The document discusses the transition from traditional textbooks to next-generation digital textbooks, or "eternity". It proposes moving from formal, teacher-led education using traditional textbooks to more informal, responsive digital textbooks. These digital textbooks would be adaptable, personalized, flexible and accessible. They would include learning activities, multimedia, and tools for adaptation, recombination, assessment and collaboration. The document also discusses the role that standards organizations like CEN Workshop on Learning Technologies could play in bringing together stakeholders to develop standards and frameworks for digital textbooks in Europe. The goal is to understand requirements, ensure educational services can be integrated with publishing standards, and facilitate international collaboration and consensus.

1. eTernity – Towards the Next
Generation of Textbooks
Jan M. Pawlowski, Fabrizio Cardinali, Tore Hoel
16.01.2013
http://www.etextbookseurope.eu

2. Thanks to…
Fabrizio Cardinali
CEO eXact learning solutions North America & APAC
Email: f.cardinali@exactls.com
Twitter: @CardinaliF
Web site: www.exact-learning.com
Chair of Technical Committee from 2000 to 2002
Board of Directors from 2009 to 2011
Founding member of IMS Europe Active Engagement in
SCORM 1.2 & SCORM 2004 Cowriter
Open Knowledge Initiative – MIT
Global Strategy Advisor
Chair from 2010 to date, 3rd re-election
eXact learning solutions © 2012

3. Jyväskylä, Finland
Source: [http://www.jyu.fi/, http://www.jyvaskyla.fi/]

4. Global Information Systems
at the University of Jyväskylä
Focus areas Projects
Global Information Systems OpenDiscoverySpace: Open
Supporting globally distributed Content and Scenarios for Schools
workgroups OpenScout: OER for Management
Open Educational Resources TELMAP: Technology Forecasting
Reference Modeling NORDLET: Nordic Baltic Network
for Learning, Education and
E-Learning Training
Supporting international COSMOS: Open Science
education settings Resources: Exchange of Scientific
Content
Cultural adaptation
ASPECT: Open Content and
Standardization & Quality standards for schools
Management
iCOPER: New standards for
Mobile & Ambient Learning educational technologies
Innovative tools and solutions

5. From here…
http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
Textbooks as a
synonym for
traditional,
teacher-led,
boring
education…

6. ...to eTernity
Re-inventing Books

7. Summarising 15 Years of educational publishing
Towards Next generation (Personal & Social)
Responsive Digital Textbooks Marchitectures
eLearning 1.0: Formal eLearning 2.0: Informal eLearning 3.0:
“traditional” “traditional” “traditional” Grass Root Content Responsive
Pedagogy Contents Publishing Self Generated Digital Textbooks Marchitectures
Formal Learning Informal Learning
Web 2.0 Viral &
Performance & Talent Social Content
Management Next Generation Distribution
Digital Learning Marchitectures
& Ecosystems
Skills & Competency
management Personal
Knowledge
Management
Portfolio & Indentity Motivate – Engage – Remediate Each one
Management
Labor & Recruitement Mobile &
Management Personal Development Location Based
Plans Content Distribution
© Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions

8. In simple words…
eTextbooks as THE distribution channel, e.g. using ebook readers,
tablets, smartphones
http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
eTextbooks must be
– Adaptable / adaptive
– Personalizable
– Responsive
– Flexible
– Accessible
What should be different to traditional textbooks?
– Learning activities
– Multimedia
– Adaptation / re-authoring
– (Re-)combination
– Assessments
– Collaboration
– More to be discussed today 
Freedom of Choice?!
Ease of Use!
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

9. eTextbooks around the world…
Strong developments in Asia
– China has proposed an approach based
on their national eTextbook/eSchoolbag
specification
– South Korea has a competing
approach, based on a Digital Smart
Content specification, which is a
national profile of EPUB3 extended with
IMS Question and Test Interoperability,
IMS Tools Interoperability
specifications, and other national
specifications Time to
Few activities in Europe… Act!
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

10. CEN Workshop Learning Technologies
Started its activities in February 1999
Development and use of relevant and appropriate standards for
learning technologies for Europe
Supporting European Stakeholders to engage in standardization
activities and create European consensus
Creating models, specifications, agreements, guidelines or
recommendations
Providing a forum for the development and implementation of
requirements-driven Learning Technologies e.g. through the
development of a network or test bed for interoperability testing or
through the creation of reference examples
Carefully examining and taking into account the various effects on
learning and training technology standards which are due to the
diversity of cultural backgrounds and languages that exists within
Europe
Publicizing the Learning Technologies Workshop's activities and
results to Relevant European projects, Technology developers and
End users
Providing a forum for discourse and discussion for European project
initiatives
Encouraging participation in global initiatives in order to ensure that
diverse European requirements are properly addressed by those
global initiatives
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

11. eTernity: Role of CEN WS LT
Bringing European Stakeholders together!
http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
A state of the art analysis on international initiatives, in particular
DITA and EPUB3 from a publishing perspective, and activities within
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 WG6
– a clear picture of related activities in particular in the e-book
publishing sector,
Requirement gathering of European stakeholders, in particular
publishers, educational service providers and school networks
– bring together current strategies of publishers and publishing
standards (such as EPUB3 and DITA) and educational
requirements
– Ensuring that e-textbooks for learners can be enriched by
educational services, supporting adapting activities, re-mixing,
tracking, sequencing, licensing, etc
Initial framework for adaptable e-books for learners: Based on the
initial mappings, the CEN WS-LT will provide an initial abstract
framework consisting of publishing standards and educational
services as a basis for further standardization
Discourse, consensus, position development, international
participation!
Collaboration with ISO/IEC
– http://www.etextbook-standard.info/
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

12. So why are we here?
Creating an initial understanding of several
communities, perspectives and interests
Developing a European perspective on
global issues
Understanding educational requirements in
the context of digital publishing
Creating common initiatives and work items
But most important: understanding each
other and entering discourse!

13. Managing change in Digital Textbooks Production
From here…
Authoring Tools Learning Management Systems
Content Content
Producers Curators
Content
Consumers
Content
Providers
© Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions

14. Managing change in Digital Textbooks Production
From here…
Authoring Tools Learning Management Systems
Content Content
Producers Curators
10 Most Common Pain Points
1. Difficult to find existing content from past or distant productions
2. Hard to re-use templates across content productions
3. Having to produce content again for every new device
4. Having to test integration with new or multiple LMS platforms
Content
5. Not easy to interoperate with existing HR and ERP data Consumers
6. Need to integrate content from multiple departments (i.e. Technical, Marketing, Training)
Content
Providers Many content producers/vendors to coordinate, across different nations and languages
7.
8. A nightmare to manage large procurements processes for learning content production
9. Need to transform procurement and production towards a single stream
10.Need to standardize content production, course catalogues, access and delivery life cycles
© Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions

15. To eTernity
A Sample Ecosystem
Open External Open External
Repositories Tool Services
Single Sign On (Authentication, Authorization)
Object Oriented
Xml Schemas
Content
Content
Producers
Curators
Business Intelligence
Folksonomies
Taxonomies
Responsive
Object Oriented TextBook
Xml Stylesheets
Content Content
Providers Consumers
Workflows Learning
records
© Fabrizio Cardinali, eXact learning solutions

16. eTernity: Some initial thoughts….
What are the key elements of a standard?
http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
– Base standards: DITA, EPUB3, …
– Learning technology standards: LOM, MLR,
IMS LD/QTI, SCORM?
– Technical standards: HTML5, XML, …
How to design an open architecture…
– Combination of standards
– APIs
– Application Profiles
–…
…and fulfill stakeholder interests
– E.g. commercial vs open content
How to align international activities?
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

17. Some issues to include
Multi Channel Publishing
Workflow-/activity embedding
http://www.etextbookseurope.eu
Content structures and modularization
Sequencing, tracking, monitoring
Connecting heterogeneous systems: LMS, HR systems,
ERP systems, administration systems, e-portfolio
Learner profiles and data
Re-combination of contents
– Combination of open and commercial contents
Personalization
– Recommendations
– Adaptation
– Own learning pathways
Rights / IPR
Accessibility
Ease of Use!!!
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

18. eTernity: Goals for today
Understanding the basics
– Current initiatives in business development and education
– Current initiatives in standardization
Standards
– EPUB3, DITA, html5, …
– ISO standards
Working towards a European position
– Mapped and related requirements gathering for education
& publishing
– Position statement
– Contribution towards relevant global workgroups
Action plan
– Meeting schedule
– Liaisons / collaborations
– (Common) working groups
– Proposal for CEN/ISSS WSLT
– Project liaisons
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

19. eTernity: CEN WSLT’s Plans
Kicking off the initiative
– Stakeholder meeting and initial
requirements gathering
Work item at CEN WS LT
– F2F meeting every three months
– Specific online meetings
– Express your support:
http://etextbookseurope.eu/?q=node/9
Input towards ISO/EC JTC1 SC36
– Meeting in Paris in March
– Meeting in Moscow in September
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

20. eTernity: Agenda
Input statements
– Publishing
– Standards
– Initiatives
Coffee Breaks & Lunch 
Workshops: Discussion on potentially relevant
issues
– Introduction of each stakeholder
– (uncommented) collection of requirements
– Requirements and solutions
• E.g. allowing learning scenarios -> inclusion of
learning designs / educational pathways
– Ranking & Action planning
– Summary presentation
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

21. Group Discussion
Workshops Topics:
– Scenarios and requirements following the
lifecycle
– Technical standards and architecture
Group phases
– (uncommented) collection of requirements for
each phase / standards per issue (30 mins)
– Developing possible scenarios and
requirements (1h)
– Possible solutions
• E.g. allowing learning scenarios -> inclusion of
learning designs / educational pathways
– Ranking & Action planning (30 mins)
– Summary presentation
Jan M. Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä

22. www.etextbookseurope.eu
Jan M. Pawlowski Fabrizio Cardinali
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exact-learning.com/blog
jan.pawlowski@jyu.fi
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