to meet future requirement

1. SOLAR POWER SATELLITE AND MICROWAVE
TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY
Presented by:
Ms. Farheen
4JD12EE012
Electrical and electronics
Jain institute of technology

2. Introduction
History
How SPS works?
Design of Solar Power Satellites
Types
Description
Wireless power transmission
Space craft sizing
Comparison of power sources
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion

3.  Producing electricity from sunlight in space is not a new or untried technology.
What has never been tried before is transmitting that power back to Earth for our
use.
 The Solar Power Satellite (or "Space Solar Power," SPS) is a concept to collect
solar power in space, and then transport it to the surface of the Earth by microwave
beam, where it is converted into electrical power for terrestrial use.
 Being a clean and safe energy design, space-based solar power has the potential to
play a significant role in solving global energy and environmental problems.

4.  In 1968 idea for solar power satellites was proposed by Peter Glaser.
 Between 1978 and 1981, the Congress authorized the Department of
Energy (DoE).
 In 1999, NASA's Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology
program (SERT) was initiated.
 On Nov 2, 2012, China proposed space collaboration with India that mentioned
SBSP.

6. Capture solar
energy in space
Photovoltaic
cell
Solar radiation can be more efficiently collected in space, where it is roughly three
times stronger than on the surface of the Earth. Most of these systems
would utilize photovoltaic (PV) cells similar to those on Earth-based systems.

7. FOUR BASIC STEPS INVOLVED IN THE
CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY TO
ELECTRICITY AND DELIVERY ARE

8. SPACETENNA: (THE ANTENNA ON SATELLITE)
“An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves.
• The transmitting antenna on the horizontal under-surface faces the Earth, and the
other two sides of the prism carry solar arrays.
• The Microwave thus produced Travels through Atmosphere & is collected by
RECTENNAS on Earth.
• The Spacetenna has a square shape whose dimension is 132 meters by 132 meters
and which is regularly filled with 1936 segments of sub array.
• There will be about 2.6 million antenna elements in the spacetenna.

9. RECTENNNA :(RECTIFYING ANTENNA)
“An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing
microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it into electric power.”
• Microwaves of 2.45 GHz frequency are used to transmit power from the
satellite to the rectenna.
• Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency.
• Diameter is around 5km .
• 95% of the beam will fall on the rectenna.

11. Space-based solar power
essentially consists of three parts:
 Collecting solar power in space
 Transmitting power to earth.
 Receiving power on earth.

12.  Super synchronous Solar Power Satellite
 Fixed Geosynchronous Solar Power Satellite
 Fixed Design with integrated microwave
transmitter

13. The SPS essentially
consists of three parts:
 A solar collector,
typically made up of
solar cells
 A microwave
antenna on the
satellite, aimed at
Earth
 one or more paired,
and much larger,
antennas (rectenna’s)
on the Earth's
surface.

14. Spacecraft design:
Solar photons will be converted
to electricity aboard the SPS
spacecraft, and that electricity
will be fed to an array of
Klystron tubes which will
generate the microwave beam.
Solar energy conversion (solar
photons to DC current):
Two basic methods of converting
photons to electricity have been
studied,
 Solar dynamic (SD) and
 Photovoltaic (PV).

15.  Wireless power transmission was early proposed to transfer energy from
collection to the Earth's surface. The power could be transmitted as either
microwave or laser radiation at a variety of frequencies depending on system
design.
 The first technical session on solar power satellites (SPS) was held in 1970 at
the International Microwave Power Institute Symposium.
 Two types of WPT:
Ground based power transmission
Space based power transmission
 But Space-based power transmission is preferred over Ground-based power
transmission.

16.  The sizing will be dominated by
the distance from Earth to
geostationary orbit (22,300 miles,
35,700 km), the chosen
wavelength of the microwaves,
and the laws of physics,
specifically the Rayleigh
Criterion or Diffraction limit,
used in standard RF (Radio
Frequency) antenna design.
 A collection of LEO (Low Earth
Orbit) space power stations has
been proposed as a precursor to
GEO (Geostationary Orbit) space
power beaming systems.

17. Power
Generation
Costs Cost/Watt Pros Cons
Nuclear
Power
State of the art
facilities can
generate up to 366
Gigawatts
3-5 billion for
the facility
$61.32 Extensive scientific data
available
Technology has been
established and used for
decades
No greenhouse effects
Nuclear proliferation
Larger capital costs
Security and risks of
containment breaches
Fossil Fuels Dependent upon
usage
Currently oil is
at $100 a
barrel and
expected to
rise
$53.42 Inexpensive and established
Currently Abundant and
highly Versatile
Pollution , acid rain and
global warming
Extensive transportation
Limited Supply Increasing
costs
Solar Power 19-56 watts per
square meter. Max
power generation
limited only by size
at a rate of
<$1.00,
dependent
upon the size
of the station
<$1.00
(employing new
technologies)
Free as long as sunlight is
available
Requirement of special
materials
Current technology requires
large amounts of land for
small amounts of energy
generation
Solar
Powered
Satellites
230 watts per
square meter up to
8.75 terawatts
70-80 billion
including
launch costs
<$1.00
(employing new
technologies)
Can produce electricity 24
hours a day, 7 days a week.
Satellite can transmit power
to different areas globally
Extremely expensive

18. Advantages:
 Unlimited energy resource.
 Energy delivered anywhere in the world.
 Zero fuel cost.
 Zero CO2 emission.
 Minimum long-range environmental impact.
 Solar radiation can be more efficiently collected in space.
Disadvantages:
 Storage of electricity during off peak demand hours .
 The frequency of beamed radiation is planned to be at 2.45 GHz and
this frequency is used by communication satellites also.
 The entire structure is massive.
 High initial cost and require much time for construction.
 Launch costs.
 Would require a network of hundreds of satellites.
 The size of the antennas and rectennas.
 Geosynchronous satellites would take up large sections of space.

21.  Several new designs for solar power satellites were considered, in an attempt to maximize
the amount of power produced at peak rates.
 The challenges to the implementation of Space Solar Power are significant, but then no
major expansion of energy supply will be easy. These challenges need to be tackled
vigorously by the space, energy and other communities.
 The possibility of decrease of the wave beam expansion permits to make the WPT systems
less expensive. Such approach to the problem of the continuous radiators and of the real
antennas, which can be created, is new.
 A small SPS system could be economically justified to provide otherwise unavailable
emergency power for natural disaster situations, urban blackouts and satellite power
failures.

23. THANK YOU