Introduction
Primary Culture
Steps In Primary Culture
Isolation Of Tissue
Dissection And/Or Disaggregation
Types Of Primary Culture
Primary Explant Culture
Enzymatic Disaggregation
Mechanical Disaggregation
Cell Line( Finite & Continuous)
Naming A Cell Line
Choosing A Cell Line
Maintenance Of Cell Line
Conclusion
reference
Introduction
Primary Culture
Steps In Primary Culture
Isolation Of Tissue
Dissection And/Or Disaggregation
Types Of Primary Culture
Primary Explant Culture
Enzymatic Disaggregation
Mechanical Disaggregation
Cell Line( Finite & Continuous)
Naming A Cell Line
Choosing A Cell Line
Maintenance Of Cell Line
Conclusion
reference
Introduction
History
Scale up in suspension:Stirred culture,Continuous flow culture,Air- lift culture,Nasa bioreactor
Scale up in monolayer culture: Roller bottle culture , multisurface culture,fixed -bed culture
Other type of culture for scaling up: HARV Vessels,STLV vessels
Monitoring of scale up
Conclusion
References
Scale up means increasing the quantity or volume of cell culture. For animal cells, the scale up strategies are dependent upon cell types or i.e. whether the cells requires matrix for attachment and growth ( adherent cell culture) or grows freely in suspended form in aqueous media. The scaling up principle for adherent cells are just to increase surface area for attachment while for suspension culture is to increase culture volume. This presentation enlightens the reader about different methods of scaling up of cells culture. Readers are also provided with sample questions for better understanding
Introduction
History
Cell culture techniques
Species cloned
Approaches of cell cloning
Monolayer culture- Dilution cloning
Microtitration plate
Suspension culture- Cloning in agar
Cloning in methocel
Isolation of clone
By clonal rings
By suspension clone
Application of cell cloning
Conclusion
Reference
Introduction
What is cloning?
Why we want to do cloning?
History
Technique of cell cloning
Dolly – the sheep
Species cloned
Why persue animal cloning research?
Conclusion
Introduction
What is cloning?
Why we want to do cloning?
History
Technique of cell cloning
Dolly – the sheep
Species cloned
Why persue animal cloning research?
Conclusion
Introduction.
Properties of Stem Cells.
Key Research events.
Embryonic Stem Cell.
Stem cell Cultivation.
Stem cells are central to three processes in an organism.
Research & Clinical Application of stem cell.
Research patents.
Conclusion.
Reference.
Primary and established cell line cultureKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Primary Culture
Steps of Primary Culture
Isolation Of Tissue
Dissection And Disaggregation
Types Of Primary Culture
Primary Explants Culture
Enzymatic Disaggregation
Mechanical Disaggregation
Cell Line( Finite & Continuous)
Naming A Cell Line
Choosing A Cell Line
Maintenance Of Cell Line
Conclusion
Reference
Introduction
History
Scale up in suspension:Stirred culture,Continuous flow culture,Air- lift culture,Nasa bioreactor
Scale up in monolayer culture: Roller bottle culture , multisurface culture,fixed -bed culture
Other type of culture for scaling up: HARV Vessels,STLV vessels
Monitoring of scale up
Conclusion
References
Scale up means increasing the quantity or volume of cell culture. For animal cells, the scale up strategies are dependent upon cell types or i.e. whether the cells requires matrix for attachment and growth ( adherent cell culture) or grows freely in suspended form in aqueous media. The scaling up principle for adherent cells are just to increase surface area for attachment while for suspension culture is to increase culture volume. This presentation enlightens the reader about different methods of scaling up of cells culture. Readers are also provided with sample questions for better understanding
Introduction
History
Cell culture techniques
Species cloned
Approaches of cell cloning
Monolayer culture- Dilution cloning
Microtitration plate
Suspension culture- Cloning in agar
Cloning in methocel
Isolation of clone
By clonal rings
By suspension clone
Application of cell cloning
Conclusion
Reference
Introduction
What is cloning?
Why we want to do cloning?
History
Technique of cell cloning
Dolly – the sheep
Species cloned
Why persue animal cloning research?
Conclusion
Introduction
What is cloning?
Why we want to do cloning?
History
Technique of cell cloning
Dolly – the sheep
Species cloned
Why persue animal cloning research?
Conclusion
Introduction.
Properties of Stem Cells.
Key Research events.
Embryonic Stem Cell.
Stem cell Cultivation.
Stem cells are central to three processes in an organism.
Research & Clinical Application of stem cell.
Research patents.
Conclusion.
Reference.
Primary and established cell line cultureKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Primary Culture
Steps of Primary Culture
Isolation Of Tissue
Dissection And Disaggregation
Types Of Primary Culture
Primary Explants Culture
Enzymatic Disaggregation
Mechanical Disaggregation
Cell Line( Finite & Continuous)
Naming A Cell Line
Choosing A Cell Line
Maintenance Of Cell Line
Conclusion
Reference
Microbial Kinetics in Batch Culture
Culture system containing a limited amount of nutrient, which is inoculated with the microorganism. Cells grow until some component is exhausted or until the environment changes so as to inhibit growth. Biomass concentration defined in terms of cell dry weight measurements (g/l) or total cell number (cells/ml).
Lineweaver-Burke Equation.....We remember the Monod Equation
Invert…
The equation now has the form of a straight line with intercept.
Y = MX + C
By plotting as a function of
You get a straight line, where the slope is , and the y–axis intercept is .
Product Yield Coefficient
Maintenance:
Cells use energy and raw materials for two functions, production of new cells and the maintenance of existing cells. In general, consumption of materials for maintenance is small w.r.t. the amount of materials used in the synthesis of new biomass.
Generally it is assumed that the use of materials for maintenance is proportional to the amount of cells present.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Maxilla, Mandible & Hyoid Bone & Clinical Correlations by Dr. RIG.pptx
Cell line
1. Cell culture and
maintenance-
“Cell Lines Used In Screening
Techniques”
Submitted To- Presented By-
Mrs. Jyothi Y. Bhavya Rewari
Asst. Proff., Dept. of Pharmacology M.Pharm, Ist year, Pharmacology
Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore
2. Contents
• Cell line
• Types of tissue culture
• Primary cultures
• Continuous cell lines
• Cell types
• Human cell lines
• Animal cell lines
• Applications
3. Cell line
• A cell line is a permanently established cell culture that
will proliferate indefinitely given appropriate fresh
medium and space
• A cell culture developed from a single cell and therefore
consisting of cells with a uniform genetic make-up
• There is presence of several cell linkage either similar or
distinct
• Generally stem cells are used in this culture
4. • After the subculture, the primary culture
becomes a cell line & may be propagated & sub
cultured several times
• Some species, particularly rodents,
give rise to lines relatively easily, whereas
other species do not
• No cell lines have been produced
from avian tissues and the establishment of cell
lines from human tissue is difficult
5. Types of tissue culture
Primary
Continuous
Finite Indefinite
Normal cells cultured
without any change in their
division rate
Single cell type roughly
thirty times of division,
enhanced by growth
factors
It is nearly the same as
finite but the cells here
can divide indefinitely
by transformation
into tumor cells,
They are called cell
line
6. Cell line
Normal
Transformed
Stem cell
Taken from a
tumor tissue and
cultured as a
single cell type
Normal cells underwent
a genetic change to be
tumor cells
They are Master
Cells that generate
Other differentiated
cell types
7. Primary cultures
• Cells when surgically or enzymatically removed
from an organism and placed in suitable culture
environment will attach and grow and are called
as primary culture
• Primary cells have a finite life span
• Primary culture contains a very heterogeneous
population of cells
8. • Sub culturing of primary cells leads to the
generation of cell lines
• Cell lines have limited life span, they passage
several times before they become senescent
• Cells such as macrophages and neurons do not
divide in vitro so can be used as primary
cultures
9. Continuous cell lines
• Most cell lines grow for a limited number of
generations after which they cease
• Cell lines which either occur spontaneously or
induced virally are chemically transformed into
continous cell lines
10. • Characteristics of continuous cell lines-
A. Smaller, more rounded, less adherent with a
higher nucleus /cytoplasm ratio
B. Fast growth
C. Grow more in suspension conditions
D. Ability to grow up to higher cell density
E. Stop expressing tissue specific genes
11. Cell types
On the basis of morphology (shape &
appearance) or on their functional
characteristics. They are divided into three.
• Epithelial like- Attached to a substrate and
appears flattened and polygonal in shape
• Lymphoblast like- Cells do not attach, remain
in suspension with a spherical shape
• Fibroblast like- Cells attached to a substrate,
appear elongated and bipolar
16. FEATURES FINITE CONTINUOUS
ploidy Diploid Heteroploid
Transformation Normal Transformed
Anchorage
Dependence
Yes NO
Density limitation
of growth
Yes NO
Mode of Growth Monolayer Monolayer of
suspension
Maintenance Cyclic Steady state
17. Serum
Requirement
High Low
Cloning Efficiency Low High
Markers Tissue Specific Chromosomal,
Enzymic
Virus
susceptibility,
Differentiation
May be retained Often lost
Growth rate Slow (24-96) hr Rapid (12-24) hr
Yield Low (106 cells/ml) High (106 cells/ml)
Control features Generation
number
Strain
characteristics
20. Animal cell lines and products
CELL LINE PRODUCT
Human Tumor Angiogenic Factor
Human Leucocytes Interferon
Mouse fibroblasts Interferon
Human Kidney Urokinase
Duck Embryo Fluid Vaccines for Rabies &
Rubella
Human Kidney Cells Human Protein
21. Applications
• Screening of the anti cancerous drug
• Cell based bioassay
• To determine the cytotoxicity
• In vitro screening of several drugs
• Production of antiviral vaccines
• Cancer research , which required the study of
uncontrolled cell division in cultures
• Cell fusion techniques
• Genetic manipulation
• Study of the effects of toxins & pollutants using
cell lines
• Study of the function of nerve cells
• Chromosome analysis of cells derived from
womb
