This document discusses space-based solar power satellites (SPS) that would collect solar energy in space and transmit it to Earth via wireless power transmission (WPT). It outlines important milestones in the development of this technology, including early experiments in the 1900s and proposals from the 1960s onward. The document describes the basic design of an SPS, including using large solar arrays in low Earth orbit to generate 5-10 gigawatts of power and transmitting it to rectennas on Earth via microwave beams. It also discusses challenges such as high launch costs and the need for international cooperation, as well as advantages like continuous power generation and fewer land use impacts compared to terrestrial solar.

1. SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER SATELlITE PRESENTED BY KISHOR.M.S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING THIRUVANANTHAPURAM kishorms@gmail.com

3. IMPORTANT MILESTONES

4. WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION (WPT) BACKGROUND

5. DESIGN

6. INTRODUCTION TO LARGE SPS

7. TRANSMISSION

8. CHALLENGES

9. ADVANTAGES

10. DISADVANTAGES

11. EVOLVING WPT MARKETS

12. CONCLUSION

15. The power-collecting platforms would most likely operate in geosynchronous orbit where they would be illuminated 24 hours a day

17. 1968: Dr .Peter Glaser introduced the idea of a large solar power satellite system with square miles of solar collectors in high geo synchronous orbit

18. 1973: Dr. Peter Glaser was granted U.S. patent number 3,781,647 for his method of transmitting power over long distances

19. 1994: The United States Air Force conducted the Advanced Photovoltaic Experiment using a satellite launched into low Earth orbit by a Pegasus rocket

21. 2001: Power Sat Corporation founded by William Maness

22. 2001: NASDA (Japan's national space agency) announced plans to perform additional research and prototyping by launching an experimental satellite with 10 kilowatts and 1 megawatt of power

23. 2009: Japan announced plans to orbit solar power satellites that will transmit energy back to earth via microwaves. They hope to have the first prototype orbiting by 2030

26. Power output: Ranging from 5GW to 10GW

27. Microwave beam footprints: ground footprint of 3Km in diameter and transmitting antenna of 100m in diameter.

28. 5-10 GW satellite delivering microwave power will not be in geosynchronous orbit, instead low orbit 1000 km

29. Much cheaper to put a satellite in low orbit

37. The transmission is through space and atmosphere and received on earth by a huge antenna called the rectenna.

38. Recent developments suggest the usage of recently developed solid state lasers allow efficient transfer of power.

40. For receiving these transmitted waves rectennas are set up at the Earth. An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it into electric power. Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency and 95% of the beam will fall on the rectenna but the rectenna is around 5km across . Currently there are two different design types being looked at- Wire mesh reflector and Magic carpet.

41. Basic block diagram of earth station

43. At a receiving antenna, the microwave energy would be safely and very efficiently reconvened into electricity and then transmitted to users.

46. Sunlight captured in space is many times more effective in providing continuous base load power compared to a solar array on the Earth

47. No storage required for nighttime power

48. Space gets full power 7 days a week – no cloudy days

50. Energy delivered anywhere in the world

51. Zero fuel cost

52. Zero CO2 emission – Environment safe

54. Would require a network of hundreds of satellites

55. Possible health hazards

56. Huge size of the antennas and rectennas

58. The large scale of Space Solar Power will require international financing

59. Technology for an efficient wireless power transfer is still in the evolving stage

61. Solar power satellites in low-Earth or geosynchronous orbit or on the Moon to supply terrestrial power demands on a global scale.

62. High-altitude, long-endurance aircraft maintained at a desired location for weeks or months at 20 km for communications and surveillance instead of satellites, at greatly reduced costs.

63. Power is transmitted from distant sites to geosynchronous orbit and then reflected to a receiver on Earth in a desired location very economically without overhead lines.

65. SPS is still more expensive than Earth-based solar power and other energy sources. Yet, even now, a small SPS system could be economically justified to provide otherwise unavailable emergency power for natural disaster situations, urban blackouts and satellite power failures Wireless power transmission is still being considered as a next-generation power transmission system for the future

66. REFERENCES IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, April 20, 2010 World Energy Council, "Energy for Tomorrow’s World - Acting Now", WEC Statement 2000, www.worldenergy.org. WEC/IIASA, Global Energy Perspectives, Nakicenovic, Nebojsa, et al, Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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