level and a good introduction to some of the factors that led to the first world war.
Britain in WWI
Civilians on the British home front were affected by World War 1 in several ways:
1) Food rationing was introduced in 1917 and became compulsory in 1918 to address food shortages caused by German U-boats sinking British merchant ships carrying supplies.
2) Conscription was introduced in 1916, requiring all men aged 18-40 to register for potential military service.
3) Censorship of soldiers' letters and limitation of news about casualties was implemented to maintain public morale and support for the war effort.
The Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade occurred in 1948 when the Soviet Union blocked land access to West Berlin in response to the Western Allies introducing a new currency. To sustain West Berlin, the Allies launched an unprecedented airlift to supply the city. Over time the airlift proved successful and the blockade was lifted in 1949, further dividing Europe into Soviet-allied Eastern Bloc and Western-allied nations.
Wwi ppt-maz-a_ppt1
The document provides background information on the causes of World War I, including militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It discusses the rise of pan-Slavism and pan-Germanism in the Balkans. Key events that increased tensions are outlined, such as the Moroccan Crisis, Balkan Wars, and the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in response to the assassination, pulling the allied countries of Germany, Russia, France and eventually Britain into the war. Trench warfare ensued as a new strategy, trapping armies in a bloody stalemate on the Western Front for four years.
Nazism
German Nazism promoted ideas of German racial superiority and territorial expansion. The Nazi party rose to power in the 1930s amid economic crisis, gaining support by promising to restore prosperity. Once in control, the Nazis established a totalitarian state based on extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism. They suppressed opposition and controlled every aspect of life through propaganda, censorship, and terror against Jews and other groups deemed inferior.
Bismarck
Bismarck secured the unification of Germany in 1871 and aimed to reassure other European powers through a series of changing alliances. He formed the Three Emperors League with Russia and Austria-Hungary in 1872, but tensions in the Balkans caused it to dissolve. Bismarck then aligned Germany with Austria-Hungary through the Dual Alliance of 1879 and added Italy to form the Triple Alliance of 1882. By 1890, Bismarck had resigned after clashes with the new Kaiser, having maintained peace in Europe for two decades through a complex network of shifting diplomatic agreements and alliances.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-1939
Hitler saw the Spanish Civil War as an opportunity to fight against Communism and test his armed forces. He supported the right-wing nationalist forces under General Franco, while Stalin supported the Republican government. Germany sent the Condor Legion to Spain, where the Luftwaffe practiced devastating bombing raids on civilian populations, such as the destruction of Guernica. After over 30 months of fighting that cost 250,000 lives, the nationalists emerged victorious, allowing Franco to establish an authoritarian regime in Spain. The Spanish Civil War provided benefits for Hitler by allowing him to strengthen ties with Mussolini, distract the West while expanding German power in Central Europe, and prepare German forces for future conflicts.
Joseph stalin
1. Joseph Stalin was born in 1878 in Georgia and grew up in poverty after his shoemaker father left the family.
2. He became involved in Marxist revolutionary activities and helped coordinate the Bolshevik seizure of power in the 1917 October Revolution.
3. After the revolution, Stalin rose to power within the Communist Party, first as Commissar for Nationalities and then consolidating control as General Secretary from 1922 until his death in 1953.
Alexander II and the Emancipation of the Serfs
The document discusses the emancipation of serfs in 19th century Russia and the subsequent reforms under Tsar Alexander II. It provides background on serfdom prior to emancipation in 1861, including the different types of serfs. It then summarizes the key aspects of the 1861 emancipation edict, including granting serfs freedom and land. However, emancipation also led to unrest as peasants faced debt and land disputes. The document next outlines Alexander II's reforms in other areas like the military, judiciary, education, and local government. Overall, it presents an overview of the emancipation of serfs and the modernizing reforms that followed under Alexander II in the mid-19th century.
First World War Infographic: 'Overview'.
First World War Infographic: 'Overview'. Taken from www.thegreatwar100.com - A project dedicated to telling the story of WW1 using infographics.
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THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-1939
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-1939
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Otto von Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck nació en 1815 en Alemania, estudió derecho y agricultura, y se convirtió en el primer ministro y ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de Prusia, donde desempeñó un papel clave en la unificación de Alemania y la creación del Imperio alemán, antes de fallecer en 1898.
Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck nació en 1815 en Prusia y se convirtió en un político conservador prusiano. Utilizó una serie de guerras y alianzas para unificar a los estados alemanes bajo el liderazgo de Prusia y crear el Imperio Alemán en 1871, donde se desempeñó como su primer Canciller. Gobernó de forma autoritaria pero logró grandes avances para Alemania antes de renunciar en 1890 debido a diferencias con el nuevo emperador Guillermo II.
Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck fue un estadista prusiano que dirigió la unificación de Alemania en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Bismarck logró unificar los estados alemanes a través de tres guerras: la guerra de los Ducados contra Dinamarca en 1864, la guerra austro-prusiana de 1866 y la guerra franco-prusiana de 1870-1871. Esto llevó al establecimiento del Imperio alemán en 1871, con Guillermo I como su primer emperador y Bismarck como canciller imperial.
Otto von bismarck
Bismarck fue un estadista prusiano que sirvió como Canciller de Alemania desde 1862 hasta 1890. Bajo su liderazgo, Prusia derrotó a Dinamarca, Austria y Francia en una serie de guerras que unificaron a la mayoría de los estados alemanes en el nuevo Imperio Alemán en 1871, con la exclusión de Austria. Bismarck creía que la unificación alemana debía lograrse a través de la diplomacia y la fuerza militar en lugar de apelar a las masas.
La alemania bismarckiana
Este documento resume la vida y logros políticos de Otto von Bismarck, el estadista alemán que unificó Alemania en 1871 y sirvió como su primer canciller hasta 1890. Bismarck estableció una serie de alianzas diplomáticas que mantuvieron a Francia aislada y aseguraron la supremacía de Alemania en Europa, pero sus sistemas entraron en contradicción y eventualmente fracasaron, dejando a Europa dividida en dos bloques que conducirían a la Primera Guerra Mundial.
How successful was bismarck's foreign policy
Bismarck pursued a largely successful foreign policy for Germany through a series of alliances and treaties. His main goals were to maintain peace in Europe, isolate France after its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, and prevent the emergence of a powerful coalition that could threaten Germany. Key elements of Bismarck's foreign policy included the League of Three Emperors, the Congress of Berlin, the Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, and the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia. Through deft diplomacy and balancing of interests, Bismarck largely achieved his aims of stabilizing Europe under German dominance for nearly two decades.
Italian unification
Nationalism in Italy and Germany in the 19th century led leaders to want to unify peoples sharing similar cultures into single nations. The Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, the largest and most powerful Italian state, led by Count Cavour and with French assistance, won lands in northern Italy occupied by Austria. At the same time, Giuseppe Garibaldi captured Sicily in the south. Cavour then persuaded Garibaldi to unite the northern and southern sections under King Victor Emmanuel II, making Italy a unified nation with Rome as its capital, with Venetia and the Papal States later added as well.
IP FALL 2015 Class 2 国際政治基礎B fall 2015 class 2
This document discusses the balance of power system in 19th century Europe and the lead up to World War 1. It describes how Europe had a multipolar system from 1815-1914 characterized by shifting alliances among 5 or 6 great powers. This period saw shifting alliances and the rise of Germany as a new great power. By 1907-1914 the system became rigidly divided into opposing alliance blocs. The document analyzes this system using realist and constructivist perspectives, discussing how nationalism and new norms challenged the balance of power but realism's security dilemma remained. It suggests World War 1 resulted from this rigid alliance system and the security dilemma as countries mobilized in response to perceived threats.
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1) El proceso de unificación alemana estuvo dirigido por Prusia bajo el liderazgo de Bismarck entre 1871 y 1918. 2) Prusia derrotó primero a Dinamarca, Austria y Francia en tres guerras sucesivas para establecer su dominio sobre los estados alemanes. 3) En 1871, Guillermo I fue proclamado emperador en Versalles y se estableció el Imperio Alemán como potencia económica y demográfica.
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Italy in the mid-19th century was divided into several states, with Austria controlling territory in the north and the Papal States in central Italy. The Risorgimento movement sought to unite Italy into a single nation, led by figures like Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Camillo Cavour of Piedmont-Sardinia. Cavour worked diplomatically to weaken Austria's hold on Italy while strengthening Piedmont, and allied with Britain and France against Russia. This paved the way for Garibaldi's military campaigns to liberate Sicily and southern Italy from Bourbon rule in 1860. By 1870, Italian unification was completed with the capture of Rome, making
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Este documento resume la vida y carrera política de Otto von Bismarck, el estadista prusiano que unificó Alemania en el siglo XIX. Detalla sus primeros años y educación, su carrera como parlamentario y embajador prusiano, y su papel como ministro prusiano y canciller de Alemania, donde lideró las guerras contra Dinamarca, Austria y Francia que condujeron a la unificación alemana y al establecimiento del Imperio alemán en 1871 bajo el liderazgo de Prusia.
Irlanda 1800-1937.
Irlanda estuvo dentro del Reino Unido entre 1800 y 1937. Durante este periodo sufrió la Gran Hambruna en la que murieron millones, comenzó el movimiento independentista y hubo varios levantamientos por la independencia como el Levantamiento de Pascua de 1916. Finalmente en 1921 se firmó el Tratado Anglo-Irlandés que estableció el Estado Libre Irlandés y en 1937 se adoptó la Constitución de Irlanda declarando su independencia.
Unificacion alemana
La unificación alemana fue liderada por Prusia bajo el canciller Otto von Bismarck entre 1864 y 1871. Primero, Prusia y Austria se aliaron contra Dinamarca en 1864 y ganaron territorio. Luego, Prusia derrotó a Austria en la guerra austro-prusiana de 1866, estableciendo la Confederación Alemana del Norte bajo su liderazgo. Finalmente, Bismarck provocó la guerra franco-prusiana de 1870, donde Prusia venció a Francia, unificando el resto de los estados alemanes
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Este documento presenta la respuesta negativa de las potencias aliadas a las propuestas alemanas en el Tratado de Versalles de 1919. Las potencias aliadas rechazan las protestas alemanas y afirman que Alemania es la única responsable de la guerra y de los crímenes cometidos durante la misma, como el uso de gases tóxicos y bombardeos indiscriminados. Exigen a Alemania asumir la total responsabilidad y pagar reparaciones. No aceptan la petición alemana de unirse a la Sociedad de Naciones. Final
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German nationalism grew in the early 1800s as the country was divided into many small states. Napoleon conquered parts of Germany between 1807-1812, further dividing the territory. Otto von Bismarck led Prussia to victory over Austria and France between 1866-1871, uniting most German states under Prussian rule and forming the German Empire with William I as Kaiser. The new German state industrialized rapidly and built a strong military under Kaiser Wilhelm II, though it remained largely undemocratic.
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