Tissue engineering aims to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs. It involves growing cells on scaffolds in bioreactors that mimic physiological conditions. There are five basic steps: 1) obtaining cells, 2) expanding cells in culture, 3) seeding cells onto scaffolds with growth factors, 4) incubating to form new tissues, and 5) implanting the new tissues. Stem cells have potential for tissue engineering due to their ability to self-renew and differentiate. Current research applies stem cells to treat diseases like cardiovascular issues, diabetes, and injuries. Tissue engineering has created bioartificial organs like windpipes and is researching pancreases, bladders, cartilage, blood vessels, and bone marrow. It provides hope for solving