3. Table of Contents
Abstract
History
introduction
How it would different
Requirement for space solar power
Design
Microwave power transmission
Transmission antenna
Laser power beaming
Rectenna
Advantage
Disadvantage
Conclusion
References
4. ABSTRACT
SBSP is a system for the collection of
solar power in space, to meet the
ever increasing demand for energy on
Earth.
In SBSP huge solar panels are fitted in
the large satellite which collects the
entire solar energy present in orbit
and beams it down to Earth.
The collecting satellite would convert
solar energy into electrical energy on
board, powering a microwave
transmitter or laser emitter, and focus
its beam toward a collector
(Rectenna) on the Earth's surface.
5. History
NikolaTesla in late 1890s, Pioneers of induction
Techniques. His vision for “WorldWireless
System”.
In 1940s ability to convert energy to microwave
was developed.
In 1964William C.Brown demonstrated a
Rectenna.
6. Introduction
Space based solar
power(SBSP) is the
concept of collecting
solar power in space
(using an “SPS”, that is,
a “solar-power satellite”
or a “satellite power
system”) for use on
Earth.
It has been in research
since the early 1970s.
7.
8. Basic Concept
Part of the solar energy is lost on its way through the
atmosphere by the effects of reflection and absorption.
Space based solar power systems convert sunlight to
microwaves or Laser beam outside the atmosphere,
avoiding these losses, and the downtime (and cosine
losses, for fixed flat-plate collectors) due to the earth’s
rotation.
9. How it would different
SBSP would different from current method in that the
mean used to collect energy would reside on an orbiting
satellite instead of on Earth’s surface.
Higher collection rate a longer collection period due to
the lack of a diffusing atmosphere and nighttime in
space.
10. Requirement for space solar
power
Low-cost, environmentally-friendly launch
vehicles.
Large scale in orbit construction and
operations:-To gather massive quantities of
energy, solar power satellites must be large,
far larger than the international space
station(ISS).
Power transmission :-To transmit power from
satellites to the Earth’s surface with minimal
environmental impact.
11. Design
Space-based solar power essentially Consists
of three elements:
A means of collecting solar power in space,
for example via solar concentrators, solar
cells or a heat engine.
A means of transmitting power to earth, for
example via microwave or laser.
A means of receiving power on earth, for
example via a microwave antenna(rectenna).
12. Microwave power transmission
Power transmission via radio waves can be made more
directional, allowing longer distance power beaming,
with shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation,
typically in the micro wave range.
A rectenna may be used to convert the microwave
energy back into electrical.
NASA study of solar power satellites required a 1-km
diameter transmitting antenna, and a 10 km Diameter
receiving rectenna, for a microwave beam at 2.45GHz.
Experiments in the tens of kilowatts have been
performed.
Conversion efficiency under experimental conditions was
measured to be around 54% efficient.
13.
14.
15. TRANSMITTINGANTENNAE
Power transmission via radio waves can be made
more directional, allowing longer distance power
beaming, with shorter wavelengths of
electromagnetic radiation.
Retro directive beam control systems have been
the preferred method of achieving accurate beam
pointing.
Microwave power beaming can be more efficient
than lasers, and is less prone to atmospheric
attenuation caused by dust or water vapor
16. Laser power beaming
Power can be transmitted by converting electricity into a
laser beam that is then pointer at a photovoltaic cell.
Compared to other wireless method:
Collimated monochromatic wave front propagation allows
narrows beam cross-section area for transmission over
large distances.
Compact size:-Solid state lasers fit into small products.
No radio-frequency interference to existing radio
communication such asWi-Fi and cell phones.
Access control:- Only receivers hit by the laser receive
power.
17.
18. Earth based receiver
The Earth-based rectenna would likely
consist of many short dipole antennas
connected via diodes.
Microwave broadcasts from the satellite
would be received in the dipoles with about
85% efficiency.
Rectennas would likely be several kilometers
across.
20. Advantages
Unlimited energy resource.
Energy delivered anywhere in the world.
Zero fuel cost.
Zero co2 emission.
Minimum long rang environmental impact.
Solar radiation can be more efficiently collected in
space.
21. Disadvantages
Storage of electricity during off peak demand hours.
The frequency of beamed radiation is planned to be at
2.45GHz and this frequency is used by communication
satellites also.
The entire structure is massive.
High initial cost and required much time for construction.
Launch costs.
Would required a network of hundreds of satellites.
The size of the antennas and rectenas.
Geosynchronous satellites would take up large sections of
space.
22. Conclusion
This technology is still in development but
with support it will become operation of reality
providing a new source of clean energy.
“Will be a boon as we are running out of fossil
fuels”.
The solar energy available in space is literally billions of time greater than we use today. Space solar power is by far the largest potential energy source available, dwarfing all others combined.
This technology on larger scale, combined with already demonstrated wireless power transmission can supply nearly all the electrical needs of our planet.
Space solar power can completely solve our energy problems long term. The sooner we start and the harder we work, the shorter “long term” will be.