Tissue engineering involves implanting cells or scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration, with various sources including differentiated and stem cells. While it offers treatment for numerous diseases and potential lab-grown organs, concerns arise regarding the ethical implications of embryonic stem cell use and long-term effects. Scaffolds play a critical role, providing structural support and facilitating cellular interactions necessary for successful tissue engineering.

1. Topic:Tissue Engineering
& Regeneration

2. Tissue Engineering
• Def: Involves the implantation of cells and tissues or cellularized or cell free
scaffolds that have been expanded in vitro and implanted into areas of
tissue injury with the aim of promoting in vivo regeneration and repair of
tissues.
• Some tissues have ability of undergoing spontaneous repair and
regeneration like bone but some have very limited ability like cartilage.

3. Opportunities ofTissue Engineering

4. Sources of cells forTissue Eng.
• There are two main sources:
1. Fully differentiated cell (Somatic cell): a) Autologus cell eg. Skin, Chondrocyte
b) Allogenic cell
2. Undifferentiated cell (Stem Cell):
A) Adult tissue resident/somatic stem cell:
- Hemopoietic stem cell
- Mesenchymal/Stromal stem cell
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Neural stem cell
B) Embryonic Stem Cell
C) Fetal Stem Cell
D) Induced Pluripotent stem cell

5. Cells Used

6. Advantage ofTissue Eng.
• Treatment for a wide range of disease
• Clinical application in surgical assessment &Treatment
• Models to test therapeutic efficacy and toxicity
• Medical benefits in the fields of therapeutic cloning and regenerative
medicine.
• Cures to a plethora of diseases including Parkinson’s Disease,
Schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Cancer, Spinal Cord injuries & Diabetes.
• Limbs & organs could be grown in a lab from stem cells
• Easy to learn about lumen growth and cell development

7. Disadvantage ofTissue Eng.
• The use of embryonic stem cells involves the destruction of blastocyst formed
from laboratory fertilized human eggs hurts people religious sentiment.
• Long term effects are unknown that may have influence on nature.
• These are pre-specialized like blood stem cell only make blood.
• Chance of graft rejection

8. Scaffolds forTissue Eng.
• Def: Materials that have been engineered to ensure desire cellular interaction to
contribute to the formation of neo functional for medical purpose.
• Type:
A) Natural:
- Prepared by removal of resident cell types
- Consist ofTissue extracellular matrix
B) Artificial:
- Natural Materials, Synthetic polymers, Bioactive ceramics & glasses

9. Requirements of Scaffolds
• Provides structural support for cells
• Allows cells to attach , migrate & proliferate
• Enable O2, Nutrients & Regulatory factors access to all cell
• Deliver signal to promote cell migration & proliferation
• Biocompatible non immunogenic and ideally biodegradable

10. Approach for Seeding Cells into Scaffolds

11. Stem Cell
• Def: Undifferentiated or non specialized cell that are avail through cell division to
renew themselves indefinitely.
• They have enormous potential for use as cell based therapies as there unique
ability to undergo self renewal.
• Types:
A) Adult tissue resident/somatic stem cell:
- Hemopoietic stem cell
- Mesenchymal/Stromal stem cell
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Neural stem cell
B) Embryonic Stem Cell
C) Fetal Stem Cell
D) Induced Pluripotent stem cell

12. Complication ofTissue Engineering

13. Thank You